• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

Nanopowdered chitosan (NPC) has high biological activities, such as blood cholesterol lowering effect and antidiabetic activity. This study is carried out to determine the effects of nano-powdered chitosan-added Maribo cheese (NCMC) for the physicochemical properties and sensory analysis during its ripening at $14^{\circ}C$ for 6 mon. From the results, the moisture and fat levels are not significantly influenced from the addition of chitosan (p>0.05), but ash contents increased with increasing chitosan concentrations and the protein contents decreased with increasing chitosan concentrations. In the short-chain fatty acids analysis during the ripening, the total production is initially 13.79 ppm in 0.2% NCMC and 13.81 ppm in control, and their levels have steadily increased to 59.94 and 53.11 ppm, respectively. For the color levels, the $L^*$ values decreased, while the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values significantly increased during ripening for all samples (p<0.05). In texture analysis, the hardness and gumminess of NCMC significantly decreased as compared to the control during ripening (p<0.05), while the cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness were not significantly different among the treatments (p>0.05). In sensory analysis, the butyric off-flavor and bitterness increased slightly with increasing concentrations of NCMC during ripening. The overall acceptability of 0.2% NCMC held the highest score amongst the samples during the ripening. From the results obtained, the 0.2% NCMC was preferred during the ripening and observed the possibility of functional cheese.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.401-418
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• 1999

Many plants and animal have long been known to have medicinal effects and therefore have been used as medicines. There are many substances that show various pharmacologic efficacy such as anti-tumor efficacy, anti-inflammatory efficacy, cholesterol-lowering efficacy, anti-coagulant of blood efficacy and anti-bacterial efficacy. I summarized the recent advances in research on physiologically functional foods. The pharmacological efficacy of dietary fiber, chitin & chitosan, DHA(docosahexaenoic acid), mushroom, alginic acid and herbs have selected as topices for discussion. I was examining the anti-coagulant activity of herbs, I discovered that Eugenia caryophyllata T. (clove) had a relatively high anti-coagulant activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.655-666
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• 2005

This study was performed to measure physicochemical and textural characteristics, and shelf-life effect of low-fat functional sausages(LFFSs) manufactured with sodium lactate(SL, 3.3%), lac pigment and various molecular weights(MWs) of chitosan (Low=1.5 kDa, Med=30-50 kDa and High=200 kDa) during storage at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 18 days. LFFSs had 73.7-76.0% moisture, lower than 3% fat and 14-15% protein, respectively. pH values were 6.05-6.44 and the control(150 ppm, $NaNO_2$) was the lowest among LFFSs (p<0.05). Increasing storage time decreased pH values, but no differences in pH values were observed up to 6 days of storage (p>0.05). LFFSs containing SL and low MW of chitosan improved water holding capacity (WHC) and different from those with SL and medium-MW chitosan. WHC was decreased with increased storage time and differences of WHC were observed from 18 days of storage. The addition of chitosan reduced both lightness and redness values, as compared to 150 ppm sodium nitrite(SN), and increased storage time decreased yellowness(p<0.05), especially at 12 days of storage. LFFSs with SL and medium-MW chitosan increased most textural properties compared to the control(p<0.05). The addition of SN of 150 ppm in LFFSs retarded microbial growth for E. coli 0157:H7, while those with SL tended to have an antimicrobial effect for Listeria monocytogenes(LM). The growth rate of LM was delayed by addition of various MW of chitosans in LFFSs, especially high MW chitosan, as compared to LFFSs containing SL alone. These results indicated that the functional, textural and antimicrobial effects of LFFSs were improved by addition SL and various MW of chitosan combinations. In addition, 0.05% lac pigment improved the cure color of LFFSs similar to those of 150 ppm SN.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a seasoned Hwangseoke-jeot(a kind of salted and fermented fish) with chitosan having less fishy smell and salty taste. In order to decrease the fishy smell and increase the palatable taste effectively, four types of seasoning were developed, in which minced ginger, garlic and onion were included. In order to improve the color and flavor of seasoned Hwangseoke-jeot, high-quality powdered hot red pepper was also added in all the seasonings. Seasoned Hwangseoke-jeot type 1 had the oil and roasted powder of sesame, which are known to decrease fishy smell and palatable taste, and was the basis of other seasoned Hwangseoke-jeot. Type 2 had the oil and roasted powder of perilla, which also were known to decrease fishy smell and to increase palatable taste effectively. Type 3 had roasted soybean powder and laver to increase savory and palatable taste. It was developed especially for old and young people who like savory taste. Type 4, containing citron syrup, was for the young and children. All the developed seasoned Hwangseoke-jeot samples had better red color and other sensory properies than the control (S-company's seasoned Hwangseoke-jeot), as tested by colorimetry and sensory evaluation. More than 1% (w/v) of chitosan gave an astringent taste to seasoning, so it is recommended not to exceed 1% (w/v) in the seasoning. The developed functional seasonings of jeot would be applicable to other kinds of jeot.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2017

Resveratrol was incorporated into various combinations of single- and double-layer nanoemulsions, prepared by self-assembly emulsification and complex coacervation with chitosan, alginate, and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin, respectively. Resveratrol nanoemulsions were composed of medium-chain trigacylglycerols (MCTs), $Tween^{(R)}$ 80, water, chitosan, alginate, and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin. The corresponding mixtures were formulated for the purpose of being used as a nutraceutical delivery system. Resveratrol nanoemulsions were obtained with particle sizes of 10-800 nm, with the size variation dependent on the emulsification parameters including the ratio of aqueous phase and surfactant ratio. Resveratrol nanoemulsions were characterized by evaluating particle size, zeta-potential value, stability, and release rate. There were no significant changes in particle size and zeta-potential value of resveratrol nanoemulsions during storage for 28 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The stability of resveratrol in the double-layer nanoemulsions complexed with chitosan or ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin was higher, compared with the single-layer nanoemulsions.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.457-465
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• 2008

