• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2010

As the use of carbon fullerene increases in the chemical industry, the concern over its biological and toxicological effects is also increasing. In this study, the suspension of carbon fullerene (C60) in phosphate buffered saline was prepared and toxicity was investigated using cultured RAW 264.7 and in intraperitoneally injected mice, respectively. The average size of carbon fullerene in the suspension was $53.7{\pm}26.5nm$ when determined by particle size analyzer. Cell viability was significantly decreased by the exposure of carbon fullerene ($0.25\sim2.00\;{\mu}g/ml$) for 96 hrs in the cultured RAW 264.7 cells. Intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level was also decreased compared to the level of the non-treated control group during the exposure period, while the level of nitric oxide was increased. When mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon fullerene, serum cytokine levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were increased with the increased expression of inflammatory genes in peritoneal macrophage and T cell distribution in blood lymphocytes. The results suggested inflammatory responses were induced by carbon fullerene.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.728-731
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• 1999

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.733-736
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• 1998

분자들이 용액 내에서의 cluster나 박막 내에서의 cluster와 같이 다른 cluster로 뭉쳐졌을 때, 가시광선과 자외선부근의 영역에서 fullerene $C_{60}$의 전자흡수 스펙트럼 변화가 관찰되었다. 2.73eV에서 흡수 피크들이 관찰되었는데, 이러한 피크들은 독립된 분자들로부터 온 것이 아니라 분자들의 직접적인 상호작용으로부터 온 것으로 생각된다. Grained fullerene 박막에서는 흡수피크들이 3.35eV에서도 관찰되었는데 이러한 피크들은 grain의 계면에서 분자들의 상호작용으로부터 온 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 흡수의 Dichroism은 비등방성 macrostructure를 갖는 시료에서도 관찰되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.275.1-275.1
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• 2014

The effects of the interfacial buffer layer and temperature on the organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) nanostructures of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene (C60) systems were investigated using real time in-situ x-ray scattering. In the CuPc:C60 BHJ structures, standing-on configured ${\gamma}$-CuPc phase was formed by co-deposition of CuPc and C60. Once formed ${\gamma}$-phase was thermally stable during the annealing upon $180^{\circ}C$. Meanwhile, the insertion of CuI buffer layer prior to deposition of the CuPc:C60 BHJ layer induced lying-down configured CuPc crystals in the BHJ layer. The lying CuPc peak intensity and the lattice parameter were increased by the thermal annealing. This increment of the intensity seemed to be related to the strain at the interface between CuPc:C60 and CuI, which was proportional to the enhancement of the power conversion efficiency of the device.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2002

Carbon molecules with closed-cage structures are called fullerenes $(C_{60},\;C_{70})$, whose applications include super-conductors, sensors, catalysts, optical and electronic device, polymer composites, and biological and medical materials. The synthesis of fullerenes has been recently studied with low-pressure benzene/argon/oxygen flames. The formation of fullerene is known as molecular weight growth processes of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon). This study presents results of PAHs and fullerene measurements performed in a low-pressure benzene/argon/oxygen normal co-flow laminar diffusion flame. Through the central tube of the burner, benzene vapors carried by argon are injected. The benzene vapors are made in a temperature-controlled bubbler. The burner is located in a chamber, equipped with a sampling system for direct collection of condensable species from the flame, and exhausted to a vacuum pump. Samples of the condensable are analyzed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) to determine the yields of PAHs and fullerene. Also, we computed mole fraction of fullerene and PAHs in a nearly sooting low pressure premixed, one-dimensional benzene/argon/oxygen flame (equivalence ratio ${\Phi}=2.4$, pressure=5.33kPa). The object of computation was to investigate the formation mechanism of fullerenes and PAHs. The computations were performed with CHEMKIN/PREMIX. As a result of this study, fullerenes were synthesized in a low pressure (20torr) $C_6H_6/Ar/O_2$ flames and the highest concentration of fullerene was detected just above the visible surface of a flame.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2019

Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting potassium tetrachloroaurate ($KAuCl_4$), potassium carbonate ($K_2CO_3$), and isopropyl alcohol in the presence of fullerene oxide [$C_{60}(O)_n$, $n{\geq}1$], which was, in turn, prepared from [$C_{60}$] fullerene and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid under refluxing conditions. The crystallinity and morphology of the prepared gold nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The activity of the gold nanoparticles in the reduction of 4-nitroaniline was measured in order to determine its capability as a catalyst.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2011

