• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제21_24호
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• pp.43-89
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• 1992

In this thesis, the prominent aspect of word accent in standard Korean is studied by auditory test and acoustic analysis experiment. The definition of 'accent' is, following Hoyoung Lee's discussion(1990), to be described as 'the means whereby a focused part of an utterance is made to stand out in order to concentrate the hearer's attention on it.' That is to say, the ten of 'accent' may be described in terms of phonological phenomenon and the accented syllable can be phonetically prominent as the result of those phonological process. Prosodic features may have different characteristics in different languages whether they contain linguistically important functions or not. Thus the characteristics of word accent in standard Korean will be determined as the content and trait of prosodic features. Following this viewpoint, present study looked over prosodic features which may effect the characteristics of word accent in standard Korean, through systematic experimental procedure. And the result of this experiment has been verified by statistical method, the T-test, for the purpose of identifying the relatedness among prosodic features(parameters). This thesis, therefore, aimed to investigate the intrinsic acoustic and physical qualities of the word accent in standard Korean. Nonsense words composed by 'mal' and 'ma' which can be divided into 'heavy syllable' and 'light syllable' quoted from Hyman(1975) have been classified into 28 types with respect to syllable numbers(2 syl., 3 sy1., 4 syl.) and these words have become the target of auditory test and acoustic experiment. As the result of those experimental Procedures, the word accent in standard Korean may be said that it has a tendency of fixing first two syllables regardless of syllable numbers. The syllable types of HH, HL, LL in the first two syllables may be prominent at first syllable and the type of H may be at second syllable. Various prosodic features(parameters) including duration, intensity, and Fo(purely phonetic terms) were also strengthened in those positions. The result of this experiment can be cleared up like these : 1. The most important feature is proved as 'duration', the feature of intensity resulted in more subsidiary one than the feature of duration. 2. Fo( fundamental frequency) could be observed as having some coherent contour through almost all syllable types(99 ％), that is, in 2 syllable types, it had rising contour, in 2 syllable types, rising-falling contour, and in 4 syllable types, it contained rising-falling-rising contour. The result of auditory test was different with those contour forms of all Fo surveyed. With respect to these results, the discuss for Fo is determined' to be excluded comparing other features. 3. Finally, this thesis resulted in a decision that the word accent in standard Korean may has fixed(somewhat weaker) accent, especially fixed at first two syllables in almost all words. 4. Various kinds of syllable types related with 2,3,4 syllables, therefore, can be reclassified into 4 types of HH, HL, LH, LL following the concept of accent fixing placement(i.e. first two syllables). In these 4 types, the types of HH, HL, LL were prominent at the position of the first syllable , and the type of LH was prominent at the second syllable otherwise.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-146
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the seven-hour sexuality education program for senior high school girl students and apply it to them to find out how this program affects their sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the self-efficacy of sexual behavior practice. The ultimate goal of this study is that high school girl students are to prevent unwanted pregnancy, STD and AIDS, after attending this sexuality education program. A non-equivalent control group pretest-post test design was used for this study. The number of experimental group consisted of 80 girl students and the control group was composed of 80 girls, too. A total of 160 freshmen from two commercial girls' high schools were selected by a convenience sampling method. This study was carried out in commercial high schools located in Daejeon, Korea from July 15th to October 31st, 2002. To discover the need