• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2018

Objective: Fresh sugarcane has been a new roughage source for ruminant's in semiarid regions, a function of the decline of sugar and alcohol industry in recent years. However, there is little data published regarding lambs fed sugarcane associated with spineless cactus. This study evaluated the effect of sugarcane replacement with spineless cactus (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) in the diet of Santa $In\hat{e}s$ lambs on carcass characteristics. Methods: Thirty-six non-castrated Santa Ines lambs at four months of age and an initial body weight of $22{\pm}2.3kg$ were assigned in a randomized block design and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. The effects of spineless cactus as a replacement for sugarcane in the diet of the lambs on the carcass characteristics, commercial cut weight and yield, leg tissue composition, and carcass measurements were studied. Results: The study revealed quadratic behavior in slaughter body weight, and hot and cold carcass weight, with maximum values of 38.60, 18.60, and 18.11 kg and replacement levels of 40.18%, 44.42%, and 43.14%, respectively. The cold carcass yield presented an increasing linear behavior. The compactness index of carcass and leg presented a quadratic effect, with estimated maximal values of 0.28 and 0.57 kg/cm and replacement levels of 43.37% and 45.5%, respectively. The weights of commercial cuts of leg, loin, shoulder, and breast showed quadratic behavior, with maximum values of 2.79, 0.852, 1.46, and 1.30 kg and replacement levels of 49.5, 45.32, 39.0, and 40.7, respectively. For tissue composition, quadratic behavior was verified for leg weight, subcutaneous fat, and total fat. Conclusion: The replacement of sugarcane by spineless cactus at level 44% is recommended for finishing lambs considering that this level improved most of the carcass characteristics, weights, and yields of commercial cuts and leg tissue composition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.s02
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• pp.66-80
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• 1989

Salt injury in rice is caused mainly by the salinity in soil and in the irrigated water, and occasionaly by salinity delivered through typhoon from the sea. The salt concentration of rice plants increased with higher salinity in the soil of the rice growing. The climatic conditions, high temperature and solar radiation and dry conditions promote the salt absorption of rice plant in saline soil. The higher salt accumulation in the rice plant generally reduces the root activity and inhibits the absorption of minerals of rice plant, resulting the reduction of photosynthesis. The salt damages of rice plant, however, are different from different growth stage of rice plants as follows: 1. Germination of rice seed was slightly delayed up to 1.0％ of salt concentration and remarkably at 1. 5％, but none of rice seeds were germinated at 2.5％. This may be due to the delayed water uptake of rice seeds and the inhibition of enzyme activity, 2. It was enable to establish rice seedlings at seed bed by 0.2％ of salt concentration with some reduction of leaf elongation. The increasing of 0.3％ salt concentration caused to the seedling death with varietal differences, but most of seedlings were death at 0.4％ with no varietal differences. 3. Seedlings grown at the nursery over 0.1％ salt, gradually reduced in rooting activity after transplanting according to increasing the salt concentration from 0.1％ up to 0.3％ of paddy field. However, the seedlings grown in normal seed bed showed no difference in rooting between varieties up to 0.1％ but significantly different at 0.3％ between varieties, but greatly reduced at 0.5％ and died at last in paddy after transplanting. 4. At panicle initiation stage, rice plant delayed in heading by salt damage, at meiotic stage reduced in grains and its filling rate due to inhibition of glume and pollen developing, and salt damage at heading stage and till 3 weeks after heading caused to reduction of fertilization and ripening rate. In viewpoint of agricultural policy the overcoming strategy for salt injury is to secure sufficient water source. Irrigation and drainage systems as well as underground drainage is necessary to desalinize more effectively. This must be the most effective and positive way except cost. By cultural practice, growing the salt tolerant variety with high population could increase yield. The intermittent irrigation and fresh water flooding especially at transplanting and from panicle initiation to heading stage, the most sensitive to salt injury, is important to reduce the salt content in saline soil. During the off-cropping season, plough and rotavation with flooding followed by drainage, or submersion and drainage with groove could improve the desalinization. Increase of nitrogen fertilizer with more split application, and soil improvement by lime, organic matter and forign soil addition, could increase the rice yield. Shift of trans-planting is one of the way to escape from the salt injury.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

