• 지능정보연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

정보통신기술의 발전과 디지털 기기의 대중화로 인해, 온라인 시장의 규모가 커지고 있다. 그 결과 고객들은 상품을 선택하는데 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되는 정보 과부하(Information Overload) 문제에 직면하고 있다. 따라서 고객이 선호할만한 상품을 추천해 주는 추천 시스템은 필수적인 도구가 되었으며 협업 필터링(Collaborative Filtering) 기법은 가장 널리 쓰이는 추천 방법이다. 전통적인 추천 시스템은 평점과 같은 정량적인 데이터만을 사용하기 때문에 추천의 정확도는 높지 않다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 요즘에는 사용자 리뷰와 같은 정성적 데이터를 반영하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 협업 필터링의 일반적인 절차는 사용자-상품 행렬 생성, 이웃 집단 탐색, 추천 목록 생성 3단계로 구성되며 코사인 같은 사용자 유사도를 사용하여 목표 고객의 이웃을 탐색하며, 추천 상품 목록을 생성한다. 본 연구에서는 이웃 집단 탐색 및 추천 목록 생성 단계에서 사용하는 사용자 간의 유사도를 기존의 사용자 평점을 이용한 유사도에 고객의 리뷰 데이터를 사용하는 확장된 사용자 유사도를 제시한다. 리뷰를 정량화 하기 위해 본 연구에서는 텍스트 마이닝을 활용한다. 즉, 리뷰 데이터에 TF-IDF, Word2Vec, 그리고 Doc2Vec 기법을 사용하여 두 사용자 간의 리뷰 유사도를 구한 후 사용자 평점을 사용한 유사도와 리뷰 유사도를 결합한 확장된 유사도를 생성하는 것이다. 이를 검증하기 위해 전자상거래 사이트인 Amazon의 'Health and Personal Care'의 사용자 평점과 리뷰 데이터를 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 사용자 간 유사도를 산출할 때 기존의 평점에 기반한 유사도만을 사용하는 것보다, 사용자 리뷰의 유사도를 추가로 반영한 확장된 유사도를 사용하면 추천의 정확도가 높아진다는 것을 확인했다. 또한, 여러 텍스트 마이닝 기법 중에서 TF-IDF 기법을 사용한 확장된 유사도를 이웃 집단 탐색 및 추천 목록 생성단계에서 사용할 때의 성능이 가장 좋게 나타났다.

