• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.780-783
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• 2004

The two-dimensional modeling of the non-stationary thermal state and voltage responsivity of the sensitive elements usually used in solid-state pyroelectric focal plane arrays are presented. Temperature distributions under periodical thermal excitation and the response of the thermal imaging device, which is composed of the pyroelectric sensitive elements mounted on a single silicon substrate, are numerically calculated. The sensitive element consists of a covering metal layer, infrared polymer absorber, front metal contact, sensitive pyroelectric element, the interconnecting column and the bulk silicon readout. The results of the numerical modeling show that the thermal crosstalk between sensitive elements to be critical especially at low frequency (f < 10Hz) of periodically modulated light. It is also shown that the use of our models gives the possibility to improve the design, operating regimes and sensitivity of the device.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 1987

Rubber particles emitted from automobile tire tread by abrasion were collected by Andersen sampler with atmospheric dusts. The samples of atmospheric dusts at each stage were analysed for rubber particles by Curie point pyrolysis-gas chromatography with Apiezon grease L column. Pyrolysis was done at 740$^circ$C for 5 seconds. In the pyrogram, NR rubber (bus and truck tire tread) was determined by isoprene peak, and SBR rubber (passenger car tire tread) was determined by styrene peak simultaneously. The size distribution of rubber particles was proportioned with the size of rubber particles. The concentrations of NR and SBR rubber were 0.23 $\mug/m^3$ and 1.31 $\mug/m^3$, respectively, in the atmospheric dusts which were collected from the street in front of Yonsei University on April 1986. The ratio of tire tread rubber in the atmospheric dusts was about 0.63%.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 1991

나지상태(裸地狀態)에서 관수량(灌水量)에 따른 양분(養分)의 수직이동(垂直移動) 양상(樣相)을 구명하기 위하여 본량사양토(本良砂壤土)(Typic Udifluvents)의 작토층(作土層)을 공시토양(供試土壤)으로 하여 microplot(지름 20cm, 길이 85cm)시험(試驗)을 수행하였다. 시비량(施肥量)를 기준으로 하여 각(各) 성분(成分)이 (각(各) 토층(土層)으로 이동(移動)된 양(量))/(시비량(施肥量))${\times}$(시비지점에서 각(各) 토층(土層) 중심점까지의 거리)의 화(和)를 평균(平均) 이동(移動)거리라 했을때, 평균이동(平均移動)거리는 관수량(灌水量)과 수직적(直線的)인 관계가 있었다. 1 pore volume(piston front 10cm)물의 이동(移動)에 대한 각(各) 성분(成分)의 평균(平均) 이동(移動)거리는(cm)는 Cl, 7.52>무기태(無機態) N, 6.03>K, 3.50>Mg, 2.69>Ca, 1.19>유효인산(有效燐酸), 0.29순이었다. 여러 성분중(成分中) Cl이 가장 활발하게 하향이동(下向移動)되어 물의 piston front 이동(移動)거리의 75%가 되었고, 인산(燐酸)은 거의 이동(移動)되지 않아 물의 piston front 이동(移動)거리의 3%에 불과하였다. 양분이동(養分移動)의 결과 토양 pH는 관수량(灌水量)이 많아질수록 표층(表層)에서 낮아지고 심층(深層)에서 높아지는 경향인데 토양(土壤)깊이별 pH변화는 치환성(置換性) Ca과 Mg보다는 $NH_4-N$의 함량변화와 같은 경향을 보였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.406-411
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• 2014

Serious problems in reclaimed land agriculture are high soil salinity and poor vertical drainage, so desalinization in these soils is very difficult. Also, although desalinization is accomplished in reclaimed top soils, before long, soils are resalinized according to capillary rise of salts from the subsurface soils. To resolve these problems, multi-layered soil columns with subsurface layer of macroporous medium utilizing coal bottom ash (CBA) were constructed and the effects of blocked resalinization of these soils were investigated. In this experiment soil samples were collected from Munpo series (coarse-loamy, nonacid, mixed, mesic, typic Fluvaquents). The soil texture was silt loam and the EC was $33.9dS\;m^{-1}$. As for groundwater seawater was used and groundwater level of 1 cm from the bottom was maintained. The overall rate of capillary rise was $2.38cm\;hr^{-1}$ in soil 60 cm column, $0.25cm\;hr^{-1}$ in topsoil (30 cm) + CBA (5 cm) + subsurface soil (10 cm) column and $0.08cm\;hr^{-1}$ in topsoil (30 cm) + CBA (10 cm) + subsurface soil (10 cm) column. In multi-layered soil columns with CBA 20, 30 cm layer, wetting front due to capillary rise could not be seen in top soil layer. After 70 days capillary rise experiment water soluble Na+ accumulated in top soil of soil columns with CBA 20, 30 cm was diminished by 92.8, 96.5% respectively in comparison with Na+ accumulated in top soil of soil 60 cm column because CBA layer cut off capillary rise of salts from the subsurface soil. From these results we could conclude that the macroporous layer utilizing CBA placed at subsurface layer cut off capillary rise of solutes from subsurface soil, resulting in lowered level of salinity in top soil and this method can be more effective in newly reclaimed saline soil.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 성층화된 수로에서 3차원 hill과 같은 해저지형이 유동장에 미치는 효과를 수치실험을 통해 밝히고자 하였다. 계산결과 hill 주위의 유동장은 지형과 성층의 효과를 복합적으로 받는 것으로 나타났다. hill 배후에서 형성된 칼만와류는 성층효과로 인해 저층에서만 나타났다. 이러한 와류는 hill 중심의 밀도를 감소시켜 성층화된 열염구조를 불안정하게 하는 역할을 하였고 이로 인하여 등밀도선을 따라 흐르는 흐름은 hill 전면의 경우 깊어지는 등밀도선을 따라 하강한 뒤, 그 후면에서는 다시 등밀도선을 따라 상승하는 패턴을 나타내었다. 그 결과 연직유속은 hill의 전면에서는 침강류, 그 후면에서는 용승류가 형성되는 특징을 나타냄과 동시에 수평적으로 보았을 때 hill의 측면을 통해 가장 활발하게 용승이 발생하지만 표층까지 영향을 크게 미치지는 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 1989