Farmers with forage barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system at reclaimed tidal lands burn crop residues to facilitate seedbed preparation or remove them for feed stock. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice straw amendment and N fertilization on soil properties and N uptake of rice under forage barely-rice cropping system at reclaimed tidal paddy field. Rice straw was applied at the rates of 0, 2.5 and $5.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ and N was fertilized at 0, 100, 200 and $400kg\;ha^{-1}$. Although there was no significant difference in the growth and yield of rice, fresh and dry weight of forage barely increased with increasing the amount of rice straw. The amount of N uptake of rice at harvesting stage was $65.8-69.2kg\;ha^{-1}$ by the amount of rice straw amendment, but there were no significant differences among rice straw amendment levels. After harvesting the rice, the soil salinity decreased with rice straw amendment compared to the control. After forage barely and rice cultivation, soil organic matter contents increased to $2.6-2.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and $3.2-3.5g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The amount of N uptake of rice at harvesting stage increased up to $82kg\;ha^{-1}$ in $400kg\;ha^{-1}$ N applied plots which were $37.8kg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than the control. Nitrogen fertilization decreased N recovery efficiency. The highest yield of rice was observed at $244kg\;ha^{-1}$ N fertilization level, but the optimum N level was estimated at $168kg\;ha^{-1}$ in order to keep the protein content of rice under 6.5%. Further researches on N uptake and application of organic matter according to soil salinity will be necessary to increase N use efficiency at reclaimed tidal paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.164-169
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the utility of the bituminous coal fly ash, gypsum, oyster shell as soil amendments, acid sandy loam soil with low boron content were amended in the upper 15cm with amendments, and then chinese cabbage was cultivated in fall. Amendments treated were, in metric tons per hectare, i ) none(Check) ; ii) 80 fly ash(FA) ; iii) 4shell(SH) ; iv) 56 fly ash+24gypsum (FG) ; v) 40 fiy ash + 24 gypsum +0.8 shell(FGS). On the whole, amendments imoroved soil chemical properties and contents of N, P, K, Ca, and B in leaves. Among treatmens, FA prominently neutralized soil pH and increased available $P_2O_5$ ,B but decreased Fe contents in soils. FGS also affected the increment of exchangeable Ca, Mg, and available B. Yield response in fresh weight of chinese cabbage was in order of 85% for FGS>77% for FG>66% FA>5% for SH plants. Reducing sugar and vitamin-C contents of leaves depending on treatments showed the same tendencies as that in yields, whereas crude fiber opposite to theme. In particular, FA, FG, and FGS plants showed normal growth without boron deficiency symotoms which appeared in Check and SH plants.Taken together, FGS was an effective combination enable to maximize the utility of fly ash, gypsum, and shell as soil amemdments, especially in cabbage yield and quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2012

This study was carried out to analyze winter cereal crops for harvest time, proper drying time and haylage quality in order to investigate the possibility of the production of good quality haylage substitute for hay. As a result, in case of productivity and feed value, dry matter yield and TDN yield was increased with late harvest and crude protein and NDF, ADF was decreased (p<0.05). To make haylage for whole crop barley, oats, triticale, whole crop wheat need more than 32 hour wilting time in the milk ripe stage, yellow ripe stage need about 8~24 hour, and wilting time did not need the full ripe stage. Rye does not suitable for making haylage because of difficulty pre-wilting time. In case of fermentative quality on haylage, pH was increased with late harvest on all winter cereal crop forage. Lactic acid content was decreased with late harvest (p<0.05), and highest in the milk ripe stage. Acetic acid was also decreased with late harvest, and butyric acid was not detected. In conclusion, to harvest sooner of winter cereal crops could be an efficient way when making haylage in terms of protein content and fermentation quality. Ray can used as fresh and silage, because difficulty for pre-wilting time in Korea. Whole crop barley, oats, triticale, wheat can be used haylage when harvested yellow ripen stage and pre-wilting time for 8~24 hours.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2014

