• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.653-660
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• 2012

This study classified paddy fields according to rice varieties and monitored temporal changes in rice growth using SAR backscatter coefficients (${\sigma}^{\circ}$). A growing period time-series of backscatter coefficients was set up for nine fine-beam mode RADARSAT-1 SAR images from April to October 2005. The images were compared with field-measured rice growth parameters such as leaf area index (LAI), plant height, fresh and dry biomass, and water content in grain and plants for 45 parcels in Dangjin-gun, Chungnam Province, South Korea. The average backscatter coefficients for early-maturing rice varieties (13 parcels) ranged from -18.17 dB to -6.06 dB and were lower than those for medium-late maturing rice varieties during most of the growing season. Both crops showed the highest backscatter coefficient values at the heading stage (late July) for early-maturing rice, and the difference was greatest before harvest for early-maturing rice. The temporal difference in backscatter coefficients between rice varieties may play a key role in identifying early-maturing rice fields. On the other hand, comparisons with field-measured parameters of rice growth showed that backscatter coefficients decreased or remained on a plateau after the heading stage, even though the growth of the rice canopy had advanced.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

The effects of red, blue, and far-red light by illumination of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on growth, morphogenesis and eleutheroside contents of in vitro plantlets of Eleutherococcus senticosus were examined. As a control, plantlets were grown under a broad spectrum white fluorescent lamp (16/8 h illumination). The length of plantlets grown under the red/blue LEDs was taller than those under fluorescent lamps. Leaf area, root length and fresh weight of plantlets were highest under blue light compared to other kinds of light sources. Chlorophyll contents in plantlets grown under fluorescent lamps were higher than those in plantlets grown under LED illumination. Production of eleuthroside B and E in plantlets was highest under blue LED. However, production of eleuthroside E1 was highest under fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that plant growth and eleuthroside accumulation can be controlled by wave length of light under LED illumination system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 1992

Effects of various artificial light sources on the growth of Chinese white cabbage, Chinese flat cabbage, lettuce, garland chrysanthemum, and green perilla were investigated. Plants were grown under different treatments for three weeks. Generally, the growth of artificial light treatment were better than natural daylight(ND). The greatest growth and external quality occurred in high-pressure sodium lamp(HPS). In incandescent lamp(IL), fresh weight was heavy, but marketable quality was poor because of succulent(or spindly) growth. Overall, vitamin C content were no difference among treatments. But relative chlorophyll content was somewhat high in HPS.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2016

Water extract from spent mushroom substrate (WESMS) of Pleurotus eryngii suppressed bacterial wilt disease of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum by 70% without any direct antibacterial activity against the pathogen. WESMS-treated tomato had increased contents of free phenolic compounds (increased by 3%) and total salicylic acid (increased by 75%), and significantly enhanced plant height, leaf number, and fresh weight compared to those of a water-treated tomato sample. These results suggest that the treatment of tomato with WESMS can suppress bacterial wilt disease by enhancing plant defense factors and overall plant health.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.6 s.96
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• pp.930-939
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• 2006

Classifying Fruits recorded in Tangaekpyeon of Donguibogam and Sikgamchalyo of Jeongjoji of Limwonsibyukji and comparing the types, features, efficacy and side effects based on Kimi Theory(氣味), we found forty one fruits in Donguibogam and forty eight in Limwonsibyukji. As well as fresh fruits, soup, gruel, dry fruit, and powder, peel, stem, leaf, and root were also used. According to the literature, Fruits are classified by five conditions(五氣) and five tastes(五味) and many are mild with sweet taste or warm with sweet and sour taste. They are efficacious in protecting the five viscera, building up energy, controlling heat, calming febrile diseases, promoting urination and excretion, antidiarrhetic, calming cholera morbus, improving skin condition calming the stomach, neutralizing poisonous effects and improving eyesight. To help prevent and cure diseases, those with cold physical constitution must take warm Fruits to vitalize their physiology and those with hot physical constitution cold Fruits for balance. To improve their physical health, our ancestors tried to control their bio rhythm with food and medicinal material and promoted health and prevented diseases by taking such food. We therefore expect that we can have a healthy dietary life by taking advantage of the five conditions and five tastes of Fruits and continuing the spirit of Korea traditional food culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.586-596
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• 2020