for sexuality education, the researcher surveyed with a pre-designed questionnaire to 160 girls from the two different commercial high schools. The sex education curriculum was developed on the basis of the need of high school girl students for sex education survey results and literature review and a teaching-learning planning model and health belief model. The experimental group was taught the sexuality education program for seven hours from October 19th to 23rd, 2002 and each period continued for 50 minutes. The SPSS(10.0) Windows statistics software was used to analyze the data, along with frequency, percentage, $X^2$-test, t-test, and paired t-test. The instruments' internal consistencies were tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The increment of sex-related knowledge score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group (t=-10.88, p=.000). 2. The increment of sex-related attitude score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group (t=-2.67, p=.009). 3. The increment of the practice of self-efficacy of sexual behavior score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group(t=-4.95, p=.000). In conclusion, sexuality education programs based on high girl students' educational desire, characteristics of development, a teaching learning planning model, a health belief model were effective to improve sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes and the self-efficacy of sexual behavior practice of commercial high school girl students. This result can contribute to expand the school nurse's role in the sex education area and to develop theory-based school health nursing.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2012

대상자 특성에 따른 여러 가지 비만유형과 치주질환과의 관련성을 분석하기 위하여 2010년 3월 2일부터 6월 30일까지 서울, 인천, 경기 지역에 거주하며 자원봉사센터에 봉사자로 등록된 20세 이상의 성인을 대상으로 수집한 429명의 자료를 chi-square test, Multivariable logistic regression 그리고 Statistics were analyzed linear regression analysis를 이용한 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자 특성에 따른 비만유형과 치주질환의 관련성은 WHR에 의한 비만 판정 군이 정상 군에 비해 칫솔질 횟수에서 일일 2회에서는 2.22배(95% CI: 1.17-4.28), 3회에서는 3.34배(95% CI: 1.53-7.27) 높게 나타났고, 스트레스 자각수준에서 0-3점에서는 2.47배(95% CI: 1.09-5.59), 4-6점에서는 3.99배(95% CI: 1.75-9.08) 높게 나타났으며, 수면시간에서는 8시간 이상 군에서 4.20배(95% CI: 2.11-8.34) 높게 나타났다. 2. 치주질환과 관련성을 나타낸 비만유형은 WHR로 복부비만 군은 정상 군에 비해 치주질환에 이환될 가능성이 2.56배(95% CI: 1.587-4.138) 높았으며, BMI와 PBF에서는 유의한 관련성이 확인되지 않았다. WHR은 비만진단 지표 중 치주질환에 가장 영향력 있는 지표로 비만으로 판정 받은 경우 치주질환을 함께 가지고 있을 위험이 높아지므로 이들에 대한 정기적인 치주관리의 필요성은 더욱 강조되어야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.641-649
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 대학생들을 대상으로 인성함양을 위한 마음과 행복 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 조사하였다. 연구에서 실시된 프로그램은 인성함양을 위한 선행연구와 이주희, 박희현, 박은민(2010)의 대학생을 대상으로 개발한 인성함양 교육프로그램 지침서와 '심성계발 지도의 실제'(김여옥, 1999)자료를 참고하여 연구자가 대학생에게 적용이 가능한 내용으로 재구성하여 작성하였다. 본 프로그램은 대학에서 한 학기 동안 교양선택 강좌로 활용할 수 있도록 13회기로 구성되었으며 매 회기는 강의 50분과 실습 활동 프로그램 50분으로 이루어져있다. 그리고 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 전라북도에 소재한 W대학교의 인성함양을 위한 마음과 행복 프로그램에 참여한 88명을 실험참여집단으로 선정되었으며 주 1회 100분씩 총 13주간 마음과 행복 프로그램이 진행되었다. 또한 프로그램 참여자들의 프로그램 만족도를 파악하고자 각 항목들에 대한 빈도 및 백분율을 산출하였다. 그리고 참여자들의 자아효능감과 삶의 만족도의 사전검사와 사후검사 점수 간의 평균차이를 비교하는 대응 t-검증을 실시하고, 효과의 크기를 알아보기 위하여 Cohen's d를 산출하였다. 따라서 인성함양을 위한 마음과 행복 프로그램을 대학의 교양강좌를 통해 실시한 연구결과 대학생들에게 있어 자아효능감과 삶의 만족도를 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 프로그램 종료 후 대학생들이 본 프로그램을 다른 학생들에게 추천하겠다고 평가를 하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 상완이두근에 온열과 한랭요법을 시간별로 적용한 후 피부온도의 변화와 이에 따른 등척성 수축력과 근활성도의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 말초 혈관계 및 근골격계 질환이 없는 20대의 신체 건강한 남녀 20명으로 하였으며, 대상자에게 한랭요법을 5분, 10분, 20분간 적용하였고, 온열요법을 5분, 10분, 20분, 30분간 적용한 후 피부온도, 등척성 수축력과 근활성도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 피부온도는 온열과 한랭 5분 적용 시 급격히 변화하였고, 적용 시간이 증가함에 따라 변화폭은 줄어들었다(p<.001). 등척성 수축력은 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 온열 5분 적용 시 가장 높았으며, 온열 30분 적용 시 가장 낮았다(p<.001). 근활성도와 중앙주파수는 온열 5분 적용 시 가장 높았다(p<.05)(p<.01). 본 연구를 통하여 온열과 한랭요법의 적용시간에 따라 근육의 등척성 수축력과 근활성도가 달라짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 임상에서 온열과 한랭의 적용시간에 따른 근수축의 변화에 대한 근거자료로 사용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.595-602
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• 1997