• 청정기술
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2023

천연 고분자 이중 네트워크를 기반으로 하는 하이드로젤은 뛰어난 생체 적합성, 낮은 세포 독성, 높은 함수율을 가져 다양한 의학 분야 재료로서 우수한 성능을 가지며 생체 조직 내 표적 약물 전달 시스템에의 응용에도 많은 주목을 받고 있지만 상대적으로 약한 기계적 물성에 의한 한계를 가진다. 본 연구에서는 천연 고분자 산화 알지네이트(alginate di-aldehyde, ADA)와 젤라틴(gelatin)이 형성하는 이중 네트워크 기반의 하이드로젤을 합성하였으며 하이드로젤 내부의 기능기와 수소 결합을 할 수 있는 다량의 수산기(-OH) 기능기를 가지는 과분지 고분자(hyperbranched polyglycerol, HPG)를 0~25%의 범위로 조절하여 첨가하여 최종적으로 기계적 물성이 향상된 천연 고분자 기반 하이드로젤을 합성하였다. 또한, 자철석 나노 입자(Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs))를 하이드로젤 내부에 in-situ 방법으로 합성하여 자성이 부여된 천연고분자 하이드로젤의 제조 및 특성 분석을 진행하였다. 결과적으로 Fe₃O₄ NPs를 도입한 15% HPG 함량의 하이드로젤은 3.8 emu g^-1의 포화자화 값을 가지는 초상자성을 보였고, 변형률 67.4%에서 최대 압축 강도 1.1 MPa으로 높은 기계적 물성을 가졌다. 향상된 기계적 물성을 가지는 천연 고분자 기반의 초상자성 하이드로젤은 약물 전달 시스템 및 생체 재료에 매우 중요한 잠재적 용도가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.517-527
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 추출 수율 및 소재의 풍미를 높일 수 있는 EE와 CE를 통해 명일엽과 돌미나리 착즙박 추출물을 제조하여 추출물의 정미 성분인 유리아미노산, 유기산, 당류와 항산화 특성인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, TPC, TFC를 비교분석하여 명일엽과 돌미나리 착즙박 추출물의 업사이클 가능성을 검토해 보고자 하였다. 유리아미노산의 함량은 명일엽 착즙박은 EE가, 돌미나리 착즙박은 CE가 더 높은 추출 효율을 가졌으며, 착즙 전 원물로 제조한 추출물에 비해 높은 추출 효율을 나타냈다. AKEE의 주요 아미노산은 leucine, alanine, aspartic acid, AKCE의 주요 아미노산은 valine, alanine, aspartic acid 이다. OJEE의 주요 아미노산은 leucine, aspartic acid, arginine, OJCE의 주요 아미노산은 valine, aspartic acid, arginine으로 추출물의 특성에 맞게 사용한다면 식품의 풍미 향상과 더불어 기능성 소재로의 활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 유기산과 당류 함량은 명일엽, 돌미나리 착즙박 공통적으로 CE의 추출 효율이 높았다. 추출방법에 따라 유기산 및 당류의 조성이 상이하기 때문에 신맛과 단맛의 패턴이 다르게 나타나며 산도 조절과 같은 기능적 특성도 예상할 수 있다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 TPC 함량은 명일엽, 돌미나리 착즙박 공통적으로 CE의 추출 효율이 높았다. 이는 CE에 사용한 에탄올과 페놀성 화합물이 반응하여 추출 함량이 증대 된 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 폴리페놀 함량이 높아질수록 DPPH라디칼 소거능이 높아지고 있어 양의 상관관계 성립을 예측할 수 있었다. 하지만 착즙 전 원물 추출물 대비 착즙박 추출물의 항산화능은 다소 낮은 수준이므로 사용량에 대한 검토가 필요하다. TFC 함량은 명일엽 착즙박 추출물은 CE 대비 EE 에서 더 높은 추출 효율을 가지지만, 돌미나리 착즙박 추출물에서는 EE와 CE의 통계적 유의성이 없게 나타났다. 이는, 착즙박 추출물에 가해진 효소의 활성 조건이 착즙박의 세포벽 결합 구조를 파괴하여 플라보노이드의 추출을 유도할 때 AKEE에서는 적합하였지만, OJEE에서는 부적합하여 다른 경향의 결과를 나타내는 것으로 유추해 볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 명일엽과 돌미나리 녹즙 제조 후 생성되는 착즙박을 활용한 추출물의 정미 성분과 항산화 특성을 분석하였고 고부가가치 소재의 이용성 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 실용화를 위한 구체적 연구개발의 확대가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2024

이 연구의 목적은 스포츠 분야 사회적기업을 둘러싸고 발생하는 여러 문제점들을 조직의 관점에서 진단하고 필요한 과제 및 시사점을 도출하는 데 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 크게 세 가지 단계로 구분하여 연구를 진행, 결과를 도출하였다. 첫 번째로는 스포츠 분야 사회적기업의 주요 현황 및 특성 등에 대하여 살펴보았다. 배경 및 기원, 법제 및 정책, 조직목표, 조직구조 및 절차, 조직특성 등의 측면을 중심으로 현황을 분석하였다. 스포츠 분야 사회적기업은 초기단계로서 정부의 사회적기업 정책목표는 재정투입을 통해 단기간 내 사회적기업의 수를 늘리는 것에 초점을 맞추는 경향이 있었다. 그리고 개별 기업들의 수익창출 여력이 미흡하여 정부의 보조금 지원에 의존하는 경우가 대다수인 것으로 파악되었다. 두 번째 단계에서는 스포츠 분야 사회적기업의 기능수행에 영향을 미치는 상황적 요인에 대하여 중점적으로 살펴보았다. 상황적 요인인 조직의 가치와 이념, 기술, 역사 등을 검토한 결과, 스포츠 분야 사회적기업으로 인증 받아 중앙정부나 지방자치단체로부터 지원을 받는 경우 정치적 통제는 어느 정도 강하고 시장에 노출 정도는 심하지 않은 '관청형' 조직의 형태로 나타나는 것을 도출할 수 있었다. 마지막 세 번째 단계에서는 스포츠 분야 사회적기업에 적정한 조직의 형태를 갖추기 위한 과제 및 시사점을 도출하였다. 스포츠 분야 사회적 기업 생태계가 어느 정도 정착된 이후에는 현재의 '관청형' 조직에서 '국민기업' 조직으로 점차 나아갈 필요가 있다. 이는 정부의 제한된 재정 수준을 감안해서도 그러하며, 단기적인 생존이 아니라 장기적으로 스포츠 분야 사회적기업이라는 조직이 살아남을 수 있기 위해서도 그러한 것이다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.99-123
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• 2019

