• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 1995

Functional imaging based on the susceptibility only is achieved by separation of the susceptibility effect from the mixture of flow effect by use of a tailored RF pulse in conjunction with gradient echo sequence. Using the tailored RF pulse the susceptibility enhanced functional imaging appears to be explicitly related to the deoxygenation processes, while in the conventional gradient echo technique functional contrast on $T2^{*}$ effect images appear to be mixed with a significant fraction of blood flow (in- flow) signals of both arterial as well as venous bloods due to the nature of the fast sequence employed with the gradient echo technique. In this paper, using the tailored RF pulses, one can unambiguously separate the susceptibility and flow effects in functional imaging. Since the signal obtained can be made sufficiently high and represents oxygenation process more accurately, it seems possible to study quantitative oxygen metabolisms in brain function hitherto difficult to do with other gradient echo techniques.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2003

To develop a functional chungkookjang; the anticancer effects of chungkookjangs prepared with different varieties of soybeans, starters, fermentation periods and seasoning additive ratios; were studied against AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells using the MTT assay, at different stages chungkookjang processing. The chungkookjang samples exerted different antiproliferative effects according to the variety of soybeans used. The chungkookjangs manufactured with soybean var. manrikong exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against AGS human cancer cells. The chungkookjangs fermented with rice straw and B. licheniformis strongly inhibited the growth of the AGS human cancer cells. All fermented chungkookjangs had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of the cancer cells; however, the non-fermented soybean (chungkookjang) showed a low inhibition rate. The fermented chungkookjangs mixed with red pepper powder (RPP) and garlic exhibited strong antiproliferative effect against the cancer cells, and chungkookjang prepaved with 1.1 % RPP and 1.1 % garlic showed the highest cytotoxicity against the cancer cells. The functional chungkookjang fermented with soybean variety of manrikong and B. licheniformis for 3 days at 4$0^{\circ}C$ and then mixed with 7.9% salt, 1.l% RPP and 1.1% garlic, exhibited a higher antiproliferative effect than the chungkookjangs prepared by traditional or modified methods, according to the MTT assay. The functional chungkookjang exhibited a similar anticancer effect to the traditional doenjang. These results indicate that the fermentation period and the ratio of seasoning additives, as well as the variety of soybeans and starter cultures may affect the degree of the anticancer effect of chungkookjang.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate comfort levels of functional and non-functional chairs using subjective comfort rating, interface pressure measurement, muscle activity measurement, and skin temperature measurement. Background: Chairs are used for a prolonged period of time for sitting in many places such as the office, at university, at school, in industry, and so on. Almost all people use chairs in their everyday life. The functional properties of the chair are associated with comfort. Method: The subjective evaluation contains questions regarding chair comfort which can be rated with five point scale. The body-seat interface pressure was measured using a pressure mat system. The symmetry of sitting was measured using electromyography. The change in body part (thigh and buttock) temperature before and after sitting on a chair was measured with an infrared camera. Results: Participants rated significantly (p < 0.05) higher comfort scores for the functional chair in relation to the buttock and thigh region. Also, the participants felt a better cushion effect in the functional chair. When using the functional chair, lower interface pressure, better thermal comfort, and better symmetry of erector spinae muscle activity were observed. Conclusion: Overall, interface pressure measurement, muscle activity measurement, thermal imaging and subjective comfort score results showed that the functional chair was more comfortable than the non-functional chair. Application: The adopted methodologies could be used to measure the seating comfort of train seats.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of foot strengthening exercise program and functional insoles on joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Thirteen elderly women who were enrolled in a university senior citizens academy of a metropolitan city in 2017 were divided into two groups: exercise group with functional insole (n=7) and exercise group without functional insole (n=6). Method: Three-dimensional motion analysis and Pedar-X were performed to compute the joint angle and the foot plantar pressure, respectively. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to compare dependent variables within and between groups. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: The range of motion (ROM) of the ankle, knee, and hip joints in the exercise group with functional insole increased significantly more than the exercise group without functional insole. In both the experimental group and the comparison group, the maximum foot plantar pressure and the mean foot plantar pressure were decreased, but the comparison group without functional insole showed more decrease. Since the experimental group demonstrated greater pressure than the comparison group in the contact area (forefoot, midfoot), it was distributed over a greater area. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that participation in foot strengthening exercises and using a functional insole has more positive effects than foot strengthening exercises alone on the joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Increased foot plantar pressure led to an increased contact area (forefoot, midfoot) for distribution of the foot plantar pressure, but the effect of reducing the maximum and average plantar pressures was incomplete. However, wearing functional insoles along with exercise, could help in improving the stability of the joints, by increasing the range of motion, and could help the elderly in movement of the muscles more effectively, leading to an improvement in gait function.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2014

