• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2001

The most prevailing consumption pattern of chicken was "Buy fresh and cook at home (79.8%)". The frequency of eating chicken dish was about "Twice a month". Total average of degree of Preference is "2.30". It is very much close to "Like (2.0)" rather than "Average (3.0)". The degree of preference of chicken decrease as the age increase. About 30% of the housewives have the experience of buying chicken "Cut-up". But "Whole chicken (79.7%)" was still used mostly for chicken dish at home. As the education background improves or living expense increases, housewives purchase chicken "Cup-up" more frequently. The major criteria in purchasing chicken was "Hygiene (67.4%)""Quality (55.2%), "Expiration date (36.7%)" follows next. The groups of ′Above 50 years′, ′Graduate school′ and ′More than 3 million won′show greater interest about "Health" than any other groups. Major chicken dish at home in Korea was "Chopped hot chicken (70.7%)". "Boiled chicken soup (43.2%) \" and "Ginseng chicken soup (39.3%)" follows next. "Order for delivery (57.4%)" increased rapidly for chicken consumption. Croup of ′20~30 years′ order chickens for delivery more frequently than other groups. But as the age of housewives increases, they cook at home more frequently. The most preferred chicken dish for dining-out were "Fried chicken (69.4%)" and "Spicy chicken (57.4%)". The preference of Korean traditional dish for dining out was decreasing except "Chuncheon chicken rib (14.2%)".2%)".

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.243-255
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• 2007

This study carried out a survey which is related to food safety in food business in order to find out interest in food safety and to get awareness of food safety in food business. The research was done through surveys for the people in the Seoul Metropolitan area. 232 out of 250 answers were used in analyzing frequency, factor, $x^2$-test, and t-test through SPSS Win 12.0. There are three main factors of food safety in food business. The first is food borne illness(65.9%), the second is trans-fat(63.4%), and the third is remained agrichemicals(58.5%). Basically, women consider food safety more seriously than men do, and married women than unmarried women. Women were unsatisfied with the government's regulations than men were, married women than unmarried women. Women more consider awareness of food safety than men do, married women than unmarried women. Overall, unmarried women worried about their eating stuff seriously than any other group does. People consider food safety first, more and more these days, therefore, we need special management programs and regulations to focus on food safety and to support many studies about food safety.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.211-229
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• 2023

This study analyzed the differences in the general characteristics, mental and health-related factors, eating habits, and nutrient intake of Korean male youths before and after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The data of a total of 1,231 subjects, from among the participants in the 2018 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were analyzed. The 2020 group had fewer married members than the 2018 group. The subjects in the 2020 group weighed more (P<0.05), had a higher waist circumference (P<0.01), and showed greater weight gain (P<0.05) than the 2018 group subjects. The aerobic physical activity of the 2020 group was lower (P<0.01) compared to the 2018 group. The members of the 2020 group had higher depression scores (P<0.01), suicidal tendencies (P<0.01), and need for counseling for mental problems (P<0.05) than those of the 2018 group. The prevalence of high fasting blood sugar levels and diabetes was higher in the 2020 group compared to the 2018 group. The frequency of breakfast (P<0.01) and dining out (P<0.001) and the proportion of breakfast (P<0.01) and dinner (P<0.05) taken with the family or non-family members was lower in the 2020 group than in the 2018 group. The rate of dietary supplement intake of the 2020 group was higher than that of the 2018 group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the protein (P<0.05), riboflavin (P<0.01), and carbohydrate (P<0.01) intakes between the two groups. These results suggest that male youths had a higher waist circumference and high levels of depression, and showed a decrease in frequency of breakfast intake and dining out after the out break COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, nutrition and health promotion programs are urgently needed to improve mental health, other health-related factors and nutritional status of male adults that are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.36-49
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• 1973