지식 정보화 시대에 대표적인 고부가가치 산업으로서 소프트웨어 산업에 대한 중요성이 증대되고 있으며, 그 중에서도 오픈소스 소프트웨어는 소스코드 공개, 자유로운 수정과 배포, 공급업체에 대한 의존성 탈피, 비용 절감과 같은 이점을 바탕으로 빠르게 활동 영역을 확장해가고 있다. 특히, 오픈소스 소프트웨어는 클라우드, 사물인터넷, 인공지능, 빅데이터 등과 같은 새로운 정보기술과 접목하여 활용도가 높을 것으로 예상되고 소프트웨어의 신기술 발전을 주도할 수 있다는 점에서 다양한 긍정적인 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 전망되고 있다. 글로벌 IT 기업들은 이러한 오픈소스 소프트웨어를 비즈니스 혁신을 위해 적극적으로 활용하고 있으며 국내에서도 오픈소스 소프트웨어를 활성화하기 위한 관련정책과 기업들의 노력이 이어지고 있다. 오픈소스 소프트웨어가 주목 받음에 따라 이와 관련된 연구도 활발하게 진행되고 있으나 조직들이 어떠한 이유로 기존의 비공개 소프트웨어에서 오픈소스 소프트웨어로 전환하게 되는가에 하는 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 인간의 이주행동을 설명하는데 유용한 이론적 틀로 알려진 Push-Pull-Mooring 프레임워크를 기반으로 오픈소스 소프트웨어로의 전환에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 제안하고 그 관계를 실증분석을 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 관련 기업에서 수집된 총 268부를 바탕으로 본 연구에서 제안한 연구모형의 가설을 검증하였다. 연구결과, push 요소인 지속적 유지비용, 벤더 의존성, 기능적 무차별성, SW 자원의 비효율성, 그리고 pull 요소인 네트워크 기반지원, 시험 가능성, 전략적 유연성이 오픈소스 소프트웨어 전환에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 지식수준향상은 유의 하지 않은 것으로 판명 되었다. 또한, Mooring 효과로 관리자의 SW 경쟁력 확보의지는 push와 pull요소 중 지식수준향상과 OSS 전환 관계를 제외한 모든 관계를 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 오픈소스 소프트웨어에 대한 연구를 확장할 수 있는 기반을 제공하고 관련 기업들에게 OSS로의 전환에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.298-307
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• 2009

본 연구는 MR T2 map기법을 이용하여 슬관절염이 없는 건강한 사람과 관절염이 있는 환자의 연골의 T2값 변화를 측정하여 슬관절 연골의 형태 및 손상 정도를 평가하고 아울러 T2 map기법의 유용성에 대하여 고찰해 보고자 한다. 과거 병력 및 현재 임상적으로 슬관절염이 없는 건강한 사람 30명과 2007년 11월부터 2008년 12월까지 무릎 통증으로 내원한 환자 중 단순 방사선 촬영에서 슬관절염 소견이 보이는 환자 30명을 대상으로 multi-echo 방식(TR: 1,000 ms, TE values (6.5, 13, 19.5, 26, 32.5. 40, 45.5, 52))인 T2 SE (spin echo) sequence를 이용하여 슬관절 연골 T2 SE 영상을 획득 하였다. 획득한 영상을 바탕으로 슬관절 연골 내 구역별 신호강도(S.I)의 변화를 측정하고 이를 Origin 7.0 Professional (northampton, MA 01060 USA)을 이용하여 평균 T2값을 산출하였다. 산출된 T2값은 독립표본검정(Independent samples T-test, SPSS win 12.0)을 이용하여 건강한 그룹과 슬관절염 그룹에 대한 정량적 분석을 시행, 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다. 건강한 그룹과 슬관절염 그룹의 시상면과 관상면의 내, 외측 관절연골에 대한 각각의 T2 값은 시상면에서는 대퇴연골의 경우 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($42.22{\pm}2.91$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($36.26{\pm}5.01$)보다 크게 나타났고 경골 연골의 경우도 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($43.83{\pm}1.43$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($36.45{\pm}3.15$)보다 크게 나타났다. 관상면에서는 내측 대퇴연골의 경우 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($45.65{\pm}7.10$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($36.49{\pm}8.41$)보다 크게 나타났고 내측 경골 연골의 경우도 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($44.46{\pm}3.44$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($37.61{\pm}1.97$)보다 크게 나타났다. 외측 대퇴연골의 경우 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($43.41{\pm}4.99$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($37.64{\pm}4.02$)보다 크게 나타났고 외측 경골 연골의 경우도 슬관절염 그룹의 평균 T2값($43.78{\pm}8.08$)이 건강한 그룹의 평균 T2값($36.62{\pm}7.81$) 보다 크게 나타났다. 슬관절염이 있는 환자인 경우 T2 map기법을 이용하여 지금까지 사용되었던 형태학적 MR 영상화 방법과 더불어 연골의 구조적, 기능적 변화를 정량적으로 분석함으로써 연골질환의 조기 진단에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2005

