• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted to establish an official determination method to measure fluazinam residue in horticultural crops for import and export using GC-ECD/MS. Fluazinam residue was extracted with acetone from fresh samples of four representative horticultural products, the vegetable crops green pepper and kimchi cabbage, and the fruit crops mandarin and apple. The acetone extract was diluted with saline water and n -hexane partitioning was used to recover fluazinam from the aqueous phase. Florisil column chromatography was additionally employed for final purification of the extract. Fluazinam was separated and quantitated by GC with ECD using a DB-17 capillary column. The horticultural crops were fortified with three different concentrations of fluazinam. Mean recoveries ranged from 82.5% to 99.9% in the four crops. The coefficients of variation were less than 10.0%. The quantitative limit of fluazinam detection was $0.004mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in the four crop samples. GC/MS with selected-ion monitoring was also used to confirm the suspected residue. This analytical method was reproducible and sensitive enough to measure the residue of fluazinam in horticultural commodities for import and export.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2006

Hepatoprotective effects of Bulro Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) fruit extracts on $CCl_4-administered$ rats were investigated in vivo. Administration of $CCl_4$ increased plasma glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, induced lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) content of rat liver, and significantly increased liver weight. Feeding of B. Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) slightly increased body weight gain, although not significantly different from normal group. B. Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) fruit extracts reduced blood cholesterol level and inhibited $CCl_4-induced$ increases of plasma GPT, GOT, and LDH activities, whereas increased contents of MDA and cytochrome P-450, and GST activity in liver tissue of $CCl_4-administered$ rats. Roasted B. Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) fruit extract showed highest hepatoprotective effect among samples tested. These results suggest water extracts of B. Kugi (Lycium chinense Mill) fruit possess promising hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatic damage in rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

Microorganisms involved in decaying Fuji apples during storage were investigated. Seven pathogens were isolated from the rotted fruits. Penicillium spp. was derived from 65-75% of decayed apples with P. expansum being dominant species. Effects of mild heat treatment on microbial reduction, respiration, and texture characteristics in Fuji apples were examined through hot water dipping at $40-65^{\circ}C$ for varied timε periods. Initial counts of total microorganisms and moulds in fresh fruits s showed 4.75 and 4.66 log CFU/g in a stem, as well as 5.35 and 4.32 log CFU/g in a calyx, respectively. The heat treatment at $40^{\circ}C$ for 180 min significantly reduced the population of total microorganisms and moulds in the fruits. Respiration rate of the apple fruits increased immediately after heat treatment and then returned to the normal level during storage. The rates of ethylene production in the fruits treated at $40-50^{\circ}C$ were maintained lower than that of the untreated control. The fruits treated at $40^{\circ}C$ showed slightly greater flesh firmness than the other apple samples during storage.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.710-718
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• 2017

Contents of water soluble vitamin $B_6$ in a total of 62 agricultural products cultivated in local areas in Korea were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD). To verify the method of vitamin $B_6$ analysis, a quality control chart was formulated with in-house control using a mixture of broccoli and shiitake mushrooms. Among cereals, high content of vitamin $B_6$ measured $234.3{\sim}260.3{\mu}g/100g$ in dried mung bean and soybean. Vitamin $B_6$ content of non-glutinous and glutinous black rice measured $105.0{\mu}g/100g$ and $129.7{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. In vegetables, high content of vitamin $B_6$ were measured in passion fruit ($104.3{\mu}g/100g$), gat ($55.7{\sim}84.3{\mu}g/100g$), gomchwi ($31.3{\sim}88.0{\mu}g/100g$) and garlic ($72.7{\sim}98.3{\mu}g/100g$). Among fruits, gold kiwi 'Zespri' and green kiwi 'Hayward' revealed high vitamin $B_6$ content of $116.3{\mu}g/100g$ and $78.7{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. In persimmons, daebongsi had high vitamin $B_6$ content ($36.0{\sim}72.7{\mu}g/100g$) than bansi and sweet persimmon. Vitamin $B_6$ content in dried jujube and persimmon increased more than $86.7{\mu}g/100g$ compared to fresh materials. Among specialty crops, green tea powder ($64.7{\sim}251.0{\mu}g/100g$) and sansuyu ($172.3{\mu}g/100g$) revealed high content. Of mushrooms, vitamin $B_6$ content of Sparassis crispa ($139.3{\mu}g/100g$) was the highest. Vitamin $B_6$ content information of agricultural products in local areas in Korea collected from this experiment will be used as valuable preliminary data for grasp national nutritional status.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2003