Development of various medical systems was accomplished through the progress of biotechnological method for therapy of human diseases. Furthermore, drug delivery systems have been investigated to carry the bioactive materials such as drug or gene in the body effectively. The most important thing in this system is to develop biomedical polymers having biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Chitosan, a natural polymer, has been importantly considered as biomedical materials due to its good biocompatibility and various bio-active characteristics. Since the property of chitosan is differently explained according to the crystalline structures of chitin, the study for structural analysis of chitin has to proceed to apply as a biomaterial. From this point of view, this article introduced the analysis of crystalline structural of chitin, general property of chitosan and potential characteristics of low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (LMWSC) as a biomaterials. Furthermore, chemical modification of LMWSC using various functional groups was also performed to enhance its bioavailability and emphasize their potential as drug delivery carriers (DDS).

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 1998

Cotton fabric was treated with chitosan by pad-dry(-cure) method to impart antimicrobial properties. Four chitosans of different degree of deacetylation (DAC: 65~95%) with similar molecular weight(MW: ca. 50, 000) and one chitosan oligomer(MW 1, 800, DAC 86%) were used. In order to improve the durability to laundering of antimicrobial activity for the fabrics treated with chitosan oligomer, crosslinker or binder was included in the finishing formulation. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris was evaluated by the Shake Flask Method. The treated fabrics were laundered up to 20 times according to AATCC Test Method 60-1986 or JIS 0217-104 and antimicrobial activity of the laundered fabrics was evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was increased with the increase of concentration and degree of deacetylation of chitosan. And the cured fabrics showed better durability to laundering than the not-cured fabrics according to AATCC Test Method 60-1986. Crosslinker and binder decreased antimicrobial according of the fabrics treated with chitosan oligomer and were not effective to improve the durability to laundering according to JIS 0217-104. (Korean J Human Ecology 1(1) : 103~112, 1998)

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2021

Chitosan, natural organic polymer, has been applied in water treatment as adsorbent due to non-toxic for human being. The amino group as functional group, can interacts with cation and anion at the same time. The prepared chitosan bead (HCB) was crosslinked to increase chemical stability (HCB-G) and both HCB and HCB-G were prepared to increase physical strength by drying referred to DCB and DCB-G, respectively. The adsorption effect for crosslinking and drying for four types of chitosan bead was tested using pseudo fist order (PFO), pseudo second order (PSO), and intraparticle diffusion model (ID). Regardless of PFO and PSO, the order of K, rate constant, is as followed: HCB > HCB-G > DCB > DCB-G for Cu(II) and phosphate. Drying leading to contraction of bead significantly reduced adsorption rate due to reduce the porosity of chitosan. In addition, crosslingking also negatively effect on adsorption rate. When compared with Cu(II) using hydrogel bead, phosphate showed higher value than Cu(II) for PFO and PSO. The application of ID showed that both hydrogel beads (HCB and HCB-G) obtained a very low R² ranging to 0.37 to 0.81, while R² can be obtained to over 0.9 for DCB and DCB-G, indicting ID is appropriate for low adsorption rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.968-972
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan, which is deacetylated derivative of chitin, on the renal function. Renal dipeptidase (RDPase, membrane dipeptidase, dehydropeptidase 1, EC 3.4.13.19) is glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored ectoenzyme of renal proximal tubular microvilli and was related with renal disease including acute renal failure, pyelitis and nephritis. The released RDPase and Udpase activities were assayed by modified fluorometric method. In vitro experimental groups were consisted of group 1, the concentration ranges of 0, 0.01, 0.05 and $0.1\%$ chitosan only, group 2, the concentration ranges of 1, 2 and 4 mM glycerol only, and group 3, the concentration ranges of 0, 0.01, 0.05 and $0.1\%$ chitosan in the presence of glycerol (4 mM). In vivo experimental groups were consisted of group 1 in which rats were treated with glycerol for the purpose of glycerol-induced renal damage, and group 2 in which rats were treated with chitosan plus glycerol. The RDPase release of 0.01, 0.05, and $0.1\%$ chitosan groups were increased in the concentration dependent manner. The RDPase release of 1, 2, and 4mM glycerol groups were decreased in the concentration dependent manner. Chitosan in the presence of glycerol restored the released RDPase activity in the proximal tubules. In vivo, chitosan inhibited the decrease of RDPase release by glycerol in the kidney and blocked the decrease of Udpase activity by glycerol in urine. These results indicated that chitosan was possible as a functional food to control renal function and its diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.103-109
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• 2004

The obese population has been increasing over the world wide and obesity became a socioeconomic problems. It is become more serious by the accumulation of the knowledge that the obesity is related directly or indirectly with several diseases like, diabetes, hypertension, etc. With these reasons, many functional food or agents for the purpose of weight loss have been developed. However, most of these remedies are unproven and some have produced even dangerous side effects due to the ephedrine alkaloids contained in Ma-Hang. Because of these reasons, they banned using of these agents in US and regards the antiobesity functional agents as drugs in Europe. Several functional agents are known for weight loss activities like, HCA, L-canitine, CLA, chitosan, calcium supplements and capsaicin containing red pepper, kimchi and kochujang. We describe here about the function, efficacy and mechanism of these antiobesity functional agents. Furthermore, the trial of the mixture of weight loss related herbal ingredients for safe multifunctional antiobesity functional agents are discussed here, as well.