• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.675-688
• /
• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and the factors related to lifestyles in female college students with constipation. A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaires. Two hundred ninety one subjects participated in this study. All respondents were divided into three groups based on their frequency of stool evacuation: 129 subjects (44.3%) comprised the normal group, 109 (37.5%) the mild constipated group and 53 (18.2%) the severely constipated group. Abdominal pain and ailment during evacuation were higher and the feeling of relief after evacuation was lower in the normal group than in the two constipated groups. The greater the symptoms of constipation, the more laxatives were taken. The prevalence of constipation was lower in students who lived at home than in those who lived in other types of residences. The more pocket money the subject had, the more complaints they had about constipation symptoms. Forty three percent of the subjects ate meals regularly. The less frequently they ate meals and the greater the rate of skipping breakfasts and dining-out, the greater were their constipation symptoms. Rice and most of the food items in the vegetable food group were consumed less frequently in the two constipated groups than in the normal group. The severely constipated group ate food items in the fat group less frequently than the normal and mildly constipated groups. The beverage intake of the normal group tended to be lower than those of the two constipated groups; the constipated groups consumed fruits and vegetable juices less frequently and coffee and tea more frequently. The severely constipated group ate the least number of food items in the vegetable & fruit and fat food groups. Therefore, dietary habits and factors related to lifestyles should be changed through nutrition education programs aimed at improving the symptoms of constipation in young women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2017

Big data analysis is an effective analysis techniques of unstructured data such as internet, social network services, web documents generated in mobile environment, e-mail, and social data, as well as formal data well organized in the database. Thus, meta-analysis is a statistical integration method that delivers an opportunity to overview the entire result of integrating and analyzing many quantitative research results. Today, regardless of gender and age is increasing interest in whether you can lead a younger and healthier life. With this change of life which has been developed with a variety of functional health food. Aronia melanocarpa called black chokeberry is a fruit of berry plants belonging to the Rosaceae originally growing in the North America region. In the studies for factors related to quality characteristics and antioxidant activities as the extracts of Aronia in this study, which it is only targeted factors as total sugar, acidity, polyphenol, anthocyanin, antioxidant. Thus, we present the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.565-574
• /
• 2016

This study investigated eating behaviors of high school students (209 males and 230 females) in Daegu region by gender. As a result of analyzing breakfast intake frequency, 'Not rarely eat' showed the highest (25.1%), followed by '5 times a week' (24.4%), '2 times a week' (17.3%), '3 times a week' (15.0%), '1 time a week' (11.6%), and '4 times a week' (6.6%). Regarding reasons for skipping breakfast, 'lack of time' showed the highest percentages. For their breakfast, 53.5% of students ate boiled rice with side dishes. Regarding reasons for skipping breakfast, 'buy and eat snack' showed the highest percentages. Regarding favorite breakfast menu, 'rice roll, rice ball, rice burger' showed the highest percentage (55.4%), followed by 'bread & cereal' (28.7%) and 'fruits & vegetable' (7.7%). Regarding purchase of breakfast alternatives, 'Yes' was highest. Considering actors for choosing a breakfast alternative, there is a need for 'convenience of food consumption', 'spending less time', 'easy cooking', 'favorite menu' and 'taste' of the breakfast alternative. When asked how much they like breakfast alternative menus, they responded that they liked 'rice roll, rice ball, rice burger' (3.91), 'bread & cereal' (3.67), 'fruit & vegetable' (3.66), 'noodle' (3.39), 'porridge' (3.18) and 'rice cake' (3.07). This result shows that breakfast menus should be developed according to high school students preferences.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.439-452
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns of generally healthy Korean middle-aged women and to examine associations of the dietary patterns with socio-demographic, psychological, and physical characteristics. Data were drawn from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which is an ongoing national surveillance system. Healthy female subjects aged 40-64 years and provided the health interview examination and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were included. We conducted factor analysis based on daily mean intake frequency of 26 food groups and identified 3 major dietary patterns, healthy, convenient, and alcohol-animal. The healthy pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fish, seafood, poultry, mushroom, seaweed, vegetable, tomato, potato, and fruit, the convenient pattern by processed meat and fish, ramen, noodle and rice cake, sweet snack, egg, bread, and fast food, and the alcohol-animal pattern by alcohol, poultry, meat, and fish. The healthy pattern was