Competitive binding of $C_{60}$ and $C_{70}$ to meso-substituted porphyrins was studied by mass spectrometry (MS). Electrospray ionization MS was employed to acquire the mass spectra of 1 : 1 porphyrin-fullerene complexes formed in a mixture of mesosubstituted porphyrin and fullerite to determine the ratio of complexes between $C_{60}$ and $C_{70}$. Matrix-free laser desorption ionization MS was used to obtain the mass spectra of fullerite to measure the mole fraction of $C_{60}$ and $C_{70}$. The binding constant ratio ($K_{70}$/$K_{60}$) was determined from the mass spectral data. The difference in standard Gibbs free energy change, ${\Delta}({\Delta}G^o)_{70-60}$, for the competitive binding of $C_{60}$ and $C_{70}$ was calculated from $K_{70}$/$K_{60}$. Of the five porphyrins, tetraphenyl, tetra(4-pyridyl), tetra(4-carboxyphenyl), tetra(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl), and tetra(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrins, the first three non-bulky porphyrins yield negative values of ${\Delta}({\Delta}G^o)_{70-60}$, whereas the other two bulky porphyrins result in positive values of ${\Delta}({\Delta}G^o)_{70-60}$. This result indicates that $C_{70}$ binding to porphyrin is thermodynamically favored over $C_{60}$ binding in non-bulky porphyrins, but disfavored in bulky ones. It also suggests that the binding mode of $C_{70}$is different between non-bulky and bulky porphyrins, which is in line with previous experimental findings of the "side-on" binding to non-bulky porphyrins and the $C_{60}$-like "end-on" binding to bulky porphyrins.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.887-894
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• 2018

최근 그래핀을 이용한 나노전자소자에 대한 많은 연구들이 다양한 분야에서 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 분자동력학 시뮬레이션 방법을 사용하여 그래핀 나노리본 트렌치 구조를 이용한 풀러렌 분자 셔틀 소자로의 활용 가능성에 대하여 연구하였다. 그래핀 나노리본 트렌치 구조는 그 나노미터 규모의 분자 저장이 가능한 공간을 만들 수 있어, 이 공간을 활용하여 나노전기전자소자를 제작할 수 있는 가능성을 열어준다. 그래핀 나노리본 트렌치로 흡수된 풀러렌 분자는 외부 작용력의 방향에 따라서 그 위치를 그래핀 나노리본 트렌치 내부에서 조정할 수 있게 되기 때문에, 이를 이용하여 그래핀 나노리본 트랜체 내부에서 플러렌의 위치 조정으로 디지털 정보를 저장할 수 있다. 풀러렌 분자가 그래핀 나노리본 트렌치 내부에서 고랑을 따라서 이동과정에서 다양한 운동에너지 역학이 작용되는 것을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 그래핀 나노리본 트렌치에 흡수된 풀러렌 분자는 나노전지전자소자의 오실레이터, 정보저장소자, 센서 등 다양한 첨단 분야에서 활용가능하다는 것을 연구하였다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1805-1808
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• 2006

In this paper, we describe a versatile use of fullerene(C60) as a charge transporting material for organic light-emitting diodes. The use of fullerene as a buffer layer for an anode, a doping material for hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer was investigated. Fullerene improved the hole injection from an anode to a hole transport layer by lowering the interfacial energy barrier and enhanced the lifetime of the device as a doping material for a hole transport layer. In addition, it was also effective as an electron transporting material to get low driving voltage in the device.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

풀러렌(fullerene)의 내부에 캡슐화될 수 있는 물 분자의 수와 물 분자들이 증가함에 따라 풀러렌의 안정적인 구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 밀도 범함수 이론(density functional theory, DFT)을 이용하여 풀러렌-물 클러스터$(H_2O)_n@C_{60}$, (n=1-10)의 구조 변화에 따른 열역학적 안정성 및 결합에너지를 계산하였다. 각각의 구조들에 대해서 여러 이론 수준에서 최적화하였으며 진동주파수를 계산하여 가장 안정한 구조를 조사하고 IR 스펙트럼을 예측하였다. 또한 풀러렌 내의 물 분자 수가 증가함에 따른 수소결합의 세기 변화를 순수한 물 클러스터$(H_2O)_n$, (n=1-6)의 수소결합과 비교 분석하였다.