• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2019

A new cultivar 'Sanjanghyang' was bred from monokaryotic strains of 'Sanbaekhyang' and 'Jangan 1ho'. Pileus was flat, round, and reddish brown. The diameters of the pilei and stipe length of the fruiting bodies were 67.1 mm and 16.9 mm, respectively. The scales were white or slightly brown and distributed evenly. The gill density was sparse and showed a rippled texture. The stipe was cream in color and the fluff was medium. 'Sanjanghyang' had a short cultivation period and fruiting bodies occurred sporadically. Temperature for fruiting body formation was a medium, between 15 to $19^{\circ}C$. 'Sanjanghyang' was different from 'Sanbaekhyang' with regard to its pileus diameter (67.1 mm) and autumn and spring fruiting body production period. 'Sanbaekhyang' had pileus diameter of 74.7 mm, and fruiting body formation occurred in spring and autumn. The rate of fruiting body formation was 89% (first flush), 4% (second flush), and 7% (third flush).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2009

The caterpillar-shaped Chinese medicinal mushroom (DongChongXiaCao) looks like a worm in the winter and like a grass in the summer. The fruiting body has been regarded as popular folk or effective medicines used to treat human diseases such as asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation, and kidney disease. The fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris, C. pruinosa and Paecilomyces tenuipes that formed on the living silkworm (Bombyx mori) host were used in this examination. This study was carried out to investigate the soluble sugar, amino acid and fatty acid profiles in the fruiting-bodies. Soluble sugars such as glycerol, glucose, mannitol and sucrose were mainly found in the fruiting bodies of C. militaris, C. pruinosa and P. tenuipes. Total soluble sugar content was 29.23 mg/g in C. militaris, 8.61 mg/g in C. pruinosa and 24.00 mg/g 1in P. tenuipes on dry weight basis. Total free amino acid content was 14.09 mg/g 1in C. militaris, 34.60 mg/g in C. pruinosa and 17.09 mg/g in P. tenuipes. The content of oleic acid in fatty acids was above high more than 30% regardless of species.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.215-218
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• 2007

The caterpillar-shaped Chinese medicinal mushroom (DongChongXiaCao) looks like a worm in the winter and like a grass in the summer. The fruiting body has been regarded as popular folk or effective medicines used to treat human diseases such as asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation, and kidney disease. The fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces tenuipes that formed on the living silkworm (Bombyx mon) host were used in this examination. This study was carried out to investigate the proximate composition, soluble sugar, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and contents of the bioactive ingredient including adenosine and D-mannitol in the fruiting-bodies. The moisture content was 57.56%. Soluble sugars found were glycerol, glucose, mannitol and sucrose, and the contents exceeded $24\;mgg^{-1}dry$ weight. Total free amino acid content was $17.09\;mgg^{-1}dry$ weight. Arginine, glycine, proline and tyrosine were main amino acids. The content of oleic acid in fatty acids was high. Adenosine was more abundant in fruiting bodies than corpus.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2019

Sparassis latifolia is a fungus abundant in β-glucan and amino acids and is highly valued as a medicinal mushroom. Among amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a free amino acid and has biological effects, such as increase/decrease of hypertension, improvement of cerebral blood flow, and prevention of dementia. In this study, biological elicitors were used to increase bioactive substances as a biofortification method. Sodium alginate extracted from seaweed (Sargassum horneri, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum fusiforme) were used as the elicitor. The levels of β-glucan and GABA in the mycelium and fruiting body grown by adding the elicitor to the medium were investigated. Addition of sodium alginate positively affected GABA production and negatively affected the β-glucan production in these fungi. Sodium alginates extracted from S. fulvellum induced the highest increase in GABA in the mycelium and fruiting bodies. Moreover, we investigated the effects of the extracts from mycelium and fruiting bodies on dendrite development in primary cortical neurons. We found that the extract from the fruiting bodies of sodium alginate treated fungi with increased levels of GABA inhibited the dendrite outgrowth of excitatory neurons, but not inhibitory neurons.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.231-234
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• 2011

