• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.595-602
• /
• 1998

근관장 측정기 중 주파수 의존형이 다른 방법보다 정확도도 높고 사용이 간편한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 주파수 의존형 또한 실제 임상 사용시 근관내의 전해질 유무에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 전해질의 영향을 최소화한 자동 보정 주파수 의존형 전자 근관장 측정기를 개발하였다. 또한 500Hz와 10kHz가 임피던스 측정을 위해 사용되는 교류신호로써 측정오차를 최소화하는 최적 주파수임을 상품화된 제품의 주파수(400Hz, 8kHz)와 비교하여 확인하였으며, 신호의 파형에 따른 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 두 신호의 임피던스 비는 파일의 근관 내의 위치를 알려주고, 본 연구에서 적용한 두 신호의 전압차는 근관내 용액의 상태를 나타내 준다. 전압차를 이용하여 보정한 결과 측정오차를$H_2O_2$ 용액에서는 평균 +0.54mm에서 +0.18mm로(p<0.01), NaOCl 용액에서는 평균 -0.33mm에서 -0.01mm로(p<0.01) 줄일 수 있었다. 정확도는 허용오차를 ${\pm}$0.5mm를 기준으로 할 때, $H_2O_2$ 용액에서는 71.1%에서 91.1%로, NaOCl 용액에서는 82.2%에서 100%로 향상시켰다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 도심 또는 부도심에서 고정무선시스템과 이동기지국 간의 주파수 조정을 위한 이론적 모델링 및 수치해석 결과를 제시한다. 간섭분석에 필요한 주요 변수인 시스템 특성, 전파전파 모델, 보호비, 주파수의존제거, 신호-간섭 평면의 변별각을 고찰하고, 이들에 대해 수치계산을 통해 결과를 도출한다. 최소커플링손실 방법을 기반으로 가정한 고정무선시스템과 이동기지국의 특성에 대해 도심 또는 부도심에서 높이-이득 모델, 변별각, 그리고 거리의 함수로 수신간섭전력을 계산하고, 그 결과들을 보호비로부터 유도된 최대허용간섭전력과 비교한다. 제시된 방법은 다양한 무선시스템의 주파수 조정 또는 재배치 과정에 요구되는 상호 공존 또는 양립성의 기술적 분석에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제53권12호
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2016

매우 큰 사이즈를 가진 multi-finger RF MOSFET의 $S_{11}$-parameter에서 스미스차트의 저항 circle 라인을 벗어나는 kink 현상의 게이트 바이어스 종속 특성이 관찰되었다. 이러한 바이어스 종속성은 $S_{11}$-parameter의 크기와 위상, 입력저항, 입력 커패시턴스의 주파수 응답곡선을 측정하여 최초로 분석되었다. 그 결과 입력 커패시턴스의 크기와 입력저항의 dominant pole과 zero 주파수에 의해 $V_{gs}$ 종속 kink 현상이 크게 변하는 것을 알 수 있다. $V_{gs}=0V$일 때 매우 적은 $S_{11}$-parameter 위상차와 입력저항의 높은 pole 주파수에 의해 고주파영역에서 kink 현상이 나타난다. 하지만 $V_{gs}$가 높아지면 $S_{11}$-parameter 위상차가 크게 증가하고 pole 주파수가 낮아져 저주파영역에서 kink 현상이 발생하게 된다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.468-475
• /
• 2018

In medical ultrasound imaging, frequency-dependent attenuation downshifts and reduces a center frequency and a frequency bandwidth of received echo signals, respectively. This causes considerable errors in quadrature demodulation (QDM), result in lowering signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast resolution (CR). To address this problem, adaptive dynamic QDM (ADQDM) that estimates center frequencies along depth was introduced. However, the ADQDM often fails when imaging regions contain hypoechoic regions. In this paper, we introduce a valid region-based ADQDM (VR-ADQDM) method to reject the misestimated center frequencies to further improve SNR and CR. The valid regions are regions where the center frequency decreases monotonically along depth. In addition, as a low-pass filter of QDM, Gaussian wavelet based dynamic filtering was adopted. From the phantom experiments, average SNR improvements of the ADQDM and the VR-ADQDM over the traditional QDM were 1.22 and 5.27 dB, respectively, and the corresponding maximum SNR improvements were 2.56 and 10.58 dB. The contrast resolution of the VR-ADQDM was also improved by 0.68 compared to that of the ADQDM. Similar results were obtained from in vivo experiments. These results indicate that the proposed method would offer promises for imaging technically-difficult patients due to its capability in improving SNR and CR.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 1985

