• Title/Summary/Keyword: fruit growth

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Characteristics of a new Hypsizigus marmoreus variety 'Yunseul' with little bitterness and high yield (쓴 맛이 적은 다수성 느티만가닥버섯 신품종 '윤슬')

  • Choi, Jun-Yeong;Shin, Bok-Eum;Baek, Il-Seon;Kim, Yeon-Jin;Kim, Jeong-Han;Choi, Jong-In;Ha, Tai-Moon;Jeong, Gu-Hyun
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.113-118
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    • 2022
  • This study was conducted to diversify the cultivation of mushroom items and develop a competitive variety of Hypsizigus marmoreus. We focused on developing Hypsizigus marmoreus with lower bitterness, likable shape, and high yield. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and abroad since 2019. Breeding (2019), characterization (2020), productivity test (2021), and farm demonstration test (2021) have been sequentially conducted. We bred the new variety 'Yunseul' with unique traits. The optimal temperature for mycelial and fruit body growth were 22-25℃ and 15-18℃, respectively. It was similar to the control variety (Mangadak-2Ho) in the pileus form (hemispherical shape) and the cultivation period. However, it was thinner and longer than the control variety with the pileus diameter, thickness, stipe diameter, and length being 19.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 9.4 mm, and 86.3 mm, respectively. The effective number of fruit bodies was 47.8 in bottle cultivation, which was more than that of the control variety. The yield was 197.4 g/bottle (1,100 cc), which was 30% higher than the yield of the control variety, 151.9 g/bottle (1,100 cc). The parent and control varieties were also incubated alongside the new variety. The somatic incompatibility line was distinct. The band pattern in the mycelial DNA PCR reaction was different from that of the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

Estimation of Chlorophyll Contents in Pear Tree Using Unmanned AerialVehicle-Based-Hyperspectral Imagery (무인기 기반 초분광영상을 이용한 배나무 엽록소 함량 추정)

  • Ye Seong Kang;Ki Su Park;Eun Li Kim;Jong Chan Jeong;Chan Seok Ryu;Jung Gun Cho
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.39 no.5_1
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    • pp.669-681
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    • 2023
  • Studies have tried to apply remote sensing technology, a non-destructive survey method, instead of the existing destructive survey, which requires relatively large labor input and a long time to estimate chlorophyll content, which is an important indicator for evaluating the growth of fruit trees. This study was conducted to non-destructively evaluate the chlorophyll content of pear tree leaves using unmanned aerial vehicle-based hyperspectral imagery for two years(2021, 2022). The reflectance of the single bands of the pear tree canopy extracted through image processing was band rationed to minimize unstable radiation effects depending on time changes. The estimation (calibration and validation) models were developed using machine learning algorithms of elastic-net, k-nearest neighbors(KNN), and support vector machine with band ratios as input variables. By comparing the performance of estimation models based on full band ratios, key band ratios that are advantageous for reducing computational costs and improving reproducibility were selected. As a result, for all machine learning models, when calibration of coefficient of determination (R2)≥0.67, root mean squared error (RMSE)≤1.22 ㎍/cm2, relative error (RE)≤17.9% and validation of R2≥0.56, RMSE≤1.41 ㎍/cm2, RE≤20.7% using full band ratios were compared, four key band ratios were selected. There was relatively no significant difference in validation performance between machine learning models. Therefore, the KNN model with the highest calibration performance was used as the standard, and its key band ratios were 710/714, 718/722, 754/758, and 758/762 nm. The performance of calibration showed R2=0.80, RMSE=0.94 ㎍/cm2, RE=13.9%, and validation showed R2=0.57, RMSE=1.40 ㎍/cm2, RE=20.5%. Although the performance results based on validation were not sufficient to estimate the chlorophyll content of pear tree leaves, it is meaningful that key band ratios were selected as a standard for future research. To improve estimation performance, it is necessary to continuously secure additional datasets and improve the estimation model by reproducing it in actual orchards. In future research, it is necessary to continuously secure additional datasets to improve estimation performance, verify the reliability of the selected key band ratios, and upgrade the estimation model to be reproducible in actual orchards.