Cellular glass foam (CGF), the reprocessed glass, has a possibility to be used as a medium component in plug culture of horticultural crops due to the its excellent air and water permeability as comparable to perlite. An experiment was conducted to investigate growth of plug seedlings of Lycopersicum esculentum 'Segye' as influenced by irrigation frequency in various medium combinations of CGF (2.0-4.0 mm particle size) and peatmoss. Seeds were sown in 200-cell plug trays, filled with mixtures of CGF and peatmoss either at 33：67 or 25：75 (％. v/v) and were germinated on a fogged propagation bed. The irrigation frequencies used were one, two or three times per every two days. A commercial plug medium (Tosilee medium) was used as the control, and the irrigation frequency in the control was one time per day. Growth of seedlings, and medium pH and EC were measured at 33 days after sowing. The medium composition had little influence on overall growth of seedlings. Irrigation frequency very significant affected number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and dry matter. Growth of seedlings was the greatest with the highest irrigation frequency in the 25% CGF＋75% peatmoss mixture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1989

This study was carried out to produce the grafts of Juglans sinensis by juvenile grafting method which epicotyl of newly germinated seeds were used as stocks and juvenile fresh shoots were used as scion. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. When plastic tube installed covering up seed with soil up to 6cm height for diameter increment of epicotyl, the epicotyl can be grown up to thickness of 10mm. 2. When the soft fruit branches and the soft water sprout with the terminal bud 8cm to 12cm long were used as scions, the survival rates showed 90 Percent. 3. The optimum date for making juvenile grafts was around the 20th of May, and the survival rates of grafted seedlings showed 86 percent in average. 4. The grafted seedlings showed first sprouting the 15th of June, that is 25 days after making graft, and the sprouting rate was 72 percent. 5. The height-growth of grafted seedlings finished at the end of July, and diameter growth lasted into the end of October. 6. There was positive correlation between the height of grafted seedlings and the diameter at root collar. 7. In general, it takes two years to make plantable graft seedlings from hardwood scion and stock, but the juvenile graft seedlings can be easily obtained in a year and so it seems to be economic.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.149-164
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• 2014

The representative landscapes in Jeju Island called as Ten sceneries of Yeongju originates with Ten sceneries of Tamra which were organized in the late seventeenth century by Jeju governor Lee Iktae. In order to compose ten representative sceneries in Jeju Island, he selected four strongholds such as Jocheon, Byeolbang, Seogwi and Myeongwol and six places of scenic beauty such as Seongsan, Baekrokdam, Yeonggok, Cheonjiyeon, Sanbang and Chwibyeongdam, and made a painting named as Ten sceneries of Tamra. Since the scenes of strongholds also exhibit a lot of geomorphic landscapes, the painting could be considered a collection of representative landforms in Jeju Island. The painting depicts several types of landform such as volcano, crater, river, waterfall, pool, wetland, cavern, tor and rocky coast. The volcanic edifice appears most frequently in the painting, reflecting the particular emotion of Jeju people on Mt. Halla and oreums. However, another volcanic landform, a lava tube, was not highly evaluated due to its negative images. Three famous waterfalls in Jeju Island were included in Ten sceneries of Tamra, and it suggests that they are essentially outstanding landforms, and besides, there are few sites related with fresh water in Jeju Island. The ten sceneries were entirely organized in spite of the limitation of selecting places at that time. The landscape images of Jeju Island, which had been shared as collective representation by Jeju people, were firstly externalized through Lee Iktae's painting, and have long been passed down and established a kind of scenic stereotype.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1873-1881
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• 2019

