• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.43-49
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• 2006

Purpose: Changes of degenerative disc have been analyzed or with the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to assign appropriate meaning, and the relationship between the degenerative changes of the discs and its living function has been evaluated through the living function evaluation scores collected by functional rating index. Methods: in April, 2006, a physical examination was conducted for physical laborers to be employed as on-site laborer in a steel industrial complex located at a region. A month later, these 20 laborers who participated in lumbar vertebra MRI tests have been investigated for one-to-one mobile phone functional rating index test. Excluding 3 of 14 respondents whom scored 0 in functional rating index, the rest of respondents' degenerative disc grade changes shown in MRI and its relationship to living functional rating index have been performed. Results: The Dabbs method of measuring disc height resulted to show significant increase as the disc height changes from L1-2 level to L5-S1 level (p<0.01). However, there was no statistical significance with a relationship between disc height and functional rating index, and disc height average. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging analysis regard on the degree of disc degeneration and its relationship to living functional rating proved to have significant relationship (p<0.05). Conclusion: The degenerative changes monitored by Magnetic Resonance Imaging show significant relationship (p<0.05) to living function. However, this relationship could vary depend upon the characteristics of study population. So, it suggested that the future studies should be performed by considering population's age and job career.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 1983

This study was to investigate the effect of functional pressures of the tongue and lips on the incisor relationship. The incisor relationship was devided into two categories; one is vertical relationship which is subdevided into open bite, normal overbite and deep bite on the basis of overbite, and the other is anteroposterior relationship which is subdevided into cross bite, normal overjet and large overjet on the basis of overjet. The functional tongue and lip pressures exerted to incisors were measured with subminiature pressure sense from the 99 subjects, 19 of normal overbite and overjet, 26 of open bite, 18 of deep bite, 17 of cross bite and 19 of large overjet with age of 17-20, and cephalograms were taken from the same subjects. Functional pressures were analyzed and correlated to craniofacial veriables. The results of present investigation led to the following conclusions. 1. There were no differences in functional and maximum pressures by the tongue and lips exerted to maxillary incisors between normal occlusion, open bite, deep bite, cross bite and large overjet. 2. Significant differences in functional and maximum pressures by the tongue and lips exerted to mandibular incisors have been shown to exist between open bite and deep bite, but no differences between cross bite and large overjet. 3. Equilibrium between tongue pressures and lip pressures did not exist. 4. Significant differences in the ratio of upper functional and maximum pressures to lower pressures of the tongue and lips exerted to upper and lower incisors have been shown to exist between open bite and deep bite, and no differences between cross bite and large overjet. 5, There was significant correlation between functional and maximum pressures exerted to mandibular incisors and craniofacial variables, but not significant correlation between functional and maximum pressures exerted to maxillary incisors and craniofacial variables.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation of self-efficacy in the relationship between anger and the functional health of homeless men in order to provide a basis for planning nursing interventions to improve the functional health of homeless persons. Methods: The participants were 137 homeless men who lived in homeless shelters or visited one center serving free meals for homeless persons in Seoul. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed with the SPSS-WIN 20.0 program. The instruments were the Functional Health Pattern Screening Assessment Tool (FHPAST), Self-efficacy Scale (SES), and State-trait Anger Expression Inventory-Korean version (STAXI-K). Results: The mean score for functional health was 2.41. Overall self-efficacy was 70.82. state anger was 16.53, trait anger was 19.54, and anger expression was 25.31. There were signigicant correlations among the 3 variables, functional health, self-efficacy, and anger. Also, self-efficacy had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between anger and functional health. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, health management programs focusing on anger management and self-efficacy improvement are highly recommended to promote functional health in homeless persons.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-42
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• 2019

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors influencing global expansion/scalability of Kenyan Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Factor analysis and multiple/multivariate regression analysis to determine the functional relationship between independent variables (factors) and the dependent variable was used. The independent variables were: innovation & technology, fitness/appropriateness of management, global marketing strategy; and support environment and the dependent variable, global expansion/scalability. Data was collected from a survey of randomly selected firms of 205, drawn from a population of 440 firms from Kenya Manufacturers Directory, with 175 firms responding. The key findings from the research in relation to Kenyan SMEs were that: there is a functional relationship between global market strategy and global expansion; there is a functional relationship between innovation and technology orientation and global expansion, there is no significant functional relationship between supportive environment of firms and their global expansion; and there is no significant functional relationship between fitness/appropriateness of management and global expansion/scalability. The implications for practice is that the ranking of the factors in order of priority supports focusing concern on the orientation of business strategy toward global market strategy, market research geared at obtaining foreign market intelligence, innovation and technology, product adaptation, service orientation, collaborative ventures, and long-range vision as key factors in making Kenyan firms successful in the international market. The implication for policy and practice is that there is need for collaboration between industry and government in pursuing policies for global expansion/scalability and among SMEs and large enterprises particularly in areas of rapid technological change.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.3
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• pp.99-131
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate relational benefits affecting the relationship quality and the existence of differences to which relational benefits are most important to the customers across the type of services that customer buys and customer's relationship orientation in how they orientate their relationships with service firms. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, all relational benefits, economic, social, psychological, functional benefits, is related the relationship quality. Second, There is a difference in the perceived relative importance of relational benefits that customers will lead to the establishment of a long-term relationship across the type of service. The more service is customized, the less economic benefits affect relationship quality and the more psychological benefits affect relationship quality. however there isn't a difference in the effect of functional benefits on relationship quality across the types of service, functional benefits are a important benefits both situations. Third, There is a difference in the perceived relative importance of relational benefits that customer will lead to the establishment of a long-term relationship across customers. The more customers orientate their relationships with service firms, the more psychological benefits affect relationship quality. The less customers orientate their relationships with service firms, the more economic and functional benefits affect relationship quality. However there isn't a difference in the effect of social benefits on relationship quality across customers. In addition to, relationship orientation is related to demographic facets such as sex-type, age and income. Male is higher relationship orientation than female. The more customers are older, the more they orientate their relationships with service firms and the more customers have income, the more they orientate their relationships with service firms.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2004