We investigated noodles supplemented with functional ingredients for their antioxidant properties, including total phenol, flavonoid contents, electron donating, nitrite scavenging abilities and ferrous ion chelating effect. The total polyphenol contents of functional noodles arranged in order of decreasing concentration were kudzu (7.98%) > green tea (4.99%) > pumpkin (5.03%) > mulberry leaves (4.99%) > mugwort (4.23%) > cactus (3.57%) > kelp (3.33). The total flavonoid contents in green tea noodles were the highest as 4.35%. The electron donating ability in mugwort noodle was the highest as 12.27% at 1,000 ppm. This amount was 4.85 times than that of wheat flour noodle (2.53%). The nitrite scavenging ability of functional noodles at pH 1.2 arranged in order of decreasing concentration were green tea (66.52%) > cactus (55.12%) > kudzu (52.67%) > pumpkin (50.50%) > mulberry leaves (43.58%) > kelp (41.41%) > mugwort (37.66). The nitrite-scavenging ability of green tea noodle was lower than ascorbic acid (natural antioxidant) 77.83%, while that of green tea noodle was similar with BHT (artificial antioxidant) 69.45%. The ferrous ion chelating effect of noodles containing kelp were the highest as 27.02%. All of the experimental results showed good antioxidant property. Thus, noodles supplemented with mulberry leaves, cactus, mugwort, green tea, pumpkin, kelp or kudzu, demonstrated to have good functional effects for human health.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2018

The antioxidant properties of mushroom and sea tangle extracts and mustard leaf added to Kimchi were investigated by total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS anion scavenging, FRAP reducing power, and ORAC value. Total phenolic content of functional Kimchi (FK) was significantly higher than that of control Kimchi (CK). DPPH radical and ABTS anion scavenging activities of functional Kimchi were significantly higher than those of control Kimchi by 2.7 and 1.7 fold, respectively (p<0.05). Also, the FRAP reducing power and ORAC value of functional Kimchi increased compared to those of the control Kimchi by 1.6 and 1.1 fold, respectively (p<0.05). Our results suggest that functional Kimchi made by mushroom and sea tangle extracts and mustard leaf may be a potent antioxidant source and could be developed as a antioxidant functional food that may be for the effective treatment of oxidant conditions. Through continuous research and development of functional Kimchi by the use of mushroom and sea tangle extracts, it will be necessary to try to identify other functions that could be useful for preventing various diseases.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

This paper examines key determinants and the effect of country-of-origin on customer's purchase intention of functional food and dietary supplement product in Vietnam. Exploratory study was identified to evaluate personal and social factors on customer's buying behavior. Twenty-eight reflective constructs were adapted from literature and designed by using a seven-point Likert scale to facilitate measurement. By using non-probability convenience sampling, data was collected from a survey of 242 Vietnamese who have experienced in buying functional and supplement food. This paper employed partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as a technique employed to analyze the measurement and structural models. The findings provide evidence that social prestige customer perceives and their positive attitude toward functional food which are main factors influencing on consumers' purchase intention. Customer's perceived prestige plays an important role in decision-making process to purchase. The higher social prestige taken up in consumers' mind, the higher consumers' purchase intention is. Moreover, the more positive attitude customer holds toward functional food, the higher consumers' purchase intention. The research results provide useful information in current understanding of what antecedents determine factors influencing customer's intention to purchase functional food and lead to managerial implications for business strategies.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to report the effect of oriental treatments for panic disorder with functional gastrointestinal disturbance. Methods : In this case, a 30 year-old female patient has been suffered by panic disorder with functional gastrointestinal disturbance for 10 years. This case can be caused by KanKiUlKyul(肝氣鬱結), KanKiBeomYi(肝氣犯胃) and KanKiSeungBi(肝氣乘脾). We treated the patient with Herbal medication, Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Relaxation therapy. The effects of treatment were measured by GSRS(Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), BPI(Brief Pain Inventory) and VAS(Visual Analog Scale) Results : As a result of oriental treatments, the symptoms of Panic Disorder with Functional Gastrointestinal Disturbance was improved. Conclusions : These results suggest that oriental treatments have an effect on Panic Disorder with Functional Gastrointestinal Disturbance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.9
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• pp.150-161
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• 2010

In Korea, recent trends indicate an increase in the volume of the functional clothing market. This study investigated the evaluative criteria and information sources of functional clothing according to gender and age. A total of 756 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, MANOVA, and Duncan's test. The main effect of gender on the evaluative criteria and information sources of functional clothing was identified. Compared with male consumers, female consumers gave more importance to price and aesthetic criteria. Female consumers take advice from colleagues and companions, as well as use information obtained from mass media to a greater extent than male consumers. Age was seen to have an effect on evaluative criteria and information sources in purchasing functional clothing. Respondents in their forties and fifties took textile quality and durability more seriously. Information available on the Internet and following the dressing styles of celebrities were preferred by respondents in their twenties.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.295-298
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• 2003

The study investigated the effect of multi-functional fabric on the autonomic nervous function and psychological variables of 20 students. The experimental group exhibited lower values in anxiety, depression, fatigue and stress level and higher emotional level. This study reveals that multi-functional fabrics reduced the low frequency/high frequency power ratio of heart rate variability. These results support the multi-functional fabrics increases cardiac parasympathetic tone. In addition, experimental group were found to have lower heart rate compared with controls. This augmented heart rate in experiment provides support for stablizing autonomic nervous system. In conclusion, multi-functional fabrics may stabilize the autonomic nervous system and psychological symptoms.