• Language and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.145-163
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• 2010

This paper aims to propose that Benford's Law, non-uniform distribution of the leading digits in lists of numbers from many real-life sources, also appears in linguistic texts. The first digits in the frequency lists of morphemes from Sejong Morphologically Analyzed Corpora represent non-uniform distribution following Benford's Law, but showing complexity of numerical sources from complex systems like earthquakes. Benford's Law in texts is a principle reflecting regular distribution of low-frequency linguistic types, called LNRE(large number of rare events), and governing texts, corpora, or sample texts relatively independent of text sizes and the number of types. Although texts share a similar distribution pattern by Benford's Law, we can investigate non-uniform distribution slightly varied from text to text that provides useful applications to evaluate randomness of texts distribution focused on low-frequency types.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.102-105
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• 1993

In this paper, we examine the method of articulation test which is effective in evaluating the speech quality in mobile communication. The korean monosyllable lists for articulation test are developed based upon the frequency of occurrence of korean monosyllables used under natural environment. The monosyllable articulation lists are recorded through the public switch telecommunication network(PSTN) and mobile telecommunication system. The recorded lists are presented to the listeners through the headphone in order to deep the listening conditions equal. It is showen that the articulation lists perform well under different signal-to-noise ratios and the restriction of some frequency ranges. Some articulation scores obtained within the PSTN and between the mobile communication system and PSTN are presented.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.1058-1063
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• 1994

In this study we developed monosyllable lists for articulation test for Korean. We sampled 103,581 colloquial monosyllables, applied them to five selection rules that based on Korean linguistic characteristics, and finally constructed five different lists with fifty monosyllables. The validity test using the monaural impairment factors such as S/N ratio and cut-off frequency showed that articulation scores were chanted systematically according to the level of impairment factors. In addition, we investigated the effect of azimuth of a single competing sound upon articulation scores. The syllables were always reproduced by the loudspeaker in front of the subject, while Hoth noise were reproduced by the loudspeaker with varying azimuth around subject. The result indicated that the articulation depended on the azimuth of competing sound sources. Finally, no significant differences among lists were found in all experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.5-26
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze high school students' understanding and use of the recommended books lists. The survey distributed to high school students in seven high schools located in Seoul, and 311 students responded. Using SPSS 24, the data was analyzed by frequency, binary logistic model, and one-way ANOVA. Results show the followings. First, the meaningful factors affecting students' use of recommended books lists are gender, grade levels, and the degree to which students think recommended books lists include the books that are suitable and interesting. Particularly, the degree to which students think recommended books lists include the suitable books for them is the strong factor affecting students' use of the recommended books lists. Second, male students are less likely to use recommended books lists than female students. Male students consistently are less likely to use the recommended books lists made by school librarians, subject teachers, and reading experts and/or organizations. Third, teacher-librarians believed that the recommended books lists would help students who do not enjoy reading and have difficulties in reading. However, the study finds that students who enjoy reading and read well are more willing to use the recommended books lists made by school librarians, subjects teachers, and reading experts and/or organizations than those who do not. Fourth, students are most willing to use the recommended books lists for college preparation. The findings suggest the further research topics in designing the recommended books lists suitable for high school students and in scaffolding the high school students' use of book information reflected in recommended books lists.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.33-39
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• 2021

This paper aims to analyze lexical properties of keyword lists extracted from NLT Old Testament Corpus(NOTC), NLT New Testament Corpus(NNTC), and The NLT Bible Corpus(NBC) and identify that text dispersion keyness is more effective than corpus frequency keyness. For this purpose, NOTC including around 570,000 running words and NNTC about 200,000 were compiled after downloading the files from NLT website of Bible Hub. Scott's (2020) WordSmith 8.0 was utilized to extract keyword lists through comparing a target corpus and a reference corpus. The result demonstrated that text dispersion keyness showed lexical properties of keyword lists better than corpus frequency keyness and that the former was a superior measure for generating optimal keyword lists to fully meet content-generalizability and content distinctiveness.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 1994

In this study we developed monosyllable lists for articulation test for Korean. We sampled 103, 581 colloquial monosyllables, applied them to five selection rules that based on Korean linguistic characterisitcs, and finally constructed five different lists with fifity monosyllables. The validity test using the monaural impairment factors such as S/N ratio and cut-off frequency showed that articulation scores were changed systematically according to the level of impairment factors. In addition, we investigated the effect of azimuth of a single competing sound source upon articulation scores. The syllables were always reproduced by the loudspeaker in front of the subject, while Hoth noise( -5dB/oct) were reproduced by the loudspeaker with varying azimuth around subject. The result indicated that the articulation depended on the azimuth of competing sound sources and no significant differences among lists were found in all experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to categorize a landscape adjective list for urban landscape analysis. For this purpose, four methods are used. The first method is to survey the foreign landscape adjective lists such as Feimer's EACL & LACL, VRM suggested vocabulary, and IEA and LI's aesthetic factors, which are commonly used in domestic research. The second method is to analyze vocabulary in Korean linguistic textbook the third is to investigate Korean adjective lists from 36 domestic research. The last is to survey adjectives used to express the urban landscapes. 24 landscapes from BunDdang, GwaCheon, YakSoo and ApGuJeong were presented to 40 subjects, whose responses were collected and categorized. The frequency analysis of the adjectives and landscape factors were processed by SJTOOL, which was programmed for Korean vocabulary analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Foreign adjective lists were mainly focused on the physical features of landscapes and they also had linguistic problems caused by the translations. Therefore, it is undesirable to use the foreign adjective list directly to analyze Korean urban landscapes. The vocabulary from the linguistic textbook has more variety, but it includes many adjectives irrelevant to the urban landscape. More types of adjectives were used in the researches(890 adjectives/295 types), compared with the result of response survey(1,406 adjectives/270 types). Because some adjectives were partly confusing, it is desirable to categorize the adjectives. The categorized adjectives could therefore be more useful and practical for urban landscape analysis.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2018

