• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2000

The virulence(vir) genes in Ti plasmid at Agrobacterium tumefaciens are expressed by a phenolic compound synthesized at plant wound site. The vir genes inducing abilities of 8 phenolic compounds were tested using three wild type strains of A. tumefaciens. It was also investigated how the levels of vir gene expression among the strains tested could be related to the kinds of specific phenolic compounds. Five phenolic compounds like as 4-hydroxyacetophenone, phenol, catechol, resorcinol, and vanillin had exhibited a strong effect on the vir gene expression of A. tumefaciens MW102 whereas they did not be either non-functional or weakly inducible to the vir gene expression of other strains i.e. A. tumefaciens MW105 and MW108. Furthermore, the vir gene of A. tumefaciens MW102 was lowly expressed by acetosyringone that exposed an strong effect on the vir gene induction of other two strains. Thus, it appeared that the vir gene inducing abilities were differed by the kinds of phenolic compounds and Ti plasmids. In conclusion, we suppose that a change in vir gene inducing ability could be resulted from a difference of sensor protein expressed by vir A gene.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to determine the role of storing years with the variation of total phenol and individual phenolic compounds in soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds. The total phenol content varied from 0.36 to 0.42% over four years, with the highest value (0.42%) found at storage for two and three years. Among the nine soybean varieties examined, Daweonkong had the highest total average phenol content (0.58%). The total content of 11 phenolics varied from 730.0 to 1812.8 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$ over storage for four years, and the highest concentration (1812.8 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$) was found at storage for two years. Myeongjunamulkong (1465.4 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$) had the highest mean content among the nine soybean varieties. The total content of 11 phenolic compounds measured in this study occupied from 20.96 to 47.73% of the total phenol contents. The highest total phenol contents were in seeds with black coats (5279.4 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$), while the highest concentration of individual phenolic compounds were in seeds with green coats (1419.5 $\mu\textrm{g}\;\textrm{g}^{-1}$). Our study suggests that it may be feasible to improve soybean varieties with high functional substances such as phenolic compounds.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.254-258
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• 2006

Zeolites with excellent adsorption capacity of volatile organic compounds were attached onto inorganic fibers which were the raw materials of honeycomb-type adsorbers. The amounts of zeolite particles attached onto the fibers considerably increased by treating them with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrofluoric acid. Various functional groups such as chloropropyl, aminopropyl and epoxy groups of silane compounds, and amine groups of polyethylenimine were employed as covalent linkage materials between the fibers and zeolite particles. The state of the fibers coated with zeolite particles was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the amounts of zeolite particles bound to the fibers were estimated from their BET surface areas. The largest amount was obtained when polyethylenimine was employed as a linkage material. Polyethylenimine was the most effective for attaching zeolite particles onto the inorganic fibers among various linkers employed.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2010

Effects of reaction time and temperature on the isomerization and dehydrobromination reactions of brominated butyl rubber were investigated. The structural composition of brominated butyl rubber was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy($^1H$-NMR), Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study on the isomerization and dehydrobromination mechanisms of model compounds. The geometries for model compounds of 3-bromo-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2',4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-1-octylene (3BrOE), 1-bromo-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2',4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-2-octylene (1Br2OE) and 5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2', 4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-1,3-octadiene (CD) had been optimized by using density functional theory at B3LYP/3-21G and B3LYP/6-31G levels. The predicted energy of 3BrOE lies higher than that of 1Br2OE which suggests that 1Br2OE configuration is more stable than the 3BrOE configuration. Compared with the energy barrier, the pathway of dehydrobromination is less competitive than that of isomerization. This is qualitatively consistent with the experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2020

Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been used in traditional medicine. The type of light source has an effect on the growth properties and composition of functional compounds in plants. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different artificial light sources on the growth characteristics as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of S. miltiorrhiza. Methods and Results: Seedlings of S. miltiorrhiza were grown under various artificial light sources, including fluorescent light (FL), light emitting diode (LED), and microwave electrodeless light (MEL), for 8 weeks. Growth characteristics were the best in plants treated with MEL. DPPH scavenging activity of the shoot was more pronounced with the FL treatments, while the roots were more active in plants grown under single wavelength lights (i.e., blue and red LEDs). Among the different light source treatments, the blue LED resulted in a higher total phenolic content in the plants. Furthermore, growing plants growth under the red LED enhanced their total flavonoid content. Notably, the antimicrobial properties of plants varied significantly between light source treatments in this study. Except for E. coli, all the tested microorganisms were susceptible to the plant extracts. Conclusions: The type of light source may be an important parameter for the enhancement of plant growth and functional compounds in S. miltiorrhiza.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.421-425
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop a traditional Korean snack, Dasik, using Angelica gigas Nakai. Angelica gigas Nakai has been used as a medicinal herb which is grown wild in mountain areas or cultivated in Korea, and known to have various functional effects, especially on a women's disease. As an useful food resource, Angelica gigas Nakai was used to prepare Dasik along with soybean powder and black sesame seeds powder. The quality characteristics of Dasik were measured by sensory evaluation and food compositions and antioxidant activity were analyzed. In the results, Dasik prepared with black sesame seeds powder with 20% Angelica gigas Nakai powder was the most favored. especially by the women's group of 30∼40s in age. The composition of this Dasik was water 11.85%, ash 3.4%, crude protein 14.10% and crude fat 23.44% . The functional components of Angelica gigas Nakai were 2.23 ㎎/g of phenolic compounds and 9.9 ㎎/g of flavonoids. Antioxidant activity of Angelica gigas Nakal was 53.14% at 0.1 g/㎎ concentration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.823-828
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• 2004

The crystal structures of sparteinium tetrachlorocuprate monohydrate $[(C_{15}H_{28}N_2)CuCl_4{\cdot}H_2O]$, 1 and sparteinium tetrabromocuprate monohydrate $[(C_{15}H_{28}N_2)CBr_4{\cdot}H_2O]$, 2, were determined. The structures of 1 [orthorhombic, $P2_12_12_1$, a = 8.3080(10) ${\AA}$, b = 14.6797(19) ${\AA}$ and c = 16.4731(17) ${\AA}$], and 2 [orthorhombic, $P2_12_12_1$, a = 8.4769(7) ${\AA}$, b = 15.166(3) ${\AA}$ and c = 16.679(3) ${\AA}$], are composed of a doubly protonated sparteinium cation, $[C_{15}H_{28}N_2]^{2+}$, a discrete $CuX_4^{2-}$ anion $(X=Cl^-\;or\;Br^-)$, and one water molecule. These monomeric compounds are stabilized through various types of hydrogen bonding interaction in their packing structures. Crystal 2 exhibits weak anti-ferromagnetism (J = -3.24 $cm^{-1}$) as opposed to the magnetically isolated paramagnetism observed for 1. The results of comparative magneto-structural investigations of 1 and 2 suggest that the pathway for the weak anti-ferromagnetic super-exchange in 2 might be through a Cu-Br${\cdots}$Br-Cu contact.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.350-358
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• 2014

This study investigated the changes of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of adzuki bean by drainage methods in poorly drained sloping paddy field. The soil moisture contents of under pipe and open ditch drainage on very poorly drained paddy soil were $18.52{\pm}4.58$ and $19.01{\pm}4.25%$, and imperfectly drained paddy soil were $14.87{\pm}4.82$ and $18.64{\pm}3.85%$, respectively. Moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of adzuki bean with drainage methods were 10.10~11.60, 14.13~21.75, 0.02~0.73 and 2.81~3.45 g/100 g, respectively. The total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents, and radical scavenging activity of adzuki bean showed significant differences by drainage methods. The total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents by drainage methods were 2.73~4.14 mg GAE/g, 1.07~1.43 mg CE/g, and 1.27~1.84 mg TAE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 2.84~4.47 and 5.11~6.74 mg TE/g, respectively. The antioxidant compounds and radical scavenging activity of the adzuki bean by drainage methods were frequently affected soil water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.617-626
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• 1996

Nitrogenous compounds in hydrolysate of skipjack processing by-product(SPB) was increased 6.4 times in amount comparing that of raw SPB. The major compounds in hydrolysate were anserine, histidine, leucine, hydroxyproline, arginine, phenylalanine and taurine, and composed 56.25% of total nitrogenous compounds. In fatty acid composition, the highest amount was saturated fatty acids in both samples. Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as $C_{20:5}$ and $C_{22:6}$ were increased after hydrolysis. A total of 99 volatile compounds was detected in raw and hydrolysate of SPB by vacuum simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction/gas chromatography/mass chromatorgraphy. Of these, 75 compounds were identified in raw SPB, while 72 compounds were identified in hydorlysate of SPB. There compounds were composed mainly of 28 aldehydes, 20 ketones, 19 alcohols, 5 nitrogen containing compounds, 5 aromatic hydrocarbons, 4 furans and 12 miscellaneous compounds. Levels of aldehydes and aromatic hydrocarbons decreased after hydrolysis, whereas heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazies, furans increased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.