significantly related with higher socio-economic status, more stable family structure, healthier mentality, and sounder status of anthropometric and biochemical variables. Those with higher factor scores for the convenience pattern were found to be younger and having higher socio-economic status, higher subjective levels of health, and lower subjective levels of worry on health. Several physical characteristics significantly improved as the levels of the convenience pattern increased. The alcohol-animal pattern was significantly associated with several socio-demographic characteristics including a low education level, a young age, a small family size, and blue-collar jobs. Public health policy makers can utilize the study findings to select prior target populations with higher needs and to tailor dietary behavioral messages to lower chronic disease risks among Korean middle-aged women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.307-322
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to examine dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes by gender and nutrition knowledge level in upper-grade school children. Subjects were 223 boys and 208 girls attending 13 elementary schools (5 th and 6 th graders). A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, food frequency, and dietary attitudes. Nutrition knowledge score assessed by 19 questions was significantly higher in girls than in boys. There were significant differences between boys and girls in several items in dietary habits such as enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and degree of saltiness of dishes. Girls consumed staple foods such as rice, noodles or bread more frequently, and consumed less frequently ramyun, fried foods, fast foods, and Chinese foods than boys. In addition, girls had more positive dietary attitudes in trying to reduce fast foods, Chinese foods, ramyun and fried foods. Also children in the high or moderate nutrition knowledge level groups had better dietary habits in frequency of meals, frequency of breakfast, enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, activity during the meal, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and better food choices by eating staple foods and vegetable side dishes, meats and beans more frequently, and fried foods, doughnuts/cakes, Chinese foods less frequently, and had better dietary attitudes in breakfast, vegetables and fruit intake than children in the low nutrition knowledge level group. Our results showed that dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes were different by gender and nutrition knowledge level. These results suggest that in developing nutrition education program for elementary school children, the differences between gender and nutrition knowledge level should be considered. Nutrition education in elementary schools may change dietary habits and dietary attitudes through increasing nutrition knowledge.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to observe recent changes in adolescents' dietary behavior and indirectly evaluate the effects of the government's nutritional policies in Korea. Methods: We analyzed the secular trends in seven dietary behaviors using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data from 2005 to 2009. Through literature review, we included the policies implemented for the improvement of adolescents' dietary behaviors during the same periods. Results: The significant linear trends were observed in all dietary behaviors (p<0.05). Overall, all behaviors except the fruit intake rate were desirably changed during five years but undesirable changes were observed between 2008 and 2009 in all behaviors. Within those periods, several policies were implemented including 'Ban on carbonated-beverages in school', 'Green Food Zone', etc. Despite confirmed evidence of their effects, the policies on individual behavior such as nutrition education didn't influence the prevalence of dietary behaviors because they were conducted to too limited persons. Polices on the school environmental improvement, such as ban on carbonated beverage in school, were more effective because they decreased the exposure of undesirable food environment. However, for effect of Green Food Zone improving community environment we couldn't come to a conclusion because of too short period after full implementation. Conclusions: Among government nutrition policies conducted from 2005 to 2009, those on environmental improvement, especially in school, were more effective than those on individual behavior. Therefore, the development and implement of policies on school environmental improvement are needed in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate improvement of food habits and eating behavior in children with obesity and precocious puberty by nutritional education monitoring. The results are as follows. Average height and weight of subjects exceeded Korean height and weight standards for children as outlined by The Korea Pediatric Society. Using nutrition education monitoring, meals became more regular, overeating significantly decreased, and eating speed decreased. Further, frequencies of eating-out and night-eating significantly decreased. The most preferred menu item when eating-out was Korean food, and the most preferred menu item for night-eating was fruits, fast food, & processed food. Meat & fish and vegetable intakes all significantly increased. Fruit and milk intakes also significantly increased while bread, snack, and ice cream intakes decreased. Further, fast food & instant food intakes decreased. However, water intake was not significantly affected. The favorite food of children was meat & fish, followed by fast food & processed food. This study may provide information on dietary behavior of children with obesity and precocious puberty and suggests that nutrition education or counseling can improve food habits and eating behavior.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.341-352