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is one of cool-season adapted perennial grass species and has been cultivated worldwide as a important forage and lawn grass. In this study, we evaluated the seed production of new tall fescue cultivar, 'Purum', which was cultivated in Korea. Agronomic aspects of tall fescue were determined using seed production and forage nutritive value of straw at the National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2012 to 2013. The heading date according to the seeding time displayed 2~3 days differences. The harvested seed yields were the largest (1,711 kg/ha) when seeding date at September $17^{th}$, whereas it decreased when planted ten days earlier or later than at that time. The thousand-grain weight of gathering seeds was 2 g, and the germination rate was 80 to 83% showing no significant differences among the different seeding times. The yield of fresh weight and dry matter were the largest (63,556 kg/ha and 16,926 kg/ha, respectively) when planted at September $17^{th}$. The dry matter yield was gradually decreased with delaying seeding time as 10 days period. However, nutritive values of straw did not showed significant differences.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to select the adaptability, forage production and quality of pasture species at paddy field from 2007 to 2009 at Jeonnam province. Among pasture species, Italian ryegrass was somewhat good for waterlogging, production, and disease and insect resistance. Fresh and dry matter yields of Italian ryegrass was the highest as 67,368 kg and 17,677 kg per ha among six species. The dry yield of Tall fescue mixture (Orchardgrass, Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, Kentuck bluegrass, White clover) and Tall fescue were also high as 15,589 kg and 14,693 kg per ha, respectively. Crude protein of Tall fescue and Tall fescue mixture were high as 10.4% and 13.5%, respectively. The result of this study showed that Italian ryegrass, Tall fescue mixture and Tall fescue had good growth characteristics and forage productivity at paddy field in southern region of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 1999

This study was to determine aromatic constituents and essential oil content in the root of Codonopsis lanceolata grown at different altitudes; Andong(150m), Mt. Hagka(550m) and Mt. Irwol(750m). Soil pH in Mt. Hagka and Mt. Irwol was 5.6 and 6.1, respectively, which was lower than in Andong(150m), but organic matter content was higher than that of Andong with 6.7 to 8.8%. Fresh root yield also increased as cultural region was located at higher altitude. In particular, yield in Mt. Irwol was 281kg/10a. Essential oil content was highest of 0.006% in the Mt. Irwo1. Forty-eight volatile aromatic compounds in the root of Codonopsis lanceolata were identified by GC/MS. Major aromatic compounds were 1-hexanol, cis-3-hexano1. and Trans-2-hexanol. In partucular, Trans-2-hexanol, was highest in Mt. Irwol attaining the 47.22% area. As a result, it was considered that cultural region above 700m in altitude was the most effective for the improvement of essential oil and aromatic constituents in the roots of Condonopsis lanceolata Trautv.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 1987

The purpose of this comparative study is to investigate the differences of growth behaviors (height, weight, yield capacities etc.) and germination characters (induced photo-dormancy) among the three different species of Arnaranthus sp. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The growth of the cultivar of A.hypochondriacus was more vigor than that of the wild plant of A.retroflexus during the whole life cycle. The fresh weight, dry weight, yield capacity of A.hypochondriacus were much more higher than those of the others two species (A.retroflexus and A.Cruenthus). There are very different germinability formation and induced dormancy patterns between the cultivar and wild plant during seed formation periods. The cultivar of A.hypochondriacus was not induced primary dormancy in the any seed formation stages but wild plant of A.retroflexus was induced deep true dormancy. We suggested that these differences occured by the sum of different absorption of solar energy spectrum by the different seed colors between the cultivar (white color seed) and wild (black seed). And we confirmed the different absorption spectrum of the three different Arnaranthus sp. seeds.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.362-372
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• 2000

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the production of high yield and qualitied yam in Andong, major yam-producing district, in Kyongbuk province, using three major Yam cultivars, such as Danma, Jangma and Alata (round type). Alata showed the longest tuber width while Jangma showed the longest tube length. Danma showed the highest tube yield at 2,123 kg/10a. Tubes of Alata had higher dry ratio than those of other cultivars, suggesting that Alata could be used as good processing materials. Characteristics of top parts, such as vine length, leaf number, and lateral vine number showed typical sigmoid curves. Tuber characteristics such as length, width and fresh weight of tuber were linearly increased as the growth period was progressed. Relative growth rate (RGR) for new tuber and stem reached the highest value at 86 DAT (days after transplanting). There were similar tendencies among the cultivars in net assimilation rate (NAR). The highest crop growth rate (CGR) was appeared at 156 DAT regardless of cultivars. In the changes of leaf area ratio (LAR), there were significant differences among three cultivars. LAR were decreased at 86, 106 and 136 DAT for Alata, Danma and Jangma, respectively. However, specific leaf weight (SLW) was greatly increased at 176 DAT, and leaf area index (LAI) was decreased at 156 DAT in all cultivars.