1982년과 1983년 여름 한국 남동 해안부근에서 관측된 냉수를 수온, 염분, 해면, 바람 및 인공위성 영상의 자료를 이용하여 연구하였다. 3층구조의 해양을 보이는 여름철에 수일 동안 지속되는 단속적인 남서풍에 의해 완벽한(full) 용승현상이 나타난다. 용승기간 동안에 고온의 표층수는 외해로 이동하였고, 저온의 중층수가 해표면으로 노출하였으며, 해면은 하강되었으나 표층의 균형(equilibrium) 깊이는 변화되지 않았었다. 관측결과는 해표면의 냉수가 중층으로부터 기원되고 강한 전선은 계절 수온약층이 해표면에 상승된 결과임을 보인다. 해표면 전선위치와 바람입력사이의 상관관계 파악을 위해 Csanady(1982)의 모델을 rigid lid 근사조건에서 해를 구하였다. 그 결과는 전선의 위치가 바람입력 및 한국 남동 해안부근의 해양구조에 의해 결정될 수 있음을 보이고 있다. 여름철 냉수는 $10m^2/sec$ 크기 정도인 최소 바람역적보다 큰 바람이 작용될 경우에만 해표면에 나타날 수 있다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제24권6_2호
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• pp.801-808
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• 2021

In this paper, a numerical analysis was conducted on the effect of the flow control valve of a oscillation water column(OWC) type wave power generator turbine. The OWC wave power turbine operates with compressed air in the air chamber according to the change of wave height. When the wave height changes rapidly, a flow control valve is required due to overload of the turbine and reduced efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, a flow control valve with an opening angle of 60 degrees was installed in the front of the turbine, and the pressure drop, torque, and overall performance were calculated according to the change of turbine RPM and flow rate of turbine inlet. In conclusion, the flow control valve with an opening angle of 60 degrees affects when the turbine rotates at low rotation and the inlet flow rate is large. But it does not have a significant effect on overall turbine performance and it is necessary to find the optimal angle in the future works.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 1992

황해동부에서 1991년 4월에 관측된 CTD자료를 분석한 결과, 해수의 직구조는 계절적 수온약층과 수온역전층에 의해 뚜렷이 구분되는 상부혼합층 및 중층저온수로 저층 고온수 삼층구조를 보여준다. 조사지역 남부에서 저층수는 중층수보다 수온이 $3^{\circ}C$ 높아 수온역전이 가장 뚜렷하다. 수온역전은 $100{\;}km{\;}{\times}{\;}100{\;}km$의 관측해역에 걸쳐 형성 되었고 약 1.5개월후에도 관측되었다. 이 저층수의 수온과 염분은 단면내 핵구조 및 남쪽에서 분쪽으로 향하는 설상분포를 보여, 조사해역 남쪽에 있는 봄철 해양전선의 해수가 북쪽으로 150 km 정도의 거리에 걸쳐 황해냉수 아래로 요입된 것을 제시한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

This paper aimed to identify the architectural characteristics of the chimi excavated from ancient ruins, especially middle gate remains of Bunhwangsa Temple in the Unified Silla period. Middle gate had planned $3{\times}2$ with 295mm measuring unit and gabled building. Detailed study of the shape of chimi of the middle gate restored by related field experts reveals as follows. 1) Height of chimi is 4.5(130.6cm) of Tang's system of measurement classified as large one. 2) The front and back side square hole is made for transverse timber placement. 3) Position of chimi is not the end of the ridge of roof, it moved toward the center. 4) Construction method of chimi is structured with smaller beam and center column. 5) Width and height of the ridge is less than 38cm and 54cm to be approximately, Width and height of the gabled ridge is less than 38cm and 50cm. 6) This chimi is considered to be very unique when compared to existing ancient restored chimis, it is designed to be advantageous to the chimi construction.