This study was performed to develop new Hypsizygus marmoreus cultivars that have enhanced functional materials and improved physiological characteristics with mutagenesis by gamma ray irradiation. Protoplasts of H. marmoreus brown strain HYM-056 were irradiated by gamma ray for mutagenesis, and then 2,000 clones of mutants were randomly selected and the fruiting bodies were induced by bottle culture. Among them, 157 isolates with fast-growing, heavy and many fruiting body-producing were selected. The isolates were cultured in plastic bottle containing rice bran, barley hulls and fir sawdust to form the fruiting bodies. About 100 days after inoculation, characteristic of fruiting bodies were investigated. The isolates were divided into 6 groups based on color, shape and size of pileus, and length, diameter, number and weight of stipe. In addition, the genetic variation of the isolates was analyzed by URP-PCR fingerprinting.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.203-205
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• 2010

The spore of Tricholoma matsutake is considered to be the starting point of the mushroom growth cycle, but the mechanism of mycelial development from the spore stage is not yet clarified. In this study, we tried to measure how far the spores of T. matsutake disperse from a fruiting body located at a Pinus densiflora stand in Korea. We established 16 slide glasses coated with glycerin near a fruiting body in four directions separated by four different distance intervals within a mushroom productive stand after removing all other fruiting bodies from three plots. The number of dispersed spores increased with time from the first day (475 $spores/cm^2$) to the fourth day (836 $spores/cm^2$) after the pileus opened. The number of spores dispersed downward was about 1.5 times greater than that dispersed toward the ride. The number of dispersed spores decreased exponentially as the distance from each fruiting body increased. More than 95% of the spores dropped within a meter from the fruiting body, with 75% dropping within 0.5 m. Even so, the number of spores dispersed over 5 m from the fruiting body was more than 50 million when considering the total number of spores produced by a fruiting body is about 5 billion.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 1994

One hundred and ninety two isolates of Armillaria were obtained from mycelial fans on infected hosts, rhizomorphs, and single basidiospores or trauma tissue of fruiting bodies. Mating tests showed that two of these isolates were A. mellea, eight were A. tabescens, 20 were A. ostoyae, and 162 were A. gallica. Armillaria ostoyae was mainly isolated from Pinus koraiensis and Qurecus spp., A. tabescens from fruiting bodies on Pinus densiflora and Qurecus spp., and A. gallica from many tree species but not Pinus koraiensis. Armillaria mellea, A. gallica, A. ostoyae and A. tabescens showed distinct protein banding patterns. Mycelial growth and rhizomorph formation was good on basal medium with ethanol added. A. gallica and A. mellea formed many rhizomorphs, but A. ostoyae did not. A. gallica showed the best rhizomorph formation on media with tannic acid and ethanol, but a. mellea formed the most rhizomorphs on gallic acid. Rhizomorphs showed monopodial branching for A. gallica and dichotomous branching for A. ostoyae. Fruiting bodies. formed in the laboratory on sawdust media most abundantly by A. tabescens. In nature, fruit body formation by A. tabescens was from early to mid August. A. ostoyae and A. gallica fruit bodies were formed from early August to late October. While there are common names in Korea for A. mellea and A. tabescens, such as mulberry mushroom relative, no common names are available for A. gallica and A. ostoyae. Therefore, we refer to a. gallica as the Gastrodia mushroom because it has been used to produce Gastrodia and A. ostoyae as the Korean pine mushroom because it is frequently found as mushrooms on Korean pine.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2019