Breeding of New Ever-bearing Strawberry 'Miha' with High Hardness (고경도 사계성 딸기 '미하' 육성)

  • Jong Nam Lee;Jong Taek Suh;Su Jeong Kim;Hwang Bae Shon;Ki Deog Kim;Hye Jin Kim;Mi Ja Choi;Yul Ho Kim;Su Young Hong
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2024
  • 'Miha' is a new strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivar, which was released by the Highland Agriculture Research Institute in 2019. The 'Miha' cultivar originates from a 2014 cross between 'Monterey' and 'Saebong No. 3', both of which exhibited excellent ever-bearing characteristics, including continuous flowering and large fruits under long-day and high temperature conditions. This new cultivar was initially named 'Saebong No. 12' after examining its characteristics and productivity during summer cultivation between 2015 and 2019. After regional adaptability tests, 'Miha' was selected from 'Saebong No. 12' as an elite cultivar. The general characteristics of 'Miha' include intermediate, elliptic leaves, and strong growth. The fruits are conical and of a dark-red color. The number of leaves of 'Miha' was 21.9, which was 6.2 fewer than that of the control cultivar, 'Goha' with 28.1. The number of flower clusters of 'Miha' was similar to that of 'Goha'. The average fruit weight of 'Miha' was 13.4 g, which was 4.3 g heavier than that of 'Goha'. The fruit hardness of 'Miha' was 36.2 g·mm-2, which was 10.1 g·mm-2 harder than that of 'Goha'. The marketable yield of 'Miha' was 37,393 kg·ha-1, 156% more than that of 'Goha' with 23,970 kg·ha-1. Therefore, the new cultivar of ever-bearing strawberry 'Miha' is expected to be very popular in the export or bakery market because it is hard.

Analysis of Contributing Factor for Cation Ratio to Calcium in Nutrient Solution on the Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Sweet Pepper 'RZ208' Grown in Hydroponics (파프리카 배꼽썩음과 발생에 미치는 배양액 내 칼슘에 대한 양이온 기여인자 분석)

  • Lee, Hye-Jin;Oh, Jeong-Sim;Choi, Ki-Young;Lee, Yong-Beom;Bae, Jong-Hyang;Rhee, Han-Cheol;Kim, Dong-Eok
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2012
  • This study aimed to investigate the responses of plant growth and blossom-end rot (BER) incidence to calcium (Ca) and its three kinds of antagonistic cations (K, Mg, and $NH_4$-N) with various ratios in nutrient solution for sweet paper (Capsicum annuum L. 'RZ208'). Both Ca to each cation and Ca to a series of cation combinations, such as potassium (K), ammonium nitrate ($NH_4$), or magnesium (Mg) were more influential to the fruit growth and quality than plant growth. Especially, the BER incidence was significantly influenced by the ratio treatments. For examples, when Ca:(K + Mg) or Ca:(K + Mg + $NH_4$) ratio was 1:2 the highest incident rate of BER about 70.3 or 86.3% was observed, lowering the marketable yield to 19 or 13.7% of the total yield, respectively. The correlation coefficiencies (= r) to relationships between the BER and K as well as BER and $NH_4$ were 0.82 (P < 0.05) and 0.65 (P < 0.05), respectively. Combination only with the Mg element was not correlated with the BER incidence. However, when both of the K and Mg concentrations were 0.65 (P < 0.05). The highest correlation coefficiency, 0.92 (P < 0.05), was found to a relationship between the BER and the tree elemental combination.

Antioxidant Activities of Prunus salicina Lind cv. Soldam (Plum) at Different Growth Stages (생육 시기에 따른 피자두(Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Soldam)의 항산화 효과)

  • Yu Mi-Hee;Lee Syngook;Im Hyo Gwon;Kim Hyun Jeong;Lee In-Seon
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.358-363
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    • 2004
  • This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Soldam at different growth stages (sample 1-8). Previous studies shows that this fruits possess hematopoiesis effect, osteoporosis prevention, and antimutagenic effects. Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. soldam was picked in every 5 days from the 40th day before harvesting date for marketing in Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk. The fruits at different growth stages (sample 1-8) were extracted with 60$\%$ acetone and chlorophyll in the extracts was removed. In proximate compositions, the contents of moisture of sample 1, 5, 8 were 88.52, 87.01, 83.56$\%$ ; crude ash were 7.12, 3.35, 3.57$\%$ ; crude protein were 7.52, 5.55, 3.85$\%$ ; crude fat contents were 3.20, 0.99, 5.15$\%$, respectively. The contents of total polyphenols and condensed tannin in the acetone extracts from sample 1, 5, 8 were 10.67, 4.05, 2.57$\%$, and 8.36, 3.11, 1.88$\%$, respectively. The antioxidantive effect of acetone extracts from immature fruits showed strong scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals. The RC$_{50}$ values of the extracts from sample 1, 2 were 2.23, 9.70 $\mu$g/mL, respectively while those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BRA) was 5.25 $\mu$g/mL. The extracts from immature fruits showed over 85$\%$ inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid at 100 $\mu$g/mL as determined by both the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.