목적: 방사선치료의 핵심 장비인 선형가속기의 10년간 고장 기록을 분석하여 효율적인 관리 지표로 활용하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 4월부터 2004년 12월까지 10년 8개월간 의공기술과에서 기록한 장비 수리일지와 사용자가 기록한 업무일지의 내용을 통계분석을 통해 관리실태를 분석했다. 장비 장애 요인을 다각적으로 분석하기 위해 고장 원인을 치료기 부위별로 세분했고, 고장 발생 시 치료업무에 미치는 영향에 따라 세 단계로 구분하여 조사했다. 또한, 장비 사용량이 고장에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 연간 치료 환자 수와 고장건수, 중요 부속의 평균 수명, 수리비용 등을 분석했다. 결과: 10년간 발생한 전체 고장건수는 587건이였으며, 이중 조사헤드부의 고장이 전체 건수의 $20\%$ 차지해 가장 높게 나타났고, 고장이 미치는 영향에서는 일시적 장애에 해당하는 '조사능력 저하'상태의 고장이 $41\%$를 차지해 가장 높았다. 고장 부위에 따른 장애 영향 분석에서는 장애 등급이 가장 높은 '조사 불가능'상태의 고장이 가속부에서 전체 건수의 약 $10\%$를 차지해 가장 높게 나타났으며, 고장과 관련된 각종 지표 및 수리비용은 사용연수 및 치료건수가 증가함에 따라 함께 증가했다. 중요 부속의 평균 수명은 클라이스트론과 싸이라트론의 경우 치료건수가 증가함에 따라 교체 주기가 빨라져 각각 제조사 권고치의 $42\%,\;83\%$ 수준이었다. 결론; 안정적인 치료서비스 제공을 위해서는 사용 연수가 증가함에 따라 장비 관리의 필요성이 더욱 중요시되어야하며, 10년간 장비 관리기록을 통해 얻은 각종 지표가 향후 예방적 관리의 좋은 지침이 될 것으로 생각된다.방사선으로 인한 폐손상 시에 항섬유증 약물로의 사용가능성을 확인하였다.방향으로 2.1 mm, 그리고 SI 방향으로 1.7 mm이다. 결론: 연구 결과 SSD, CLD, 클립의 움직임 및 isocenter의 위치변화 측면에서 분석될 경우 그다지 큰 오차는 발생하지 않았음을 보여준다. 그러므로 본 연구결과 유방암 환자의 경우 진단용 CT를 사용한다 하더라도 준비오차는 모의 CT를 사용하는 경우와 비교하여 차이가 없음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 모의치료와 CT스캔 사이의 준비오차를 감소하기 위해서는 CT 영상 획득 시 환자 위치고정에 특별한 주의를 기울여야 한다.EX>$\alpha/\beta$=10인 경우 $62.0\~121.9\;Gy_{10}$ (중앙값: $93.0\;Gy_{10}$)의 분포를, ${\alpha/\beta}=3$인 경우 $93.6\~187.3\;Gy_3$ (중앙값=$137.6\;Gy_3$ )의 분포를 보였다. MD-BED $Gy_3$는 직장합병증 발생과의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하였고, 방광합병증과는 유의하지 않았다. 직장합병증과의 연관성은 MD-BED $Gy_3$보다 개별 환자의 직장전벽 총 선량 BED값인 R-BED $Gy_3$가 훨씬 더 높았다. 요도카테터 풍선의 후방지점이 대변하는 방광의 총 선량 BED값인 V-BED $Gy_3$도 방광합병증과 경향성 테스트에서 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 하지만, 어떠한 방사선선량도 골반제어율과 의미 있는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 본 기관에서 주치의의 선호도에 따라 강내근접치료가 외부방사선치료의 중간에 시행되는

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.