Objective: Information regarding the vitamin content of silage is limited. This study investigated the changes in the vitamin content of alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages with or without a lactic acid bacterial inoculant. Methods: Alfalfa at the early flowering stage and Chinese leymus at the full-bloom stage were harvested. The treatments for each forage type were control (deionized water only) and $1{\times}10^6$ colony-forming units Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)/g fresh matter. After 45 days of ensiling, all silages were sampled for evaluating the vitamin content, fermentation quality and chemical composition. Results: The LP inoculant decreased the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content of the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages and significantly (p<0.05) increased the lactic acid, acetic acid concentrations and Flieg's points. Prior to ensiling, the levels of five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in alfalfa were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those in Chinese leymus. Ensiling decreased the levels of the five B-group vitamins in both alfalfa and Chinese leymus while increasing the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus. The thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid levels in the LP-treated silage were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in the untreated silage for the alfalfa and Chinese leymus. The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content in the LP-treated alfalfa silage was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the untreated alfalfa silage. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in pyridoxine content between the untreated and LP-treated silages for both forages. Conclusion: With or without LP inoculation, the levels of the five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine) in alfalfa and Chinese leymus decreased after 45 days of ensiling, while the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus increased. The LP inoculant improved the fermentation quality of both the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages but increased the thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid loss in the two forages after fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.3 s.26
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• pp.165-170
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• 2006

In this study, organic matters production was calculated with long term data in Wando costal area where was selected for non influent of fresh water. The objective of this study was to evaluate relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton and, between phytoplankton and organic matter. The result of DIN was the highest with 0.138 mg/L in winter season and the lowest with 0.052 mg/L in summer season. Similarly, DIP was shown to be 0. 017 mg/L in winter and 0.011 mg/L in summer. Limiting nutrient was revealed with nitrogen in Wando costal area. Specially in summer season, nitrogen limitation was the greatest with 10.5 of N/P ratio. Chl. -a was increased 80%, 108% in spring and summer compare with winter. COD was the lowest with 0.84 mg/L in winter and the highest with 1.10 mg/L in summer. The interrelation between nutrients and Chl. -a was high. Relationship $coefficient(r^2)$ were 0.93(P<0.05), 0.89(P <0.05) between DIN and Chi. -a, DIP and Chl. -a. This results suggest dissolved nutrients might be utilized at the production of phytoplankton. Also Relationship $coefficient(r^2)$ was 0.77(P<0.05) between Chl. -a and COD. COD production rate was calculated with regression equation. The COD production rate was 17% in winter and 36% in summer. It was revealed nutrients were decreased according to temperature increasing and then Phytoplankton and organic matter were increased. The Relationship of Nutrients, Chl. -a and COD was very high.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2021

Barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Hangmaeg) sprouts are important microgreens that contain high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as minerals, vitamin and chlorophyll. Barley sprouts were grown for 9 days and growth was checked every 3 days. In this study, the cultivation efficiency according to the nutrient solution treatment was evaluated by analyzing the length of barley sprouts, fresh weight, chlorophyll, and the yield by growth period. In addition, we tried to increase the industrial applicability of germinated barley through analysis of inorganic component, total polyphenol and total flavonoid content of the extract, and functional substance analysis using HPLC. As a result, the growth rate of the nutrient solution treatment group was faster than that of the control group. When harvested on the 9th day of sowing, the nutrient solution treatment group showed a significant increase in yield compared to the control group. And the barley sprout extract of the nutrient solution treatment group had higher total flavonoid content and luteolin content. Also, the efficiency of water was higher than that of ethanol when extracting phenolics from barley sprouts. Therefore, this study suggests that nutrient input is effective for increasing polyphenol content and increasing production in barley sprout hydroponics.