This study was carried out for the objectives to collect the basic informations on the health behaviors of the elementary school children in an urban area in Korea. Seven hundred students were drawn to fill in the designed questionnaire which carries variety of Questions on health re-lated behaviors in general, eating habits, disease history, mental health, and sex education. Questionnaire were filled in by their parents. Major findings are as follows: ① 55.7% had habits of washing the hands before eating whereas 59.8% trashing their hands after toilet. The others had no idea of washing hands before eating and after toilet. ② 26,5% had habits of brushing the teeth twice a day 54.7% only once in the morning, and 2.6% once only in the evening. Thus, the idea of prevention from decayed teeth seems to be lacking among the school children. ③ Bathing habits were also inquired to get 40.3% of bathing more than once a week, 43.1% once every two weeks, and the rest of 16.6% once every one to three months. ④ 41.7% keep the regular bedding time whereas 58.3% irregular. Physical exercises were con-ducted by 76.6% on the ground while 23.5% did not practice any physical exercises at all. Of those physical exercises, rope skipping occupied 37.5%, and the other 66.9% consisted of 14 different kinds of individual type physical exercises such as gymnastic exercise. The main reasons for not enjoying exercises were different by sex; boys largely complained the inadequacy and lack of gymnastic facilities and girls felt in short of friends who could join the exercises. ⑤ 31.9% of the school children had been taking not much of food while 28.3% had unbalanced diets. Of these unbalanced diets, meat occupied 33.2% to be the priority to have an order of the following items such as vegetables, bread or noodle, and fishes as next to each. For eating habits, 88.5% take simple snack such as bread (38.4%, cookies, fruits, and candies in order. 25.8% of the children were provided such snacks or their parents regularly. Breakfast was sufficiently taken by 45.0% whereas 8.4% had never sufficiently. As to the lunch, 63.6% had sufficiently while 16.8% insufficiently. 70.6% take breakfast with all family members together and 30.4% separately. Correlation of sufficient taking of breakfast and eating together of tile family member's seems to be significant when we compare 72.5% of sufficient takers who enjoy breakfast together with the family members with 55.6% of insufficient takers who enjoy it with the family. This finding allows the investigator to point out the importance of table circumstances for children's eating. ⑥ The most common disease was catching a cold (38.8%), and the second was stomach trouble to be followed by the frequency of car sickness, headache, and skin infection. Doctors are consulted only by 23.9% when they are sick whereas 59.7% resorted to the drug stores. The lower the educational attainment of the parents, the lower the rate of visiting clinics. ⑦ 36.7% of their parents pointed out the problems of personality guidance as the most difficult thing at home 71.3% of their parents worried about and unsatisfied with their children's personality traits. Of these complains of the parents, impatience stood at the top to be tabulated at 24.1%, and 21.1% indicated narrow-mindedness. In line with this primary socialization at home, the most crucial problem seems to be related with the lack or recognition of the parents'own role when we find only 43.1% of the parents understood the importance of their own role for the home education of children; the latter group attributed tile responsibility of personality formation to the children themselves. ⑧ As to the sex educational aspects, 30.9% of children have ever asked about the physiology of reproduction or sexual matters to their parents, of those parents only 17.0% could give the constructive responses to the inquiries of the children. In companies on with these data, 25.6% recognized their own role in sex education for their own children while the large segments of the parents (51.1%) attributed the responsibility of sex education to tile low level of 38.3% who recognized the importance of sex education in the school curriculum and 25.1% of the parents insisted to wait until they get to know naturally about sex. 38.1% of the parents said they had some knowledge on sex from books while 16.9% through mass media. The next groups had common senses of sex from their own parents, school friends and other sources.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.214-224
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to propose the marketing strategy for the local foodservice industry which can lead to successful business in keen competitive foodservice industry by adapting community residents' dining-out behaviors. A total of 350 adults (291 collected, 102 men and 188 women) was surveyed with a questionnaire about the frequency of dining-out, company when out to eat, proper price for one meal, reasons why one chooses a specific restaurant, and general information. Data was analyzed by SPSS/win 7.5. Over the 1/3 of residents (36.3%) ate out 1-2 times a week and slightly over the 1/4 of residents (26.4%) did so 1-2 times a month. Usually men did more dining out than women. Teachers/ professors' (52.6%) dined out 1-2 times a week. Respondents with 1-2 million won of monthly income (46.4%) ate out 1-2 times a week. Almost 3/4 of respondents chose Korean restaurant. The main factors affected selecting the specific restaurant were 'cleanliness of food and atmosphere of restaurant', and 'reasonable price'. More than 1/3 of respondents (38.9%) answered 5,000-8,000 won was reasonable price for eating-out. Respondents in 20's dined out with friends (70.4%) and friends (43.0%) chose the specific restaurant; on the other hand, the other age groups usually dined out accompanied by family (60.7 - 73.7%) and respected spouse or children's opinion when selecting a restaurant. Thus, the menu must be reevaluated from the customers' view point and nutritional status for the well-being of community residents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.587-600
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze customer needs for the operation of unmanned food stores on a university campus. Methods: A total of 329 responses were collected from customers who had purchased food at the stores. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program for frequency analysis, χ2-test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: On average, the overall satisfaction score for lunch and the eating location was 3.91 out of 5 points. Overall satisfaction was significantly higher for home cooking, and lower for eating at convenience stores (p < 0.001), and the score for eating with family was significantly higher than for eating alone or with friends (p < 0.001). On average, the intention to use an unmanned store received a score of 3.98 out of 5 points, while 'home cooking (3.76)' was significantly lower than other eating locations and eating at 'convenience stores (4.38)' was significantly higher than other eating locations (p < 0.05). The desired time of use for unmanned food stores was 'lunch (54.1%)', 'dinner (46.2%)', and 'afternoon snack (41.9%)', and the desired foods were 'doshirak (62.0%)', 'sandwich (56.2%)', 'fruit cup (54.4%)', 'salad (51.7%)', and 'kimbap (50.5%)'. There were significantly more opinions that single-person households would use unmanned food stores for dinner more than family households (p < 0.05), and significantly more willingness to purchase fruit cup (p < 0.05). The average prices (Korean won) that the subjects were willing to pay for the purchase of food were 4,991 for doshirak, 3,403 for salad, 2,745 for fruit cup, 2,609 for sandwich, and 2,235 for kimbap. Conclusion: For the successful operation of the unmanned food stores on the university campus, the store manager should grasp the customer's needs in real-time and establish an effective marketing strategy.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate nutrient intakes and obesity-related factors of obese children by interviewing the subjects aged from 11 to 13 in Daegu. The collected data were consisted of items on general characteristics, dietary behavior, nutrition knowledge and daily nutrient intakes of subjects. The subjects were classified into obese and non-obese control groups according to their relative weights. Frequency of skipping breakfast and eating rate of obese group were significantly higher than those of control group. There was no significant difference between obese and control group in the nutrition knowledge score. Except vitamins $B_1$, $B_2$ and iron, the average daily intakes of other nutrients in obese were greater than control group. The most contributing factor to BMI turned out to be cholesterol intake. After the nutrition education targeting obese children, their nutrition knowledge scores improved, but the dietary behavior score was not significantly changed. Therefore, childhood obesity may be prevented by continuous education programs including the behavior modification of obese children. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 477-484, 2003)