Purpose More than 7.6 million mobile apps could be approved on both Apple iTunes Store and Google Play. For managing those existed Apps, Apple Inc. established twenty-four primary categories, as well as Google Play had thirty-three primary categories. However, all of their categorizations have appeared more and more problems in managing and classifying numerous apps, such as app miscategorized, cross-attribution problems, lack of categorization keywords index, etc. The purpose of this study focused on introducing individual information cognitive processing as the classification criteria to update the current categorization on Apple iTunes Store. Meanwhile, we tried to observe the effectiveness of the new criteria from a classification process on Apple iTunes Store. Design/Methodology/Approach A research approach with four research stages were performed and a series of mixed methods was developed to identify the feasibility of adopting individual information cognitive processing as categorization criteria. By using machine-learning techniques with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and Singular Value Decomposition, keyword lists were extracted. By using the prior research results related to car app's categorization, we developed individual information cognitive processing. Further keywords extracting process from the extracted keyword lists was performed. Findings By TF-IDF and SVD, keyword lists from more than five thousand apps were extracted. Furthermore, we developed individual information cognitive processing that included a categorization teaching process and learning process. Three top three keywords for each category were extracted. By comparing the extracted results with prior studies, the inter-rater reliability for two different methods shows significant reliable, which proved the individual information cognitive processing to be reliable as criteria of categorization on Apple iTunes Store. The updating suggestions for Apple iTunes Store were discussed in this paper and the results of this paper may be useful for app store hosts to improve the current categorizations on app stores as well as increasing the efficiency of app discovering and locating process for both app developers and users.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2000

Contributions of specific foods to absolute intake and between-person variance in 13 nutrients were examined to develop a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the Korean elderly using dietary data collected by a semiquantitative FFQ with 96 food items. The contributions of specific foods to 90% absolute nutrient intake were measured by assessing their percentage to the total consumption of a nutrient by our samples(n=98). To assess the contribution of the foods to the between-person variance in intake of each specific nutrient, stepwise multiple regression was performed. Cumulative R2 served as the measure of contribution to variation in intake. The most important food source of absolute intake was rice for energy and protein. Important foods of between person variance contribution include bread for energy and pork for protein. Important foods of absolute and variance contribution of nutrient intake were similar for fat(noodles including jajangmyun and kalguksu), calcium(anchovy and milk) and vitamin A (carrot). The number of foods necessary to account for the variation in nutrient intake among older people in Korea differ considerably by nutrient: 18 - 43 and 8-26 foods were accounted for the respective 90 and 80% of absolute intake depending on nutrients. Carbohydrates and vitamin A and C had relatively a few major sources, thus may be assessed well by a small number of foods. Conversely, iron, potassium and B vitamins appear to need longer lists of foods. Fewer numbeer (6 - 12 and 4 - 9) of foods were required for the corresponding percentages of between-person variation for all nutrients. Depending on nutrients, 0.980-0.995 and 0.924-0.987 were respective correlation coefficients of nutrient intakes measured by 96 food items with those by lists of foods for 90% and 80% of absolute intake contribution. These findings suggest that an incomplete food list on the basis of its contribution to absolute and between person variation intakes may still be effective in discriminating among individuals. The results of this study may be useful in the design and use of dietary questionnaire.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.2A
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• pp.174-180
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• 2004

The World Radiocommunication Conference in year of 2000 adopted new Plans as well as Lists for BSS and its feeder-link in the Regions 1 and 3, based on the new technical criteria such as small size of antenna and low satellite power. Since the new Plans and Lists were based on new technical criteria, ITU was requested to review the relevant regulatory procedures and sharing criteria of broadcasting satellite networks contained in Appendices 30 and 30A of Radio Regulations. Korean BSS network at 116$^{\circ}$E was chosen for the study and ITU S/W (MSPACEG) was used. We analyzed the interference effects from adjacent BSS networks to Korean BSS network using parameters of an antenna diameter and polarization of receiving earth station. The analysis shows that it is difficult to co-operate BSS networks both at 116$^{\circ}$E and 113$^{\circ}$E, however, it is possible to use small antenna (i.e. 45cm) in frequency sharing among BSS networks with 6$^{\circ}$ orbital separation.