• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.838-842
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• 2009

We explored how 'Wonwhang' pear fruit quality was affected by selenium (Se) application. The fruit skin color and fruit type differed between Se-treated trees and controls. Se-treated fruits had higher potassium and Se concentrations, more fruit soluble solids, and lower acidity, compared to the controls. All Se treatments improved fruit firmness during cold temperature storage compared to the controls. Also, Se-treated fruits had greater specific gravity and minuteness, which reduced fruit pithiness and rendered test fruits denser than the controls. Overall, Se foliar application improved fruits marketability compared to the Se fertilization or Se trunk injection.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2010

Chlorophyll fluorescence has been researched for assessing fruit post-harvest quality and condition. The objective of this preliminary research was to investigate the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy for measuring apple fruit quality. Ultraviolet (UV) and blue light was used as an excitation source for inducing fluorescence in apples. Fluorescence spectra were measured from 'Golden Delicious' (GD) and 'Red Delicious' (RD) apples using a visible/near-infrared spectrometer after one, three, and five minutes of continuous UV/blue light illumination. Standard destructive tests were performed to measure fruit firmness, skin and flesh color, soluble solids and acid content from the apples. Calibration models for each of the three illumination time periods were developed to predict fruit quality indexes. The results showed that fluorescence emission decreased steadily during the first three minutes of UV/blue light illumination and was stable within five minutes. The differences were minimal in the model prediction results based on fluorescence data at one, three or five minutes of illumination. Overall, better predictions were obtained for apple skin chroma and hue and flesh hue with values for the correlation coefficient of validation between 0.80 and 0.90 for both GD and RD. Relatively poor predictions were obtained for fruit firmness, soluble solids content, titrational acid, and flesh chroma. This research has demonstrated that fluorescence spectroscopy is potentially useful for assessing selected quality attributes of apple fruit and further research is needed to improve fluorescence measurements so that better predictions of fruit quality can be achieved.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.19-21
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• 2002

Suwonppong, which is the leading mulberry variety, has the fertility and the characteristics of fruit that are listed bellow. The percent of making seed is 61.8%, the percent of sank seed is 54.7% and the percent of germination is 95%. the percent of cross success is 31.8%. The single fruit weight of mulberry fruit is 3.58 g and its size is medium and big, the color of it is black. The sugar content of mulberry fruit is 15.7%(Brix), the total acidity is 0.18%, and the pH is 6.3. The maturing period of mulberry fruit is medium maturity and the degree of fruit setting is the same as Cheongilppong.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2010

Sweet pepper inbred lines (KNU1003, KNU1006, KNU1007, KNU1009, KNU1015, KNU1017 and KNU2006) developed at Kangwon National University (KNU) through conventional means, inbred lines (5AVS1, 5AVS2, 5AVS3, 5AVS5, 5AVS7 and 5AVS8) collected at Rural Development Administration (RDA) and inbred lines (SP12, SP27 and SP14) derived from anther culture were used as female parents and anther culture derived homozygous lines (SP9, SP10, SP14, SP24, SP25, SP27, SP30, SP32, SP34, SP38, SP43, SP45 and SP51) were used as male parents to produce $F_1$ hybrids. A total of 37 $F_1$ hybrids were evaluated for fruit yield and quality characters in summer season, 2007. Variation in fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit volume was observed among the $F_1$ hybrids. Superiority on yield over standard/commercial varieties were differed among $F_1$ hybrids. Hybrid $5AVS8{\times}SP45$ exhibited highest heterosis over Special (16.5%) and Fiesta (24.7%). Fruit quality characters (fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness, total soluble solid, fruit shape and fruit color) were varied among the $F_1$ hybrids. Fruit number, fruit weight and fruit volume per plant were correlated with fruit yield. Based on the standard heterosis expressed by the hybrids and quality characters evaluation, $KNU1017{\times}SP27$, $5AVS1{\times}SP43$, $5AVS5{\times}SP27$, $5AVS8{\times}SP45$, $SP12{\times}SP38$ and $SP27{\times}SP25$ hybrids were found to be superior over commercial cultivars and are selected. Inbred lines of these hybrid combinations can be used to produce $F_1$ hybrid seed for commercial production.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.317-320
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• 2009