Effect of the Concentration of Humic Acid on Growth and Yield of Organically Cultivated Hot-Pepper (휴믹산 농도가 유기농 고추의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Min-Jeong;Shim, Chang-Ki;Kim, Yong-Ki;Park, Jong-Ho;Han, Eun-Jung;Ko, Byong-Gu
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humic acid on the germination, the growth and the yield of hot pepper when treated with organic hot pepper seedlings and growing season. The germination rate of 0.05% and 0.1% humic acid was higher than that of untreated, but the germination rates of 0.4% and 1.0% humic acid were 90.0% and 86.7%, respectively, compared with the control treatment (96.7%). At 30 days after transplanting, hot pepper treated with low (0.05%) or high (1.0%) concentration of humic acid decreased the growth of hot pepper seedlings, whereas 0.2% humic acid treatment significantly increased a average height (97.6 cm), leaf number (84.7) and fresh weight ($128.1g\;plant^{-1}$) of hot pepper. After 60 days of treatment with humic acid, the height of hot pepper was significantly longer in 0.2% humic acid. The mean green fruit number of 0.2%, 0.1% and 0.05% humic acid were not significantly different among the treatments, but the mean green pepper number of 0.4% and 1.0% humic acid treatments were the higher with 35.2% and 29.1%, respectively than other treatments. However, the fresh weight of green pepper was found to be $111.5g\;plant^{-1}$ more heavier than the untreated in 0.2% humic acid. The total ($5.8kg\;plant^{-1}$) and average ($1.4kg\;plant^{-1}$) fresh weight of pepper were higher than that of untreated control, except for the 1.0% humic acid treatment after 60 days of soil irrigation. The total weight of hot pepper treated with 0.2% and 0.1% humic acid treatment was $9.3kg\;plant^{-1}$ and $8.6kg\;plant^{-1}$, respectively, which were heavier than the other treatments. The effect of humic acid concentrations on soil microbial populations, pH and EC was investigated. The soil bacterial population density of 0.2% humic acid treatment was 3.5 times higher than that of untreated control soil. As the concentration of humic acid increased from 0.05% to 1.0%, pH and EC of hot pepper grown soil also increased.

Comparison of Growth Period and Local Climate for 'Hongro' Apple Orchards Located at Different Altitudes in Jangsu-Gun (장수군의 해발고도별 '홍로' 사과원의 미기상 및 생육기 비교)

  • Song, Ju-Hee;Seo, Byung Sun;Choi, Dong Geun;Choi, In Myung;Kang, In-Kyu;Guak, Sunghee
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to compare the local climate conditions and growth periods for the apple (Malus domestica 'Borkh') orchards at different altitudes (330, 500, and 670 m) in Jangsu-Gun, Korea. Observation data for the growth period show that the monthly mean air temperatures at the 'Hongro' apple orchard sites decrease with height at the rate of 1.0 to $3.0^{\circ}C$/100 m. The monthly minimum temperatures in April (blooming period for 'Hongro' apple) were 4.3, 2.9, and $0.4^{\circ}C$ at 330, 500, and 670 m, respectively. The monthly mean temperatures in September (i.e., the coloration and maturation period) were 20.6, 18.7, and $14.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. The annual precipitation range varied from 1,234 to 1,439 mm, which tended to increase with height. The heavy rainfall occurred in summer (June to August) and amounted to 827-933 mm. No significant differences in the duration of sunshine were observed amongst the orchards at three different altitudes. The earliest bud break was observed at the 330 m altitude (18 March 2009), which was 4 and 11 days earlier in comparison to those at 500 and 670 m, respectively. The time of full bloom at 330 m was 12 days ahead of that at 670 m. The optimal maturation of fruit (based on skin redness > 80%) was observed between 7 and 10 September at 330 m, 15 and 18 September at 500 m, and 21 and 23 September at 670 m.

Effect of Salt Concentration in Soil on the Growth, Yield, Photosynthetic Rate, and Mineral Uptake of Tomato in Protected Cultivation (토양 염류농도가 시설토마토의 생육, 수량, 광합성속도 및 무기양분 흡수에 미치는 영향)

  • Rhee, Han-Cheol;Cho, Myeung-Whan;Lee, Si-Young;Choi, Gyeong-Lee;Lee, Jae-Han
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.328-332
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high concentrations of salts in soil on the growth, yield, quality, photosynthetic rate, and mineral uptake of tomato ('House Momotaro') in pot cultivation. The growth of tomato such as plant height, top plant weight and root weight decreased as the concentrations of salts in soils increased. Yield decreased by 31% and 41% in EC 5.0 and $7.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, respectively compared with the salt concentration of EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Yield reduction was caused by low mean weight and number of fruit if at high salt concentration in soil, and affected by low photosynthetic rate and water potential in leaf, The rate of blossom-end rot was highest (16.7%) in EC $7.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and increased as the concentrations of salts in soils increased. The contents of soluble solids and titratable acids showed a tendency to increase with increasing the concentrations of salts in soils. Photosynthetic rate, water potential and stomatal conductance in leaf decreased as the salt concentration in soil increased. The higher the salt concentration in soil, the lower the mineral uptake such as T-N, P, K, Ca and Mg but, the higher the content of Na.

