• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2000

The effects of stalk cutting time and environmental factors such as air temperature, leaf temperature, solar radiation and leaf moisture content during harvesting and curing in burley tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) on weight loss of fresh stalks and sunburning in leaves were investigated at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1996 and 1997. Twelve to fifteen percent of the fresh weight was lost in 3 to 4 hours after stalk-cutting, and sunburned leaves could be observed in case of stalk cutting between 11:00 and 15:00 O'clock on a clear sunny day, when the air temperature was 34 to 35$^{\circ}C$, leaf temperature 52 to 54$^{\circ}C$, and solar radiation 700 to 940 w/$m^2$. The leaves exposed to this weather condition were sunburned within 1 hour after stalk cutting. But low temperature (below $25^{\circ}C$) with high solar radiation(above 700w/m2) or high temperature(above 3$0^{\circ}C$) with low solar radiation (below 600w$m^2$) did not induce the sunburn damage in leaves. As the leaf temperature and leaf moisture content were higher, the sunburned leaves increased. The leaves at the higher stalk position were more easily sunburned than those at the lower. This result indicates that the immature leaves with higher chlorophyll content might be more susceptible to sunburning.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2020

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of electron beam irradiation on the postharvest quality of cut flowers. Cut flowers were irradiated with electron beam at 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, and 2,000 Gy with a 10 MeV linear electron beam accelerator to evaluate their irradiation tolerance. Postharvest quality was determined by monitoring fresh weight loss, flower longevity, flower diameter, flowering rate, visual quality of flowers and leaves, and chlorophyll content. Cut flowers showed a radiation-induced damage with increasing the irradiation dose. Flower longevity and fresh weight of cut flowers decreased when the irradiation dose was increased. Flower bud opening was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The effective irradiation doses for 10% reduction of postharvest quality (ED₁₀) values were 144.4, 451.6, and 841.2 Gy in the 'Medusa' lily, 'Montezuma' carnation, and 'Rosina White' eustoma, respectively. Although tolerance of cut flowers to electron beam irradiation vary according to species, cultivars, or maturity stage conditions, it is conceivable that 'Montezuma' carnation and 'Rosina White' eustoma could be tolerated and maintained overall postharvest quality up to 400 Gy, the generic irradiation dose approved by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) for postharvest phytosanitary treatments.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.369-382
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• 2023

We examined the changes in the physicochemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut Fuji apples (Malus pumila) during processing and storage after treatment with browning inhibitors. The primary aim was to elucidate processing suitability and storability. We observed that in the processing stage of slicing fresh Fuji apples, there were no significant differences in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging ability and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). However, after NaClO treatment, total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents decreased. When freshcut Fuji apples were treated with browning inhibitors and stored at 4℃, the L value and hardness decreased; however, the weight loss rate increased based on the storage period of all fruit groups treated with Citrus unshiu Markovich (CuM), calcium ascorbate (CA), and ascorbic acid (AA). The pH increased after 2 days of storage in 1% CuM and after 6 days of storage in 1% CA; however, no changes in pH were observed during the storage period in 1% AA. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was generally good under storage conditions of 1% AA at 4℃ and 1% CA at 20℃. Furthermore, FRAP remained relatively constant under storage conditions of 1% CA. The quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut fruits during processing and storage can be used as basic data for industries. Furthermore, we can gain confidence in quality improvements by improving the production and distribution environment of fresh-cut agricultural products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1304-1309
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• 1999

The respiratory characteristics and quality attributes of mature green mume fruits as influenced by modified atmosphere packaging(MAP) conditions during storage at 25oC for 8 days were investigated. The quality attributes of mume fruits were evaluated in terms of fresh weight loss, physiological injury and yellowing. The packaging materials used for MAP were low density polyethylene(LDPE) films with various different thicknesses. Yellowing and fresh weight loss of mume fruits were noticeably reduced by the packaging treatments with LDPE A and B. The physiological injury of the fruits during storage was found to be more severe in LDPE C than others. For LDPE A and B, the oxygen and carbon dioxide contents within the packages of Mume fruits maintained at the levels of 2~3% and 7~8%, respectively. With respect to visual quality, MAP prolonged the shelf life of the fruits much longer compared with the unsealed control. From the experimental results, it is suggested that the LDPE films with the gas trans mission rates of about 2,100 O2 ml/m2.day.atm and 6,700 CO2 ml/m2.day.atm would be proper for MAP of mature green mume fruits during storage at ambient temperature.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2007

Quality attributes of fresh-cut chicory (Clchorium intybus L.var. foliosum) treated with hydrocooling and packing type were investigated in terms of weight loss, respiration, vitamin C content, microbial load and sensory properties during storage at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;10^{\circ}C$. Fresh chicory was trimmed and washed 3 times with cold water $(1^{\circ}C,\;5^{\circ}C)$ and tap water $(10^{\circ}C)$ for 30 sec and then packaged in polypropylene (PP) film bag and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) tray, and stored for 9 days at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;10^{\circ}C$. Weight loss was decreased by washing and packing generally. Respiration rate was increased slowly in the storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Vitamin C content of chicory packaged within PETE tray were decreased gradually during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Hydrocooling and packing within PETE tray treatments resulted in approximately 1-2 log CFU/g reduction of microbial load.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2008