Treatment of newborn female rats with gonadal steroids induces permanent sterility in adulthood. We investigated the alteration in expression patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in neonatally estrogenized sterile rats (ESR). Newborn female rats received daily injections of 17${\beta}$-estradiol (E, 10 ${\mu}$g) from the day of birth (day 1) to postnatal day 5. Controls were subjected to vehicles over the same period. All animals were sacrificed on week 7 after birth. Hypothalamic GnRH mANA levels were markedly higher in all ESR than in controls, while hypothalamic GnRH contents in ESR increased in proportion to the frequency of daily administration of E. However, both pituitary LH6 mRNA and serum LH levels were inversely decreased by the same treatment. The data indicate that neonatal exposure of E equally elevates the expression of GnRH gene, but reduces the secretion of GnRH, accordingly leading to attenuation of LH6 gene expression and circulating LH levels. The temporal effect of E and/or progesterone (P) on GnRH and LH6 mRNA levels was also examined in ESR. Newborn female rats were daily injected with E (10 ${\mu}$g) or vehicle for five successive days from day 1 and ovariectomized at week 5. They were implanted with E (235 ${\mu}$g/ml) two days prior to week 7, injected with P (1 mg) 42 h later, and sacrificed 7 h after P administration. In ovariectomized controls, hypothalamic GnRH mRNA levels were dropped to half by treatment of E and restored by subsequent treatment of P. The negative feedback action of E on GnRH mRNA levels observed in ovariectomized rats was completely blocked by neonatal exposure of E. The change in pituitary LH mRNA levels was similar to that in hypothalamic GnRH mRNA levels. Taken together, the results suggest that neonatal treatment of E alters the synthesis and release of GnRH in adulthood and furthermore blocks the negative feedback regulation of E which occurs normally after ovariectomy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

In this study, antimicrobial activity of oriental herbal medicine extract (OHME) was tested for some organisms and the preventive effects of OHME for the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni on epithelium of small intestine were examined in Korean native broiler chickens fed a forage added 1.0% OHME. The isolated Campylobacter spp were biotyped, serotyped and the susceptiblility of isolates to antimicrobial agent were examined. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited in 0.25% OHME. C. jejuni and C. coli were inhibited in 0.1% OHME, and Salmonella spp, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escheichia coli 0157 were inhibited in 2.0% OHME. For the application of forage added 1.0% OHME in broiler chicken farm, the frequency of Campylobacter spp from feces, liver and spleen sample of chickens were examined during 2 weeks interval. The frequence of Campylobacter spp in feces from chickens fed assorted forage (control group) was increased from 25% in first week to 75% in seventh week. But the frequence of Campylobacter spp in feces sample from chickens 134 forage added OHME was slightly reduced from 25% in first week to 15% in seventh week. The frequence of Campylobacter spp in liver, and spleen was 13.7% and 10% respectively after seventh week in control group, but the Campylobacter spp was not isolated after fifth week in live and spleen from chickens fed forage added OHME. Isolated 56 strains of thermophilic Campyiobacter from Korean native chickens was classified as C. jejuni (76.7%), C. coli (214%) and C. laridis (1.6%). The majority of 43 isolates of C. jejuni was classified on biotype I (60.4%), II (30.2%). Most of 12 isolates of C.coli were biotype I (83.3%). Isolated 31 strains C. jejuni of showed 11 different serotype, and serotype 36 (18.6%), 17 (13.9%)were most frequent. Isolated 10 strains of C. coli showed 5 different serotypes and serotype 31 (33.3%) and 21 (25%) were relatively common. Isolated Campylobacter spp were highly susceptible to nalidixic acid, amikacin, gentamicin, colistin and chloramphenucol.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1997

