• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1005-1010
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• 2014

We have performed DFT calculations to devise some possible fullerene dimers (from $C_{60}$ and $C_{80}$) connected through $C_{24}$ and $C_{36}$ bridge cages with the face-to-face linking model. The fullerene dimers with $C_{36}$ bridges have lower binding energies and greater HOMO-LUMO gaps than those of the fullerene dimers with $C_{24}$ bridges. Also, the replacement of $C_{60}$ cages with $C_{80}$ ones always leads to an increase in binding energies and HOMO-LUMO gaps in these systems. Dimerization of $C_{60}$ and $C_{80}$ fullerenes with $C_{24}$ and $C_{36}$ results in a significant decrease in antiaromaticity of the antiaromatic cages $C_{24}$ and $C_{80}$, and an increase in the aromaticity of the aromatic cages $C_{36}$ and $C_{60}$. Therefore, DFT results indicate that those fullerene dimers involving the initially harshly antiaromatic $C_{24}$ or $C_{80}$ cages are more energetically favorable configuration than the fullerene dimers involving the aromatic $C_{36}$ and $C_{60}$ cages.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1805-1808
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• 2006

In this paper, we describe a versatile use of fullerene(C60) as a charge transporting material for organic light-emitting diodes. The use of fullerene as a buffer layer for an anode, a doping material for hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer was investigated. Fullerene improved the hole injection from an anode to a hole transport layer by lowering the interfacial energy barrier and enhanced the lifetime of the device as a doping material for a hole transport layer. In addition, it was also effective as an electron transporting material to get low driving voltage in the device.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.189-189
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• 2009

This work was focused on the dielectrophoretic force of fullerenes dispersed in liquid crystal host medium, which are investigated in the homogeneously aligned liquid crystal (NLC) cells driven by external electric field. A fullerene of 10 wt% was doped into the LC medium and its electric field induced motion was controlled by both in-plane and vertical electric field. When the electric field was applied, the fullerene start to move in direction of applied electric field. The dark, grey and white states in the proposed device can be obtained by suitable combination of the polarity of applied electric field. The w and l are the width and distance between the electrodes. The reflectance at different l was measured and was found to be increased with increasing l. The dynamical motions of fullerene particles in LC medium suggest that fullerene can be designed for electronic-paper like displays.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.374-375
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• 2008

In this study, the nano-composite actuator based on Fullerene and Nafion was newly developed to improve the electro active polymer actuators. The tensile test was employed to define the mechanical stiffness and strength of the nano-composite membrane. Also, the bending displacement of the Fullerene-Nafion based nano-composite actuator was investigated under DC and AC excitations with various magnitudes and frequencies. As a result, the new nano-composite actuator based on Fullerene-Nafion shows much larger deformation than the pure Nafion based actuator and solves the straightening back Problem of the previous electro active polymer actuators.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.278-281
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• 2002

We investigated the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of a highly soluble, fullerene-containing copolymer in both solution and film states. In solution state, the copolymer showed different PL characteristics depending on the aromaticity of the solvent. The PL from polystyrene segments of the copolymer was strongly quenched in an aromatic solvent, while the PL from fullerene remained unchanged. However, the films cast from an aromatic and a nonaromatic solvent demonstrated very similar PL characteristics, implying that the chain alignment or orientation and packing in the films occur in a similar way irrespective of the solvent.

• Carbon letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2004

The polymer with contents of $C_{60}$ up to 57 wt.% was produced by mutual condensation of fullerene $C_{60}$ and ethylenediamine. The investigations of this polymer as well as pristine fullerene to comparison were carried out by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, ToF-SIMS, TGA, and elemental analysis. At least three kinds of components was revealed as building blocks of polymer. The fullerene cage underwent only distortion but didn't destroy during formation of polymer. The pure fullerene was found as an intermediate of the thermal decomposition of polymer. The conclusion that this polymer could serve as precursor to produce carbon nanomaterial with high concentration curved graphene sheets and can be used for gas adsorption and electrochemical application was made.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1573-1574
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• 2009

Fullerene/polystyrene nanoparticles having the average size of 300 nm ~ 1 ${\mu}m$ were prepared by emulsion polymerization in aqueous medium. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and potassium persulfate were used as a dispersant and an initiator, respectively. The contents of fullerene in the nanoparticle were controlled to be from 10 to 57 wt% by varying the feed ratio, which was confirmed by IR-spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and elemental analyses. Dynamic light scattering experiments revealed the particles have a broad size distribution. Further characterizations of the nanoparticles were performed by using SEM and TEM observation. The high content of fullerene in the particles will find applications in photovoltaic and organic semiconducting area.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.2966-2970
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• 2012

Fullerene/polystyrene ($C_{60}$/PS) nano particle was prepared by using emulsion polymerization. Styrene and fullerene were emulsified in aqueous media in the presence of poly(N-vinyl pyridine) as an emulsion stabilizer, and polymerization was initiated by water soluble radical initiator, potassium persulfate. The obtained nano particles have an average diameter in the range of 400-500 nm. The fullerene contents in the nano particle can be controlled up to 15 wt % by varying the feed ratio, which was confirmed by themogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA). The structure and morphologies of the $C_{60}$/PS nano particles were examined by various analytical techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron diffraction (ED) pattern, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and UV spectroscopy. Unlike conventional $C_{60}$/PS particles initiated by organic free radical initiators, in which the fullerene is copolymerized forming a covalent bond with styrene monomer, the prepared $C_{60}$/PS nano particles contain pristine fullerene as secondary particles homogeneously distributed in the polystyrene matrix.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.228-234
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• 2010

In this paper, Fe-$TiO_2$ and Fe-fullerene/$TiO_2$ composite photocatalysts were prepared with titanium (IV) n-butoxide (TNB) by a sol-gel method. $TiO_2$, Fe-$TiO_2$ and Fe-fullerene/$TiO_2$ were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue (MB) solution. XRD patterns of the composites showed that the photocatalyst composite contained a typical single and clear anatase phase. The surface properties shown by SEM presented a characterization of the texture on Fe-fullerene/$TiO_2$ composites and showed a homogenous composition in the particles for the titanium sources used. The EDX spectra for the elemental identification showed the presence of O, C and Ti elements. Moreover, peaks of the Fe element were observed in the Fe-$TiO_2$ and Fe-fullerene/$TiO_2$ composites. The degradation of MB solution by UV-light irradiation in the presence of photocatalyst compounds was investigated in complete darkness. The degradation of MB concentration in aqueous solution occurred via three kinds of physical phenomena: quantum efficiency of the fullerene; organo-metallic reaction of the Fe compound; and decomposition of $TiO_2$. The degradation rate of the methylene blue solution increased when using Fe-fullerene/$TiO_2$ compounds.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2004

Fullerene oxides were synthesized by fullerene ($C_{70}$) and several amine N-oxides such as 3-picoline N-oxide, pyridine N-oxide hydrate, quinoline N-oxide, and isoquinoline N-oxide under ultrasonic condition at $25{\sim}43^{\circ}C$. The reactivity of fullerene ($C_{70}$) with various amine N-oxides undo, ultrasonic irradiation showed the same in all of the proceeding experiments; 3-picoline N-oxide : pyridine N-oxide hydrate : quinoline N-oxide : isoquinoline N-oxide. The MALDI-TOF MS, UV-vis spectrophotometer and HPLC analysis confirmed that the products of fullerene oxidation are [$C_{70}(O)n$] (n=1).