Lowered Substrate pH Reduced the Bicarbonate Injury during Vegetative Growth of 'Ssanta' Strawberry (혼합상토의 pH 저하가 영양생장 중인 '싼타' 딸기의 중탄산 피해 경감에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hee Su;Cheung, Jong Do;Choi, Jong Myung
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2017
  • Objective of this research was to investigate the influence of lowered substrate pH on the reduction of bicarbonate injury in the vegetative growth of 'Ssanta' strawberry. The acid substrate was formulated by mixing sphagnum peat moss with pine bark (5:5, v/v) and the pH, EC, and CEC of the substrate were 4.07, $0.46dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and $91.3cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively. To adjust the pH of acid substrate, various amount of dolomitic lime [$CaMg(CO_3)_2$] were incorporated with the rate of 0 (untreated), 1, 2, 3, and $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Then, mother plants were transplanted and grown with fertilizer solution containing $240mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of the $HCO_3{^-}$ and equal concentrations of essential nutrients to Hoagland solution. In growth of 'Ssanta' strawberry, fresh weight of mother plants were the highest in the treatment of $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime such as 102.1 g followed by 94.7 g in $1g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 91.2 g in $3g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 75.7 g in $0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and 72.3 g in $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatments. The dry weight showed a similar tendency to fresh weight. At 140 days after transplanting, 5.8, 9.8, 11.8, 8.8, and 5.0 daughter plants were derived from each of the mother plants in the treatments of 0, 1, 2, 3, and $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime, respectively. The highest occurrence of daughter plants were observed in the treatments $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime. The substrate pH and bicarbonate concentration of 'Ssanta' strawberry seedlings in the 1 and $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime treatments were maintained at a proper range such as 5.6 to 6.2. The micro-nutrient contents of above ground tissue in mother plants were the highest in $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the lowest in $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime treatment. The above results indicate that incorporation rate of dolomitic lime in acid substrate with the pH of around 4 is $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ to raise the 'Ssanta' strawberry in propagation.

Effect of Reduced Nitrogen Fertigation Rates on Growth and Yield of Tomato (질소 관비량 절감이 토마토 생육 및 수량에 미치는 효과)

  • Lee, In-Bog;Lim, Jae-Hyun;Park, Jin-Myeon
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.306-312
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    • 2007
  • To investigate the effect of N fertigation on the growth, yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiencies during tomato cultivation, seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam soil under plastic film house condition. 0, 88, 132, 176, $220\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ N rates, which correspond to 0 (NF0), 40 (NF40), 60 (NF60), 80 (NF80), 100% (NF100) N level of soil test-based N fertilization, were injected weekly through drip irrigation system for 15 weeks in N fertigation system, and the control (conventional N treatment) was installed for comparison. Herein, nitrogen was applied by top-dressing with 60% as a basal and 40% as additional fertilizer. There was little different in stem diameter growth among N fertigation treatments, but plant height and dry matter increased with increasing N fertigation rates as well as in N conventional treatment. Tomato yield was increased with increasing the number of marketable fruits in N fertigation treatments, and the fruit yield was maximized in NF 80 treatment ($176\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ N supply or $96.6\;mg\;L^{-1}$ N injection). Dry matter productivity and nitrogen uptake amount were significantly increased with increasing N fertigation rates. The ratio of fruits to the dry weight of whole plant was decreased with increasing N fertigation rates, but this ratio was $2.6{\sim}5.3%$ higher in N fertigation treatments than in the control. In addition, the ratios of nitrogen distributed toward fruits in N fertigation treatments were $3.7{\sim}21.7%$ higher than that of control. The apparent N recovery percentages showed significantly higher values as $71.8{\sim}102.3%$ in N fertigation treatments, compared to 45% in N conventional treatment. Water use efficiency was significantly increased by fertigation system with the maximum $361\;kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$ in NF 80, which is comparable to $324\;kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$ of the conventional treatment. Conclusively, N fertigation system was effective on increasing tomato productivity and nutrient efficiency as well as 20% reduction of N fertilization level.