• /
• 2008

The number of school lunch-supported children who belong to low-income families has been rapidly increased in Korea. This study was aimed at evaluation of nutritional status of school lunch-supported elementary school children. One hundred school lunch-supported children and 119 non-supported children of fourth to sixth year class in 3 elementary schools in Gyeongbuk rural area were selected, and surveys were conducted twice, i.e., once during school term and once during summer vacation in 2006. Food consumption survey during school term was carried out through an interview by dieticians at school-lunch time using a 24-hour recall method, and the survey during summer vacation conducted by recording food intakes for three days by children. Nutrient intakes were calculated using CAN-Pro 3.0 program. School lunch-supported children showed higher rate of skipping breakfast and rather irregular meal time as compared to non-supported students. Eating alone was more frequent in school lunch-supported children than in nonsupported children. The average nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy ratios were lower in supported children than in non-supported children. During term, percentages of nutrient intakes provided by school-lunch were higher in supported children than in non-supported children. Intakes of energy nutrients were within acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, but proportion of carbohydrate intake increased during vacation. Analysis of patterns of food intakes based on major food groups (dairy, meat, grain, fruit, vegetable) indicated that meals during term were more balanced as compared to meals during vacation. In conclusion, food behaviors and nutrient intakes of school lunchsupported children were inferior to those of non-supported children during term and during summer vacation. They were provided with more nutrient intakes from school lunch during term as compared to non-supported children. Therefore, it is necessary not only to keep meal support program during vacation but also to provide a proper nutrition education as a part of school lunch program to improve nutritional status and food behaviors of school lunch-supported children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.755-764
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in Koreans, and eating habits, including diet quality, are among the etiologies of these diseases. Recently, various studies on regional health disparities have been conducted. However, there are limited studies on their relationship with nutritional factors. This study aimed to identify the magnitude of regional disparities in diet quality and prevalence of CVD in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 17,646 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the 7^th (2013-2016) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were classified into four groups based on their residential areas: City 1, City 2, City 3, and non-city. Demographic characteristics, health-related factors, body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome index, diet quality, and CVD prevalence were evaluated. RESULTS: In terms of demographic characteristics, age (P < 0.001), marital status (P < 0.001), educational level (P < 0.001), and income (P < 0.001) were lower in the non-city category. Health-related factors such as monthly drinking rate (P < 0.01) and mental stress (P < 0.05) were the highest in City 1 and lowest in the non-city group. Conversely, the current smoking rate (P < 0.05), BMI (P < 0.05), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001) were the highest in the non-city group (P < 0.05). The non-city group also had the highest prevalence of CVDs (35.6%). This group had the lowest diet quality index (68.36 ± 0.22, P < 0.01), caused by low intake of fruit and calcium, a lack of sodium moderation, and an overall imbalance in the macronutrient and fatty acid ratio. When the diet quality index was increased by 1, the odds ratio for the prevalence of CVDs was reduced by 0.991 (P < 0.001), but this was not the case in all regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides useful information and data in identifying and resolving the regional health disparities related to CVD prevalence and implementation of public health nutrition systems.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2022

Based on the nutritional component analysis data of the Rural Development Administration, the change in the main nutrients of vegetables for 40 years from 1981 to 2021 was investigated. Nutrients that showed a decreasing tendency during the investigation period in fruit vegetables were calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid, etc. In root vegetables, it tended to decrease in calcium, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid, etc. In leaf vegetables, it tended to decrease in iron, niacin, and ascorbic acid, etc. In leaf and stem vegetables, it tended to decrease in energy, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid, etc. In particular, it has been confirmed that vitamin reductions such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid, which have important meanings in vegetable intake, have occurred in vegetables over the past 40 years.