Chionanthus retusus has been used for landscaping and gardening trees, foods and medicines. This study was carried out to analyze the effect of fertilization on the growth performance of container seedlings (1-year-old) in C. retusus. We used multifeed 19 (MF) as a fertilizer, and measured the height, root collar diameter (RCD), biomass, seedling quality index (SQI) chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence of the seedlings. The findings of this paper showed that the height, RCD, H/D ratio, T/R ratio and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings increased after fertilization. The moisture content of the stem and root did not show any significant difference among fertilizations, except in the case of the leaf. Production distribution such as the dry weight ratio of leaves and the stem dry weight ratio of fertilized seedlings had a higher value than that of non-treatment. SQI was the highest in MF 1,000 mg/L and 2,000 mg/L treatment. Chlorophyll contents (SPAD value) also increased with the increase in fertilization concentrations. Chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m) showed the highest value of 0.8 in MF 2,000 mg/L treatment.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2015

Culture filtrates of six different edible mushroom species were screened for antimicrobial activity against tomato wilt bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum B3. Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes (Sanjo 701), Grifola frondosa, and Hypsizygus marmoreus showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria. Water, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of H. erinaceus exhibited high antibacterial activity against different phytopathogenic bacteria: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. axonopodis pv. citiri, and X. axonopodis pv. glycine. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that water extracts of SMS (WESMS) of H. erinaceus induced expressions of plant defense genes encoding ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase (GluA) and pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a), associated with systemic acquired resistance. Furthermore, WESMS also suppressed tomato wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum by 85% in seedlings and promoted growth (height, leaf number, and fresh weight of the root and shoot) of tomato plants. These findings suggest the WESMS of H. erinaceus has the potential to suppress bacterial wilt disease of tomato through multiple effects including antibacterial activity, plant growth promotion, and defense gene induction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

Common thistle contains water-soluble substances that are phytotoxic to neighboring plant species. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and flowers of common thistle (Cirsium pendulum Fisch.) were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings to determine their allelopathy, and the results showed highest inhibition in the extracts from flowers and leaves, and followed by stems, and roots. The extracts at 40 g dry tissue $L^{-1}(g\;L^{-1})$ applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish significantly inhibited root growth of test plant by 87%. Methanol extracts at 100 g $L^{-1}$ from leaves inhibited root growth of alfalfa and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) by 89 and 98%, respectively. Hexane and ethylacetate fractions of common thistle reduced alfalfa root growth more than did butanol and water fractions. Incorporation into soil with the leaf residues at $100g\;kg^{-1}$ inhibited shoot fresh weights of barnyardgrass and eclipta (Eclipta prostrate) by 88 and 58%, respectively, showing higher sensitivity in grass species. These results suggest that common thistle plants had allelopathic potential for eco-friendly vegetation management, and that especially their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant part.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.493-499
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• 2012

We have established adventitious root culture systems of Codonopsis lanceolata, Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis ussuriensis. Root segments of C. lanceolata were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $18.8{\pm}1.9$ roots per explant. Root segments of C. pilosula were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $1.0mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $8.5{\pm}1.8$ roots per explant. Leaf segments of C. ussuriensis were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $7.8{\pm}0.4$ roots per explant. In liquid culture, the best production of adventitious root (fresh weight) was obtained in 1/2 MS medium with $1.0mg/{\ell}$ NAA. This study demonstrated for the first time to produce adventitious roots in C. pilosula and C. ussuriensis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.565-574
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• 2011

The development of satisfactory alternatives for supplying the nutrients needed by crops could decrease the problems associated with conventional NPK chemical fertilizers. In this study, the effects of bacterial and fungal effective microorganisms (EM) on the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) were evaluated. This investigation was carried out parrallel with conventional NPK chemical fertilizer and a commercial sold microbial fertilizer to compare between each of their effect. Sterile water and molasses were served as controls. Azotobacter chroococcum effect also was studied either alone or in combination with the effective microorganisms on the growth parameters. In contrast to the bacterial EM, the fungal EM alone without A. chroococcum had a more stimulating effect than fungal EM combined with A. chroococcum. Results showed that seedling inoculation significantly enhanced B. rapa growth. Shoot dry and fresh weight, and leaf length and width significantly were increased by both bacterial and fungal inoculation. The results indicated that the NPK chemical fertilizer deteriorates the microflora inhabiting the soil, while the effective microorganisms either fungal or bacterial ones increased the microbial density significantly. This study implies that both of fungal and bacterial EM are effective for the improvement of the Chinese cabbage growth and enhance the microorganisms in soil. The results showed antagonism occurred between A. chroococcum and each of Penicillium sp and Trichoderma sp in both agar and plant assays. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett test.