The effect of calcining temperature on planar coupling factor Kp resonance and antiresonance frequency of $Pb(Z_{0.53}Ti_{0.47})O_3$ doped with $Nb_2O_5$ has been investigated. The calcining temperature ranged from $700^{\circ}C$ to 110$0^{\circ}C$ The calcining temperature affected on antiresonance frequency more strongly than the resonance frequency. Therefore the Kp was almost entirely dependent upon the antiresonance frequency. The p and antiresonance frequency of the sample in creased with the calcining temperature reaching a maximum at about 90$0^{\circ}C$ When a poling electric field of 35KV/cm was applied to the sample calcined at 90$0^{\circ}C$ and sintered for two hours at 120$0^{\circ}C$ Kp attained a maximum value of 0.64 which is in good agreement with the results of other investigators.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제58권7호
• /
• pp.1386-1392
• /
• 2009

An analysis is presented for super-high-speed optical demodulation by an avalanche photodiode(APD) with electric mixing. A normalized gain is defined to evaluate the performance of the optical mixing detection. Unlike previous work, we include the effect of the nonlinear variation of the APD capacitance with bias voltage as well as the effect of parasitic and amplifier input capacitance. As a results, the normalized gain is dependent on the signal frequency and the frequency difference between the signal and the local oscillator frequency. However, the current through the equivalent resistance of the APD is almost independent of signal frequency. The mixing output is mainly attributed to the nonlinearity of the multiplication factor. We show also that there is an optimal local oscillator voltage at which the normalized gain is maximized for a given avalanche photodiode.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.181-202
• /
• 2013

It is well known that the properties of the soil deposits, especially the damping, depend on both frequency and strain amplitude. Therefore it is important to consider both dependencies to calculate the soil response against earthquakes in order to estimate input motions to buildings. However, it has been difficult to calculate the seismic response of the soil considering both dependencies directly. The author has studied the time domain evaluation of the frequency dependent dynamic stiffness, and proposed a simple hysteretic damping model that satisfies the causality condition. In this paper, this model was applied to nonlinear analyses considering the effects of the strain amplitude dependency of the soil. The basic characteristics of the proposed method were studied using a two layered soil model. The response behavior was compared with the conventional model e.g. the Ramberg-Osgood model and the SHAKE model. The characteristics of the proposed model were studied with regard to the effects of element divisions and the frequency dependency that is a key feature of the model. The efficiency of the model was confirmed by these studies.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.550-553
• /
• 2001

In this study, unity current gain frequency f$\_$T/ of GaAs MESFET is predicted with different temperatures up to 400 $^{\circ}C$. Temperature dependence parameters of the device including intrinsic carrier concentration n$\_$i/ effective mass, depletion width are considered to be temperature dependent. Small signal parameters such as gate-source, gate dran capacitances C$\_$gs/ C$\_$gd/ are correlated with transconductance g$\_$m/ to predict the unity current gain frequency. The extrinsic capacitance which plays an important roles in high frequency region has been taken into consideration in evaluating total capacitance by using elliptic integral through the substrate. From the results, f$\_$T/ decreases as the temperature increases due to the increase of small signal capacitances and the mobility degradation. Finally the extrinsic elements of capacitances have been proved to be critical in deciding f$\_$T/ which are originated from the design rule of the device.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집(수송기계편)
• /
• pp.97-100
• /
• 2005

Precise prediction of resonance frequency has been the subject of numerous papers related to Helmholtz resonator design because of its high performance at the frequency. The resonance frequency is dependent upon not only the internal dimensions of resonator but also the external boundary conditions such as the existence of other resonators in Helmholtz resonator array panel. However, the latter effect, which changes the external end correction of resonator, has not been well studied. We propose a formula to calculate the radiation impedance (or external end correction) of Helmhoitz resonator array panel. Any distance between adjacent resonators and any angle of Incidence can be allowed in the method. Numerical examples show how and how much the distance affects the resonance frequency of the panel. It is also found that the maximum absorption of the panel varies with the resonator arrangement.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.1055-1064
• /
• 2015

We demonstrate a next-generation high-capacity mobile fronthaul based on radio over fiber (RoF) technology, which links between a digital unit and a radio unit supporting two frequency assignments and $2{\times}2$ multiple input, multiple output antennas. To confirm the technical feasibility of a mobile fronthaul, we experimentally investigate its down- and uplink end-to-end performances including the optical and radio frequency (RF) signal path. Frequency-dependent performance deviations, error vector magnitude variations, overall system performance variations caused by optical to electrical conversion, and intermediate frequency to RF conversions are examined. Experimental verifications on multiple LTE uplink signals are performed for the first time. We also demonstrate several commercial mobile Internet services, YouTube video streaming, and file transfers using off-the-shelf mobile devices, through a mobile fronthaul based on RoF.