The relaxation of gastric fundus smooth muscles is the primary physiological event which induces the receptive relaxation of monogastric animals. L-arginine/Nitric oxide(L-arg/NO) system is known to mediate the inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic(NANC) neurotransmission in various tissues including gastrointestinal smooth muscles. The longitudinal smooth muscles of porcine gastric fundus showed fast relaxation during electrical field stimulation(EFS) and rebound contraction after EFS in NANC condition. So, the purpose of present study was elucidation of the neurotrasmitters related to the NANC relaxation and explanation of the relation between NANC relaxation and L-arg/NO system. The longitdinal smooth muscles of porcine gastric fundus were hung in the organ bath and under the presence of guanethidine($5{\times}10^{-5}M$), precontraction was induced by carbachol($1{\times}10^{-6}M$). The muscle responses to EFS and drugs were isomerically recorded. The rusults were summarized as follows. 1. The longtudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus showed frequency-dependent relaxation and rebound contraction to electrical field stimulaton(1ms, 8V, 1~16Hz, 20sec, EFS). These responses were blocked by tetrodotoxin($1{\times}10^{-6}M$). 2. The relaxation and rebound contraction of the longitudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus to EFS were inhibited by L-NAME($2{\times}10^{-5}M$). The inhibitory effect of L-NAME was antagonized by L-arginine($1{\times}10^{-3}M$), but not by D-arginine($1{\times}10^{-3}M$). 3. Exogenous NO($NaNO_2$, $1{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-4}M$, pH=2.0) caused concentration-dependent relaxation as EFS did. 4. Methylene Blue($2{\times}10^{-5}M$), a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited the relaxation and rebound contraction of the longitudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus induced by EFS, but N-ethlmaleimide, a adenylate cyclase inhibitor, did not. 5. 8-Br-cGMP($1{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}3{\times}10^{-6}M$), permeable cGMP analogue, induced dose-dependent relaxation. but 8-Br-cAMP($1{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}3{\times}10^{-6}M$), permeable cAMP analogue, did not. Both did not evoked rebound contraction. 6. ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin did not affect the relaxation of the longitudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus. 7. Reactive blue 2($1{\times}10^{-4}M$, 40min) siginificantly inhibited the rebound contraction induced by EFS and inhibited contraction caused by exogenous ATP($1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-3}M$). These results suggests that NANC relaxation of the longitudinal muscles of porcine gastric fundus mainly mediated by NO and the rebound contraction is related to NO and other neurotransmitters.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2017

성염색체에 위치하는 5 개의 초위성체 마커(INRA30, TGLA325, UMN0803, UMN0905, UMN0929) 를 이용하여 재래소 3품종과 외래소 7품종(칡소, 한우, 제주흑우, 홀스타인, 일본화우, 샤롤레, 앵거스, 헤어포드, 시멘탈, 한우X 샤롤레 교잡종)의 유전적 특징을 확인하였다. 상업적으로 판매되는 소고기의 잘못된 원산지 표기를 통해 부당한 경제적 이득을 취하고자 하는 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 소고기 샘플을 빠르고 저비용으로 확인 하기 위한 방법으로 사용하기 위해 좌위 또는 품종 특이적 대립유전자를 탐색하고 좌위별 대립유전자수, 대립유전자빈도, 이형접합도 그리고 다형정보량(PIC)을 구하여 이들 10품종의 유전적 다양성을 평가하였다. STRUCTURE 분석을 통한 군락의 분류 및 유전적 균일성 분석에서 재래소 품종과 외래소 품종으로 두개의 주요 그룹으로 나뉘어진다. 이러한 결과들은 재래소와 외래소 품종의 특이적인 유전적 차이를 나타낸다. 또한 Nei's 표준 유전적 거리로 나타난 neighbor-joining tree에서도 독립적인 계통유전학적인 위치를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 국내 재래종과 외래품종 사이의 유전적 거리, 품종의 역사 및 그들의 지리적 기원 사이에 명백한 차이를 나타내는 증거로 사료된다. 이러한 결과들로 이들 성염색체의 초위성체 마커들에 의해 소 품종들의 유전적 다양성과 연관성은 과학적인 기초자료로 활용되고 재래소와 외래품종 소고기를 구별할 수 있는 DNA 마커들로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러므로 이러한 마커들은 효율적인 이력추적 시스템을 만드는데 사용되어 원산지 표시 위반을 억제하는데 유용할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 민간경비원의 셀프리더십과 임파워먼트 및 조직혁신행동의 관계를 규명하는데 있다. 이 연구는 2011년 서울소재 민간경비회사에서 재직하고 있는 민간경비원들을 모집단으로 설정한 후 유의표집법을 이용하여 최종분석에 이용된 사례 수는 총 293명이다. 분석방법은 SPSSWIN 18.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 다중회귀분석, 경로분석 등을 실시하였다. 설문지의 신뢰도는 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$값이 .831이상으로 나타났다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 민간경비원의 셀프리더십은 임파워먼트에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 행위 중심 전략, 자연적 보상 전략이 잘 이루어질수록 영향력과 의미성은 증대된다. 또한 건설적 사고 전략, 자연적 보상 전략이 잘 이루어질수록 역량/자기결정력은 증대된다. 둘째, 민간경비원의 셀프리더십은 조직혁신행동에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 행위 중심 전략이 잘 이루어질수록 혁신행동은 증대된다. 또한, 건설적 사고 전략, 행위 중심 전략, 자연적 보상 전략이 잘 이루어질수록 조직의 혁신성과는 증대된다. 셋째, 민간경비원의 임파워먼트는 조직혁신행동에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 영향력, 의미성이 증대될 경우 혁신행동, 혁신성과는 높다. 넷째, 민간경비원의 셀프리더십은 임파워먼트 및 조직혁신행동에 직간접적인 영향을 미친다. 즉, 임파워먼트는 셀프리더십과 조직혁신행동을 매개하는 중요한 변수이다.