Quality attributes of fresh-cut sesame leaf (Perilla frutescens var. japonica) as affected by hydrocooling and packing were investigated in terms of weight loss, respiration, vitamin C content, total chlorophyll content, microbial load and sensory properties during storage at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$. Fresh sesame leaf was trimmed and washed with cold water (1, $5^{\circ}C$) as well as tap water ($13^{\circ}C$) for 30 sec 3 times and then packaged in PP (polypropylene) film bag and PETE (polyethylene terephthalate) tray, and stored for 9 days at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$. Weight loss was decreased by washing and packing. Respiration rate was increased slowly over the storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Vitamin C content and total chlorophyll contents of sesame leaf packaged within PETE tray decreased gradually during storage. Hydrocooling and packing within PETE tray treatments resulted in approximately $1{\sim}2\;log\;CFU/g$ reduction of microbial load.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Quality attributes of fresh-cut pak-choi (Brassica campestris var. chinensis) as affected by hydrocooling and packing were investigated in terms of weight loss, respiration, vitamin C content, total chlorophyll content, microbial load and sensory properties during storage at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$. Fresh pak-choi was trimmed and washed with cold water $(1^{\circ}C)$ as well as tap water $(6^{\circ}C)$ for 30 sec 3 times and then packaged in PP (polypropylene) film bag and PETE (polyethylene terephthalate) bay, and stored for 9 days at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$. Weight loss was decreased by washing and packing generally. Respiration rate was increased slowly over the storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Vitamin C content and total chlorophyll contents of pak-choi packaged within PETE bay decreased gradually during storage. Hydrocooling and packing within PETE bay treatments resulted in approximately 1-2 log CFU/g reduction of microbial load.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

The effects of hydrocooling and packaging type on the quality attributes of fresh-cut crown daisies (Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum) were investigated by examining weight loss, respiration, vitamin C content, total chlorophyll content, microbial load, and sensory properties during storage at 4 and 10$^{\circ}C$. Fresh crown daisies were trimmed and washed with cold water (1 and 5$^{\circ}C$) as well as tap water (10$^{\circ}C$) 3 times each for 30 sec. They were then packaged in PP (polypropylene) film bags or PETE (polyethylene terephthalate) trays, and stored for 9 days at 4 and 10$^{\circ}C$, respectively. In general, weight loss was reduced as a result of the washing and packaging. The respiration rate increased slowly during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$, and the vitamin C and total chlorophyll contents of the crown daisies packaged in PETE trays decreased gradually during storage. Finally, the treatments consisting of hydrocooling and then packaging in PETE trays resulted in approximately 1-2 log CFU/g reductions in microbial load.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.353-364
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• 2022

The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of increasing the slaughter weight (SW) of non-lean finishing pigs to improve their meat quality. A total of 36 (Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc gilts and barrows were slaughtered at 115 (Av), 125 (Hi), or 135 (XHi) kg, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on their longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles. Backfat thickness was greater (p < 0.05) for the XHi (31.2 mm) and Hi (29.3 mm) groups than for Av (25.0 mm). Dressing percentage and yield of the belly per whole carcass were also slightly greater for XHi and Hi vs. Av. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of SM was greater for XHi (2.64%) than for Av (1.83%) and Hi (2.04%) and also was correlated with SW (r = 0.55). The pH value, lightness, redness, drip loss, shear force, and moisture and protein contents of LD and SM, as well as IMF content of LD, were unaffected by SW. Percentages of 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acids (FA) were less for Hi and XHi vs. Av in SM, those of total unsaturated FA, 18:2, 20:4, and n-6 being opposite; FA composition of LM was not influenced by SW except for a reduced 18:0 percentage for XHi vs. Av. The sensory score was less for XHi vs. Av for odor in fresh LD and SM, and less for Hi and XHi vs. Av for aroma in fresh LM; scores for color, drip loss, marbling, and acceptability were unaffected by SW. As for cooked muscles, none of the scores for color, aroma, flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability was affected by SW, except for a greater LD color score for Hi and XHi vs. Av. Collectively, the results suggested that the increased yield of the carcass and belly due to increased SW is outbalanced negatively by excessive backfat deposition in production efficiency, whereas the SW increase exerts little influence on overall sensory quality of fresh or cooked meat. Production of non-lean market pigs overweighing 115 kg therefore will be uneconomical unless consumers pay a substantial premium for the over-fattened pork.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2018

Background: Poultry breeding has increased by 306% in Korea, inevitably increasing the production of manure which may contribute to environmental pollution. The nutrients (NP) in the manure are essential for crop cultivation and soil fertility when applied as compost. Excess nutrients from manure can be accumulated on the land and can lead to eutrophication. Therefore, a nutrient load on the finite land should be calculated. Methods: This study calculates the nutrient production from Korean poultry by investigating 11 broiler and 16 laying hen farms. The broiler manure was composted using deep litter composting while for layer deep litter composting, drying, and simple static pile were in practice. The effect of weight reduction and storing period during composting was checked. Three weight reduction cases of compost were constructed to calculate nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) using data from; i) farm investigation, ii) theoretical P changes (${\Delta}P=0$), and iii) dry basis. Results: During farm investigation of broiler and layer with deep litter composting, there was a 68 and 21% N loss whereas 77 and 33% P loss was found, respectively. In case of layer composting, a loss of 10-56% N and a 52% P loss was observed. Drying manure increased the P concentrations therefore NLCs calculated using dry basis that showed quite higher reductions (67% N; 53% P). Nutrient loss from farm investigation was much higher than reported by Korean Ministry of Environment (ME). Conclusions: Nutrients in manure are decreased when undergo storing or composting process due to microbial action, drying, and leaching. The nutrient load applied to soil is less than the fresh manure, hence the livestock manure management and conservation of environment would be facilitated.