• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.163-174
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• 2018

Consumer and property evaluation of wetsuit materials were conducted to obtain useful data for developing competitive products that meet consumer expectations and improving industrial competitiveness. Data were collected through online surveys of 213 domestic consumers who have experienced wearing wetsuit among marine leisure activities. Five types of commercial wet suit materials by brand and four types of commercial wet suit materials with the same quality by thickness were collected. Then, their physical properties, salt water resistance and thermal insulation rate were evaluated and compared. As a result, the most commonly used wetsuit material is 3 to 5 mm thick, and the basic jersey material is bonded on both sides. As a processing for imparting functionality, processing for improving warmth and reducing surface resistance are most frequently used. Consumers often feel uncomfortable when wearing a wetsuit, such as wearing comfort, weight, ease of movement, stretchability, and clothing pressure, which are different from those of casual wear. Also, mechanical strength and warmth were considered to be the most important criteria for selection of wetsuit material for purchase or rental. The mechanical properties of brand A and B were better than those of brand C, D, and E. Resilience and thermal shrinkage were better in brand C, D, and E. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the physical properties due to the difference in thickness of the material at the same quality. Also, it was found that the thicker the material, the more stable it is in the heat. Brand A and B had superior salt water resistance than brand C, D, and E. In the thermal insulation test, brand A and B showed better insulation characteristics than brand C, D, and E, but the types of bonded fabric and surface finishing of materials were thought to have affected. In comparison of the thickness, the thicker the materials, the better the salt resistance and the thermal insulation.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

In the past, the rooftop was a place where a water tank was to be installed, and a space of secretion and concealment such as a warehouse exposed in the air. It was because it was judged to hinder the beauty of a city as a whole without having any functional value per se. However, the roof portion is increasingly being utilized for a space such as a cafe, a pub, and a lounge as the rooftop is highly recognized as a place for leisure activities other than an idle space in modern times. Nonetheless, there are no detailed ordinances and criteria corresponding to such circumstances. For example, in case of the rooftop space, the building code applied to the rooftop space is a legal system when the rooftop was an idle space in the past though people have now accessed more increasingly to the rooftop than in the past. This study investigated the definition on the rooftop space evolved in accordance with the change of the rooftop space and the related legal system in Korea, and conducted a survey for the purpose of performing the field investigation for the analysis of physical status in 117 spaces that form the rooftop space in the rooftop of small-scale commercial facilities with 2 stories through 4 stories in Korea and analyze the recognition of users and analyzing the recognition of users. We analyzed the problems in the rooftop space through analysis of derived data, and suggested improvement plans.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2020

The police substation includes work spaces for civil services, interviews, and meetings, etc, and private spaces for rest, showers and cafeterias and so on. Since a large number of rooms for each function should be installed in a relatively small building, it is important to develop an area standard for efficient space organization in consideration of the functional characteristics and usage patterns of each space. The purpose of this study is to suggest the way for improving the area standards for spaces in police substation based on the results of existing standards analysis and case study. For this objective, architectural documents of 161 police substations built after 2013 in Korea were comparatively analyzed. Sixteen of these facilities were selected for field survey and investigated how the workspace and private area were organized and used. The results of investigation showed that there were a number of problematic cases, such as spaces not installed or insufficient, spaces used for two or more functions, spaces installed even though they are not included in the standards. It was mainly due to the fact that several important spaces which had been installed in most police substations were not included in the existing standards. The ways for improvement were suggested like following four points: (1) Modifying the criteria for classifying facility size, (2) Modifying the lists of the required spaces, (3) Specifying the basis of calculation for each space in detail, and (4) Differentiating the way to organize spaces according to the facility size.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2021

