• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-92
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• 2004

The paper surveys various attempts to use the concept of 'fundamental ideas' -Bruner's concept- as a tool for organizing mathematics teaching and research in mathematics education. One of the characteristics of fundamental ideas in mathematics is their correspondence to the history of mathematics; therefore in forming out contents and methods in mathematics education, the history of mathematics may be serve as an interesting aspect. It is demonstrated by the example of mean values.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.207-211
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• 2003

The weather resistance of five coatings systems based on alkyd, chlorinated rubber, epoxy, polyurethane and fluoropolymer were studied by natural exposure test and accelerated test. The coatings were exposed at Hanoi station with urban industry atmosphere and at Baichay station with marine atmosphere. The degradation of coatings was evaluated by gloss measurement and surface analysis by scanning electronic microscopy. The results obtained show that among coatings tested the gloss of polyurethane and fluoropolymer coatings remained highly and those of alkyd, chlorinated rubber and epoxy coatings were very low after two years of atmospheric exposure. Under accelerating conditions the gloss of fluoropolymer coatings remained highly after 80 cycles of testing. By comparison with accelerating test in UV-condensation chamber the conditions at atmospheric stations are more aggressive.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.285-296
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• 2004

Fashion business must reflect the seasonable fashion trend because fashion has change always, and therefore fashion business has a big risk at the attribute. Careful consideration should be given to the selection of a particular color code to meet the purpose of marketing research in various color products. It must be designed to grasp systematically and comprehensively the current trend of colors. The most suitable color code for meeting this proposition would be one based on the designation by color ranges. The ISCC-NBS method of designating colors, published in 1955, was established by dividing the color solid into 267 color name blocks. The detailed classification like the ISCC-NBS system is very appropriate to serve the purpose of giving all color names according to color ranges. But it is somewhat too complicated to answer the purpose of surveying the trend of colors and of comparing and evaluating the ups and downs in the popularity of the range of each individual color. I have worked out the most convenient method of designating colors in accordance with the type of investigation needed. It is the classification which involves four classification system in itself, fundamental, gross, medium, and minute. The fundamental classification system classifies hues and neutrals into 16ranges. The gross classification system divides the above 16 ranges into 30. The medium classification divides the above 30 ranges into 103 in terms of tones. The minute classification divides the above 103 ranges into 207 in terms of specipic hues.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.382-393
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• 2008

Tourism Industry can be treated as means for activating the economy of regions and must be considered as new alternative. As this trend, recently. the interest of tourism area connected with health industry is increasing gradually. And so, this study investigated the domestic abroad cases and established the promotion model of health tourism through experts' opinion to push ahead health tourism as strategy industry of Jeju region. Also this study proposed the planning to improve the competition ability of Jeju region by executing the fundamental research through the survey focused on tourists.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2018

Background: The Sasang constitutional analysis tool (SCAT) is an integrated Sasang constitutional analysis system developed by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a questionnaire for measuring personality and pathophysiological symptoms that is one of the components of the SCAT. Methods: In this study, data were collected from university students in their twenties. Tests were administered twice, with an interval of 4 weeks between tests. Test-retest data from 176 students were collected and used for analysis. Internal consistency reliability was analyzed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability was analyzed by using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.788 for personality, 0.511 for eating habits, 0.718 for digestion, 0.667 for heat- or cold-wise penchant, and 0.612 for water ingestion. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, which were used to assess correlations between test and retest results, ranged from 0.444 to 0.828. Conclusion: The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the SCAT questionnaire were found to be satisfactory.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.417-431
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• 2024