'Niitaka' (Pyrus pyriforia) has been the major cultivar of the Asian pear since the 1970s, and yielded about 70% of pear production in South Korea in 2002. When Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving Day) is earlier than the fruit maturation period, farmers seek to advance the harvesting date to keep pace with the increase in consumer demand caused by the holiday. However, unripened fruit is of suboptimal marketable value because the flesh has a low soluble solid content, the fruit color is not attractive, and stone volume is high. Compost treatment can enhance soil microbial activity and affect soil chemistry, which may accelerate fruit maturation and allow an earlier harvesting date. Therefore, we examined the effect of 2 years of compost application on the fruit quality of Asian pear trees grown under conventional management conditions. The Hunter "L" and "a" values were higher in compost-treated fruit, which also showed greater sweetness and lower acidity than did conventional fruit. The stone volume was reduced and fruit calcium concentration was increased by compost treatment. Therefore, compost treatment may advance fruit harvesting owing to the increased marketability afforded by attractive skin color, sweetness, and reduced stone volume.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.245-253
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to investigate the quality characteristics of nutritional cereal bars with various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20%) of Citrus fruit extract. Regarding the color of nutritional cereal bars, the L value decreased according to the amount of nutritional cereal bars added, whereas a, b color values increased. The nutritional cereal bar with 5, 10, 15, and 20% Citrus fruit extract had a significantly lower hardness value than the control nutritional cereal bar. The result of a sensory test showed that the scores for color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability were the highest for the nutritional cereal bar with 15% Citrus fruit extract. The nutritional cereal bar with 20% Citrus fruit extract attained the highest flavor score. The results indicated that optimal concentration of Citrus fruit extract in nutritional cereal bars were 15%. The quality characteristics of the nutritional cereal bar were also potential materials for good healthy food.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find out the influence of red LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting on the photosynthesis, vegetative growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.26 adult apple tree during night after sunset. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at daytime of red LED treatments was not different to those of the control. However, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at the nighttime of red LED treatments were lower than those of the control, and the red LED lighting during night after sunset was not induce to photosynthesize at nighttime. In the leaf characteristics, the red LED lighting seemed to increase leaf area and C/N ratio, but decrease SPAD value. The bourse shoot length of the red LED treatments was shorter than that of the control. In the fruit quality, the red LED lighting seemed to increase ethylene production, respiration rate, soluble solid content and fruit red color, and especially the fruit red color tend to increase as the red LED lighting time was longer. In conclusion, the red LED lighting during night after sunset of 'Fuji'/M.26 apple tree promoted the fruit maturation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum storage temperature and the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the postharvest physiology and quality of plumcot (Prunus salicina Lindle. ${\times}$ Prunus armeniaca L.) 'Harmony' fruits. plumcot fruits were stored at 0, 5, 10, and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively, with three different ripeness stages grouped by skin color development. Furthermore, we treated $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP was treated at $10^{\circ}C$ for 17 hours and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 12 days to evaluate the effectiveness for better shelf-life. The results indicated that lower storage temperature than room temperature effectively reduced the respiration rate with delaying quality changes. While, the fruits showed worse fruit taste than the fruits stored at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. Reversely, the fruits stored at $20^{\circ}C$ showed more respiration rate and ethylene production. 1-MCP treatment effectively reduced the skin red color development, ethylene production, $CO_2$ and softening of plumcot 'Harmony' fruits. Overall data indicated that the optimum harvest time and storage temperature could be 30-50% red color and near $10^{\circ}C$. Postharvest 1-MCP application at the level of $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ could maintain fruit quality well in plumcot fruits.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2014

Hunter value ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) is a rapid and convenience method for compare with different skin color, but not suitable to compare quality with various grape cultivars. Color Index for Red Grapes (CIRG) is one of a simply convert method for grape skin color as numeric data, and many previously result showed that high correlation between CIRG index and various quality factors of grape. In this experiment, we measured CIRG index, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and total anthocyanin content on the grapes (Campbell Early, Heukbosuk, Kyoho) from the varaison to harvest. As a result, CIRG index and anthocyanin contents have an exponential correlation; r-square is each 0.8595 in the 'Campbell Early' and 0.8500 in 'Heukbosuk'. And TSS and CIRG index have a positive r-square, at the Campbell Early is 0.7758 and Heukbosuk is 0.7253. Also TA and CIRG index have a positive r-square, at the Campbell Early is 0.7279 and Heukbosuk is 0.6630. These results were shown that CIRG index is a reliable indicator for a none-destructive evaluation of the grape quality.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.07a
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• pp.133-170
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• 1995

The major objectives of fruit breeding lie in improvement of cultivar, easy to be cultivated and of high quality, in order to produce unexpensive, delicious fruit both for fresh fruit market and processing. Recently, fruit breeding in Korea has contributed to breeding of several superior cultivars in major fruit crops, resulting in appreciable improvement in qualities such as skin color, taste and fruit-bearing habit concerned with productivity. In spite of accomplishments mentioned above, the need for both highly disease-resistant cultivars and long-keeping, physiological disorder-resistant cultivars to meet long distance transsportation in the temperate fruit crops of apples, oriental pears, stone fruits such as peaches, and grapes grown in Korea is rapidly pressing more than ever, as cultivars of today susceptible to pests and diseases and vulnerable to physiological disorders are very expensive and time-consuming in post-harvest handling and management. Thus, imporvements made in the above problems through breeding level will lead to the really enhanced productivity in fruit industry. The major impediments of tree size, the long length of juvenile period and the highly heterogeneous genetic composition to the improvement of fruit crops are responsible for the lower amount and rate of improvements of fruit crops as compared to annuals. Considering the expected limitations of the above problems to be solved through conventional breeding methods and strategy, a turning point of breeding a near perfect cultivar would be laid down if innovative breakthroughs in biological technology will be realized in applying some of the techniques of genetic manipulation at the molecular level to the cultivar improvement of fruit crops, such as the selective insertion of DNA carrying genes that govern desirable characteristics. More than anything else, those traits such as fruiting habit deciding productivity, elements of fruit qualities conditioned by monogene, and disease-and pest-resistance of vital importance for successful fruit growing are urgently desired to be improved by advancement of biotechnology for they are more than difficult and need long period to be attained through conventional breeding method.