Sawdust cultivation of Lentinula edodes has been increasing in Korea. Fourteen strains were used to develop the best varieties of L. edodes, and hybridization was carried out by monohybrid cross. The number of hybridized strains was 1,638 among 3,100 combinations. They were cultivated on sawdust medium, and fruiting bodies were formed in 364 strains. Among them, 65 strains were selected as superior candidate strains based on the shape and size of the fruiting bodies. Forty strains formed fruiting bodies without lamellae structure. The shape of the stipe was cylindrical (255 strains), thick to lower part (15 strains), and thick to upper part (94 strains). By the combinations of 2462 n1-10 and 3420 n1-10, 2462 n1, 2462 n2, 2462 n10, and 3420 n3 were selected as excellent monokaryotic strains. These strains were considered to be superior monokaryotic strains that could be used for hybrid breeding.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.310-315
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• 2021

We investigated the effect of sodium chloride-associated abiotic stress on the development of Pleurotus ostreatus. We examined the growth characteristics of fruiting bodies, constituent amino acids, and fragrance pattern to determine the effect of culturing Pleurotus ostreatus on a sawdust substrate supplemented with sodium chloride in a dose-dependent manner. Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies exhibited an increasing tendency towards augmented yields when grown in the presence of 0.5% sodium chloride as compared with that grown in the control group. However, increasing the supplementation of sodium chloride from 1.0 % to 2.0% resulted in significantly decreased yields of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in these groups as compared with that in control groups. Further assessment revealed the presence of 14 types of amino acids in the fruiting bodies, including aspartate, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, and arginine, at lower levels in all the sodium chloride-treated groups than in the control group; except for glutamic acid and proline. Similarly, fragrance pattern analysis of the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body by chromatography confirmed that the intensity of the substances presumed to be octane compounds, to which the unique flavor of mushrooms is attributed, was lower in all the sodium chloride-treated groups than in the control group.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2020

This study was conducted to cultivate new Lepista nuda varieties with shorter cultivation period and better fruiting body compared to that of wild strains, for mass production and commercial application. Eighteen genetic resources of L. nuda were collected and grown in boxes using rice straw-fermented growth medium. Four lines with fruiting bodies were formed and selected as cross-breeding lines. Although 657 combinations were crossed through monospore crossing, only 17 combinations were bred between the 'CBMLN-19' line and the 'CBMLN-30' line. Among them, 8 lines with fast mycelial growth and high density were selected. After inoculating the rice straw-fermented growth medium with 14 genetic resources and 8 cross-breeding lines, their incubation period was investigated. Six of the cross-breeding lines completed their incubation in 20 days, while 7 of the 14 genetic resources took more than 40 days to complete their incubation, reducing the incubation period by more than 20 days in most cross-breeding lines. After the incubations were completed, the clay loam soil was covered with for post-cultivation, and when the mycelial cultivation was complete, the formation of fruiting bodies was induced after scraping the mycelial bodies under these environmental conditions: 14℃, 95% relative humidity or higher, and 1,500 to 2,000 ppm CO2 concentration. The temperature was reduced to 6℃ at night, resulting in a low temperature shock. Thus, 4 lines of fruiting bodies occurred from two genetic resources 'CBMLN-31' and 'CBMLN-44' and two cross-bred lines 'CBMLN-96' and 'CBMLN-103'. After inoculation, the longest period for fruiting bodies to occur was 100 days for the control:, the genetic resource 'CBMLN-31', and the shortest period (45 days) was observed for the cross-breeding line 'CBMLN-103'. The result of the investigation of the fruiting body characteristics shows that the cross-bred line 'CBMLN-103' showed a small form with 1.9 g of individual weight and 123validstipes per box, which was the highest incidence among the four lines. Another cross-bred line, 'CBMLN-96', had an individual weight of 5.5 g, which is larger than that of 'CBMLN-103'; however, the number of valid stipes per box was 30 less than that of 'CBMLN-103'. Quantity analysis showed that the control, 'CBMLN-31', had the highest quantity of 783 g per box, followed by the cross-bred line, 'CBMLN-96' with 165 g per box, and then the 'CBMLN-103' with 232 g. The quantity of the two crossbred lines was lower than that of the control 'CBMLN-31'; however, the amount of fruiting bodies was higher, and the cultivation period was shortened by 32 to 33 days. Therefore, these two lines would be selected as superior lines.