Objective : Rapid dissolution of blood clots reduces vasospasm and hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and locally administered fibrinolytic drugs (LAFDs) could facilitate the dissolution. However, the efficacy of LAFDs remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of LAFDs for vasospasm and hydrocephalus and in clinical outcomes. Methods : From PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane database, data were extracted by two authors. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model. Inclusion criteria were patients who had LAFDs with urokinase-type or recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator after SAH in comparison with medically untreated patients with fibrinolytic drugs. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this analysis. The outcomes of interest were vasospasm, hydrocephalus, mortality, and 90-day unfavorable functional outcome. Results : Data from eight RCTs with 550 patients were included. Pooled-analysis revealed that the LAFDs were significantly associated with lower rates of vasospasm (LAFDs group vs. control group, 26.5% vs. 39.2%; odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.73); hydrocephalus (LAFDs group vs. control group, 26.0% vs. 31.6%; OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.91); and mortality (LAFDs group vs. control group, 10.5% vs. 15.7%; OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.99). The proportion of 90-day unfavorable outcomes was lower in the LAFDs group (LAFDs group vs. control group, 32.7% vs. 43.5%; OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37-0.80). Conclusion : This meta-analysis with eight RCTs indicated that LAFDs were significantly associated with lower rates of vasospasm and hydrocephalus after SAH. Thus, LAFDs could consequently reduce mortality and improve clinical outcome after SAH.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.222-228
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• 2020

The purpose of this article was to investigate the current state of studies on clinical trials of acupuncture treatment for Alzheimer's disease using neuroimaging method. We searched for clinical trials of acupuncture treatment for Alzheimer's disease(AD) and mild cognitive impairment(MCI) using neuroimaging method in the MEDLINE (Pubmed) database on March 18, 2020. Once the online search was finished, studies were selected manually by the inclusion criteria. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of selected articles and reviewed the neural substrates of acupuncture treatment in AD. Total ten studies were included in this study. The most frequently applied modality for AD was functional MRI. The most frequently selected acupoints for AD were KI3, LR3 and LI4. One of studies showed that acupuncture treatment could improve the symptoms of MCI. Through the analysis, we demonstrated that neuroimaging method could capture the neural substrates associated with AD. Moreover, acupuncture may induce differential response according to the disease status. Finally, real acupuncture could produce more extensive activation/deactivation than sham acupuncture. We hope that neuroimaging method can contribute to the clinical research of acupuncture treatment for AD through large-scale RCT and diverse imaging modality.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1274-1281
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• 2020

Objective: This case report shows symptom improvements in stage IV metastatic colorectal cancer treated with a Korean medicine-based integrative cancer treatment (ICT). Methods: A 61-year-old male patient diagnosed with colorectal cancer in November 2017 and metastasis to the lung, peritoneum, and liver in September 2020 was treated with Integrative Cancer Treatment (ICT) for abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, and anorexia for 1 month. Clinical outcomes were measured with the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (NCI-CTCAE), a numeral rating (NRS), the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scales. Results: After treatment, the patient's abdominal pain was improved from NRS 8 to 1, and the ECOG score of the patient was improved from grade 3 to 2. Integrative Cancer Treatment. Also the score improved on the FACT-G test, and there were no serious side effects of grade 3 or higher according to the NCI-CTCAE. Conclusion: This case study suggests that Korean medicine-based ICT may help to improve abdominal pain and quality of life in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2021