The fundamental period of vibration is one of the most critical parameters in the analysis and design of structures, as it depends on the distribution of stiffness and mass within the structure. Therefore, building codes propose empirical equations based on the observed periods of actual buildings during seismic events and ambient vibration tests. However, despite the fact that infill walls increase the stiffness and mass of the structure, causing significant changes in the fundamental period, most of these equations do not account for the presence of infills walls in the structure. Typically, these equations are dependent on both the structural system type and building height. The different values between the empirical and analytical periods are due to the elimination of non-structural effects in the analytical methods. Therefore, the presence of non-structural elements, such as infill panels, should be carefully considered. Another critical factor influencing the fundamental period is the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). Most seismic building design codes generally consider SSI to be beneficial to the structural system under seismic loading, as it increases the fundamental period and leads to higher damping of the system. Recent case studies and postseismic observations suggest that SSI can have detrimental effects, and neglecting its impact could lead to unsafe design, especially for structures located on soft soil. The current research focuses on investigating the effect of infill panels on the fundamental period of moment-resisting and eccentrically braced steel frames while considering the influence of soil-structure interaction. To achieve this, the effects of building height, infill wall stiffness, infill openings and soil structure interactions were studied using 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18-story 3-D frames. These frames were modeled and analyzed using SeismoStruct software. The calculated values of the fundamental period were then compared with those obtained from the proposed equation in the seismic code. The results indicate that changing the number of stories and the soil type significantly affects the fundamental period of structures. Moreover, as the percentage of infill openings increases, the fundamental period of the structure increases almost linearly. Additionally, soil-structure interaction strongly affects the fundamental periods of structures, especially for more flexible soils. This effect is more pronounced when the infill wall stiffness is higher. In conclusion, new equations are proposed for predicting the fundamental periods of Moment Resisting Frame (MRF) and Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) buildings. These equations are functions of various parameters, including building height, modulus of elasticity, infill wall thickness, infill wall percentage, and soil types.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study is to develop a structured clinical protocol related with acquisition of radial pulse wave in the randomized, $2{\times}2$ cross-over design, and cold-heat intervention trial for a pilot and preliminary study. Methods The protocol was contrived based on wide ranging literature searches for cold-heat intervention experiments and radial pulse diagnoses. Results Sample size of 60 subjects was calculated based on an effect size derived from the previous study designed to detect the pre-post cold-heat differences in the radial pulse. Each subjects will be randomly assigned to the cold (first) to heat (last) group (n=30) or heat (first) to cold (last) group (n=30). All subjects will fill out a case report form and questionnaires related with pattern identification, dietary patterns, sleep quality, and physical activity will be surveyed and used as a secondary outcomes. Safety assessment will be reported at the final stage. Conclusions This protocol will provide an additional reference to future studies related with observation of radial pulse during any interventions and also expect to be used as a guideline for acquisition of reliable radial pulse wave data.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Objectives : The aims of the current study were to assess the reliability and validity of the CoRe-Ditec-BS Questionnaire-II (BSQ-II; Blood stasis questionnaire-II) with 8 items including 5 items related women added to BSQ-I that was consisted of 36 items and developed in 2013. Methods : Between May 2014 and November 2014, 411 patients from 3 traditional Korean medical hospitals were asked to complete the BSQ-II. Each patient was independently diagnosed with BSS by two traditional Korean medical physicians from the same site. We estimated the internal consistency using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, the discriminant validity using the means score of BSS, and the predictive validity using logistic regression (sensitivity and specificity). Results : The BSQ-II had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient=0.765) and validity, with significant differences in the mean scores between the BSS($63.60{\pm}9.56$) and non-BSS groups($48.36{\pm}5.93$). The area under the receiver operating curve was about 98%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.4% and 94.9%, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that the CoRE-Ditec-BSQ-II is more reliable and valid instrument for estimating BSS than BSQ-I.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of impact conditions on the acoustic characteristics of a watermelon. The study was crucial to develop a device for nondestructive internal quality evaluation of a watermelon by an acoustic impulse response method. An impact device was constructed with a pendulum to hit the watermelon, a microphone to detect the acoustic impulse responses, and a digital oscilloscope and computer to store and analyze the data. The selected samples were Guemcheon cultivar watermelons(Citrulus Vulgaris Schrad) harvested on Oct. 20,1998. Sixty watermelons were tested on flour different types of sample holders, with four kinds of ball made of different materials, at four bevels of the angular position of the pendulum and distance from the watermelon to the microphone. Since the magnitudes of frequencies obtained by hitting with the steel and rubber ball were relatively small at the bandwidths of above 500 Hz, it was shown that the steel and rubber ball were not suitable far a hitting ball in the pendulum to get informations on internal quality of the watermelon. In case of using broth of the wood and acryl ball, almost the same and good acoustic responses were shown on the wide range of frequency bandwidth. Therefore, it seemed that the acryl ball was more suitable to the test than the wood ball in considering its mechanical properties. The acoustic characteristics of the watermelon were not shown a significant difference between the types of sample holder. The amplitudes of the acoustic signals and the magnitudes of frequencies from the whole samples increased with increase of the angular position of pendulum and with decrease of the distance from the watermelon to the microphone. However, the resonance resonance of the sample were almost the same regardless of the angular positions and the distances.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 2008

The outputs from the fundamental research program of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) were analyzed using the research budget and manpower as input variables. The analysis was performed based on the research outputs of the past 3 years (FY2004 to 2006). More articles and patents came out in applied and development research areas among the geosciences fields. The statistical analysis indicates that each sub-field has different characteristics in research outputs. Research articles, patents, and research budget increase as the manpower increase. But research articles and patents do not always show positive relations to research budget.