This study investigates 55 preservice secondary mathematics teachers' situational understanding of functional relationship. Functional thinking is fundamental and useful because it develops students' quantitative thinking about the world and analytical thinking about complex situations through examination of the relations between interdependent factors. Functional thinking is indispensable for understanding natural phenomena, for investigation by science, and for the technological inventions in engineering and navigation. Therefore, it goes without saying that teachers should be able to represent and communicate about various functional situations in the course of teaching and learning functional relationships to develop students' functional thinking. The result of this study illustrates that many preservice teachers were not able to appropriately represent and communicate about various functional situations. Additionally, it shows that most preservice teachers have limited understanding of the value of teaching function.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.117-144
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• 2010

This paper planned to review positively the influence of leading variables - Functional benefits, Emotional benefits, Self-expressive benefits over Consumer-brand relationship, and the structural relationship between Consumer-brand relationship and Brand attachment, Word-of-mouse. For it, we verified our hypothesis utilizing Hierarchial chi-square analysis that was available to statistically verify the size between 2 paths out of Structural models As the result of research, Emotional benefits was more influential than Functional benefits in the formation of Consumer-brand relationship. Additionally, the influential difference between Emotional benefits and Self-expressive benefits was not found in the formation of Consumer-brand relationship. In other words, both Emotional benefits and Functional benefits were proved to have a positive influence on forming Consumer-brand relationship. On the other hand, Self expressive benefits played a more influential role than Functional benefit in the formation of Consumer-brand relationship. The fact was also proved that the higher the formation level of Consumer -brand relationship was, the greater positive influence over Brand attachment and Word-of-mouse Through the above results, it is more desirable to establish brand strategy for forming Consumer-brand relationship through Emotional benefits and Self expressive benefits rather than Functional benefits. Additionally, the Consumer-brand relationship formed by Value benefit is expected not only to get the level of attachment, showing like love, toward the brand deeper, but also to achieve the effect of positive, long term communication through voluntary Word-of-mouse.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.135-152
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• 2005

As the most widely used media of BtoB e-business, the e-Marketplace can be a way of BtoB e-buisness continuously in the age of c-Commerce with the functional collaborative integration between the e-Marketplace and corporate systems. Moreover, collaborative operations like QR, VMI and so on have shown a great efficiency in the area of BtoB supply chain management. However, some critical considerations are discussed in the selection of trade partners between the e-Marketplace and the SCM. In e-Marketplaces, the intermediation to select partnersusually focuses on the competitive process for lower price. However, in the SCM, the relationship with strategic alliance is more importantly addressed for efficiency. Considering the trend to c-Commerce in Internet commerce, the approach to the collaborative relationship in BtoB commerce has important meanings. In this paper, we proposed and appraised an architecture where the e-Marketplace can be an elelctronic functional method for the relationship based BtoB e-business from the viewpoint of SCM and c-Commerce.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to establish relationship between allergic diseases and functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents using objective criteria and questionnaires. Methods This study surveyed 237 children and adolescents who visited the department of Pediatrics of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medicine Hospital from September 23rd, 2013 to December 26th, 2013. The Korean version of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and the Korean-translated Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III (QPGS-Rome III) were used. We analyzed the data by using PASW Statistics 18.0 with Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Linear by linear association. Results There was no significant difference between prevalence of allergic diseases and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Also, there was no strong relationship between the number of allergic diseases and the functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, some parts showed significant relationships - such as asthma symptoms ever and belch; asthma symptoms last 12 months and belch; allergic rhinitis diagnosis ever and belly aches and abdominal pain around and below the belly button; allergic rhinitis treatment last 12 months and belly aches and abdominal pain around and below the belly button; and atopic dermatitis diagnosis ever and irritable bowel syndrome (respectively; p=0.046, p=0.008, p=0.004, p=0.029, p=0.035). And as the number of allergic diseases increases, the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders are 19.4%, 31.3%, 41.7%, 31.0% respectively. Conclusions Although there was no significant relationship between allergic diseases and functional gastrointestinal disorders, some gastrointestinal symptoms were related to allergic diseases.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.313-324
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• 2022

This study aims to quantitatively understand the influence of changes in functional cosmetics purchasing sentiment on purchasing behavior and purchase satisfaction after the COVID-19 pandemic and present empirical analysis results regarding the rapidly changing cosmetics consumption market. This study empirically analyzed the structural relationship between non-face-to-face service purchase behavior, functional cosmetics purchase behavior, and functional cosmetics purchase satisfaction to predict purchase behavior of functional cosmetics by psychological characteristics after COVID-19. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science) program and Amos 21.0, and correlation analysis was performed to understand the relationship between consumers' purchasing behaviors of functional cosmetics according to their perception of risk of COVID-19 carried out.Summarizing the results of this study, it was found that the higher the anxiety after the corona outbreak, the higher the non-face-to-face service purchase behavior and the functional cosmetics purchase behavior. It was found that purchase satisfaction increased when purchasing behavior of functional cosmetics increased, but purchase satisfaction decreased as anxiety increased after the outbreak of Corona.In this study, a sample of 1452 people were used as research data, and the theoretical implications for the development of functional cosmetics were presented by confirming the effect of changes in non-face-to-face service purchase behavior according to psychological characteristics after Corona 19 on consumer satisfaction.