Purpose: Open extremity fractures require prompt antibiotic medication and initial debridement surgery to reduce the infection rate and restore functional stabilization. We aimed to report the effects and positive outcomes of a trauma team approach on the management of open extremity fractures in polytrauma patients. Methods: This retrospective review included all polytrauma patients with open extremity fractures admitted between March 2009 and December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were treated before or after the implementation of the trauma team approach (March 2014). We analyzed the outcomes in each group with respect to the time interval until the doctor's arrival, total length of stay in the emergency department, the time interval until initial antibiotic treatment and operation, whether the initial operation was performed within 24 hours, and the rate of deep infections. Results: A total of 123 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics. The time interval until the doctor's arrival (64.12±49.2 minutes vs. 19.82±15.23 minutes; p=0.035) and initial antibiotic treatment (115.47±72.12 minutes vs. 48.78±30.12 minutes; p=0.023) significantly improved after implementing the trauma team approach. The union rate was not significantly different. However, the time interval until initial debridement, opportunity for initial debridement within 24 hours, and the rate of deep infections demonstrated better results. Conclusions: The reduced time interval until initial antibiotic treatment and debridement could be attributed to the positive effect of the trauma team approach on the management of open extremity fractures in polytrauma patients.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of task-oriented exercise and abdominal muscle contraction using functional electrical stimulation (FES) on abdominal muscle thickness and balance of stroke patients. Methods: Ten stroke patients who met the selection criteria were assigned randomly into two groups of five. One group received FES therapy before task-oriented training (experimental group), while the other group received a FES placebo before task-oriented training (control group). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups, and the Wilcoxon Signed-ranks test was used to compare differences between the groups before and after intervention. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the rate changes of each item before and after intervention, between the two groups. Results: In the rectus abdominalis and external oblique muscle thickness tests that used ultrasound, there was a statistically significant difference in the experimental group (p<.05),but no significant difference in the control group (p>.05). There was also a significant difference between the groups (p<.05). In the Balance test that used the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and timed up and go test (TUG), there was a statistically significant difference in the experimental and control groups (p<.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups (p>.05). Conclusions: FES therapy before task-oriented training increases the thickness of abdominal muscles and improves balance abilities.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.384-391
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• 2021

Purpose: The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS^TM) was developed as an awareness tool for evaluating cow's milk-related symptoms in otherwise healthy children. Using a convenience sample of participants, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine CoMiSS^TM values of symptomatic infants based on retrospectively or prospectively obtained information. Methods: CoMiSS^TM values were determined in infants aged <12 months with symptoms suggestive of cow's milk protein allergy or functional gastrointestinal disorders. The exclusion criteria were previous diagnosis with acute or chronic disease, treatment with a therapeutic formula, and in case of breastfeeding, an elimination diet followed by the mother. Two CoMiSS^TM values were assessed. A retrospective collection was defined as the collection of data after initial contact with the medical center but before the first medical consultation. A prospective collection was defined as the collection of data within 24 hours from the time of medical consultation but before starting any therapeutic intervention. The CoMiSS^TM total and individual component scores obtained retrospectively or prospectively were compared between groups using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: This study was performed between August and November 2019. Data of 110 children (62 males and 48 females), with a mean±standard deviation age of 18.2±11.7 weeks, were obtained. The total CoMiSS^TM value (p<0.001) and some individual component scores (crying, regurgitation, and stool) were significantly lower when collected prospectively than when collected retrospectively. Conclusion: CoMiSS^TM values were retrospectively and prospectively determined. Lower CoMiSS^TM values were obtained during prospective evaluation. Possible differences should be considered when using CoMiSS^TM in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2022

Objective : There are different types of cerebral vascular malformations. Pial arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) and dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are two entities; they consist of one or more arterial connections to a single venous outlet without a true intervening nidus. The high turbulent flow of PAVFs and aggressive DAVFs with cortical venous reflux can result in venous outflow varix and aneurysmal dilatation. They pose a significant challenge to transvenous embolization (TVE), stereotactic radiosurgery, and surgical treatment. We aim to share our centers' experience with the transarterial embolization (TAE) for arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) with large venous pouches and to report the outcome. Methods : The authors' two institutions' databases were retrospectively reviewed from February 2017 to February 2021. All patients with intracranial high flow PAVFs and aggressive DAVFs with venous outlet ectasia and large venous varix and were treated by TAE were included. Results : Fifteen patients harboring 11 DAVFs and four PAVFs met our inclusion criteria. All patients underwent TAE in 17 sessions. Complete angiographic obliteration was achieved after 14 sessions in 12 patients (80%). Four patients (25%) had residual after one TAE session. Technical failure was documented in one patient (6.7%). Fourteen patients (93.3%) had favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin score 0-2). Conclusions : TAE for high flow or aggressive intracranial AVFs is a safe and considerable treatment option, especially for those associated with large venous pouches that are challenging and relatively high-risk for TVE.