Geomorphic Landscapes of Jeju Island Depicted in Ten Sceneries of Tamra

탐라십경도에 표현된 제주도의 지형경관

The representative landscapes in Jeju Island called as Ten sceneries of Yeongju originates with Ten sceneries of Tamra which were organized in the late seventeenth century by Jeju governor Lee Iktae. In order to compose ten representative sceneries in Jeju Island, he selected four strongholds such as Jocheon, Byeolbang, Seogwi and Myeongwol and six places of scenic beauty such as Seongsan, Baekrokdam, Yeonggok, Cheonjiyeon, Sanbang and Chwibyeongdam, and made a painting named as Ten sceneries of Tamra. Since the scenes of strongholds also exhibit a lot of geomorphic landscapes, the painting could be considered a collection of representative landforms in Jeju Island. The painting depicts several types of landform such as volcano, crater, river, waterfall, pool, wetland, cavern, tor and rocky coast. The volcanic edifice appears most frequently in the painting, reflecting the particular emotion of Jeju people on Mt. Halla and oreums. However, another volcanic landform, a lava tube, was not highly evaluated due to its negative images. Three famous waterfalls in Jeju Island were included in Ten sceneries of Tamra, and it suggests that they are essentially outstanding landforms, and besides, there are few sites related with fresh water in Jeju Island. The ten sceneries were entirely organized in spite of the limitation of selecting places at that time. The landscape images of Jeju Island, which had been shared as collective representation by Jeju people, were firstly externalized through Lee Iktae's painting, and have long been passed down and established a kind of scenic stereotype.

영주십경으로 불리는 제주도의 대표경관은 17세기 말 제주목사 이익태가 처음으로 집경한 탐라십경에서 유래한다. 이익태는 조천관, 별방소, 서귀소, 명월소 등 관방 네 곳과 성산, 백록담, 영곡, 천지연, 산방, 취병담 등 명승 여섯 곳으로 십경을 구성하고 탐라십경도를 제작하였다. 명승뿐 아니라 관방 장면에도 다양한 지형이 경관요소로 등장하므로 탐라십경도는 제주도의 대표지형 모음집으로 평가할 수 있다. 탐라십경도에 표현된 지형경관은 화산체, 화구, 하천, 폭포, 소, 습지, 동굴, 암괴지형, 암석해안이다. 한라산과 오름에 대한 지역정서가 반영되어 화산체가 가장 많이 등장하는 반면 또 다른 화산지형인 용암동굴은 높게 평가되지 못했다. 수려한 지형인데다가 친수공간이 부족한 제주도의 지역성까지 가세하여 세 폭포가 십경에 포함되었다. 탐라십경은 당시 소재발굴의 한계에도 불구하고 처음부터 거의 완전한 조합으로 구성되었다. 집단표상으로 주민에게 공유되고 있던 제주도의 경관이미지는 이익태의 탐라십경도를 통해 처음으로 외재화되고 후대로 계승되면서 전형성을 갖게 되었다.