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the consumption patterns of fast food chain stores according to their parents'social demographic factors in using fast food chain stores. The data of this research were composed of 599 college students in Taegu$.$Kyungbuk region. Obtained data were analyzed by X$^2$-test, t-test, oneway ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test with SPSS PC+ program. The findings of this study are as follows; First, mother's academic background and father's occupations, family income level of the respondents were statistically significant in using fast food chain stores. Secondly, 19% of the respondents answered that they 'hardly'used fast food chain stoles, 65.4% of them 'sometimes', and 16% of them 'frequently'. Most of the respondents answered that they visit 'with their friends'. They prefer fast food because the flood is convenient to eat and the services are fast. The frequency of eating out was increased and their taste was apt to westernize.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.263-267
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• 1997

Eighty-seven strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from feces of wild mammals in Choniu zoo were tested for their biochemical reaction and susceptibility to 19 antibiotics or chemicals by using disc diffusion test and/or Microscan Walkway 40/96. Out of 87 isolates, Enterobacteriaceae (44), Hafinia alvei (9), Citrobacterfreundi (5) and Proteus vulgaris (5) were frequently detected. The detective frequency of Enterobacteriaceae in animals classified by their eating pattern was higher in carnivorous and omnivorous than in herbivorous animal. In antibiotic susceptibility tests most of isolates were susceptible to cefazolinl ceftazidime, aztreoname, trimethoprin/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cofuroximel ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and eftizoximel and moderately susceptible to cephalotin and ticarcillin but resistant to ticarcillin/K and amikacin.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.669-678
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• 1997

This study was designed to estimate the sodium intake of preschool children . To determine the sodium intake & excretion of preschool children in Korea, dietary behaviors, anthropometry, intakes of dietary nutrients, urinary sodium excretion and preference for salty foods were measured in 42 preschool children (male 26 , female 16, average6.5 years old) and their mothers. The results are summarized as follows. Mean daily urinary sodium excretion was 52.7 mEq(1,212.1mg). This value did not show remarkable change compared with the other studied that were accomplished in the similarage group for about the last ten years. And the subjects showed lower preference for salty taste than those of elementary school children and adults. Mean daily lower preference for salty taste than those of elementary school children and adults. Mean daily urinary sodium excretion were significantly correlated with the frequency of eating out (p<0.01), potassium intake(p<0.001) and urinary sodium to potassium excretion ratio(p<0.001). But there weren't any correlations with mean daily sodium intake, blood pressure, dietary nutrients intake and the preference for salty taste.