• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.278-287
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to research how a teaching personality and ethics in teaching affect the competence of students majoring in early childhood education. Questionnaires were distributed to 211 early childhood education students residing in I-city. For this study, frequency analysis, averages, and standard deviation were calculated by using SPSS 22.0, with Cronbach's alpha for the reliability test. To determine the relevance of each variable, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were done, with results as follows. First, the teaching personalities perceived most by the students were morality and educational principles. Ethics for infants and ethics for households were most perceived in the ethics of teaching; for competency, understanding of the curriculum, understanding infant protection, and learning support were perceived the most. Second, there is a statistically significant correlation among a teacher's personality, ethics, and competence. Third, the sub-factors of both personality and ethics have a positive effect on competence. The above results indicate that there should be multilateral research into students majoring in early childhood education to ensure they have correct and positive competency so they can provide high-quality early childhood education services, recognizing the importance of competence.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2021

Recently, the frequency of torrential rain is increasing due to climate change, which causes a large amount of debris flows. The purpose of this study was to understand the flow characteristics of debris flow according to the change in channel slope and volumetric sediment concentration and to analyze the effects of a berm on the flow characteristics of debris flow. The flow characteristics of debris flow, such as flow velocity, flow depth, Froude number, and flow resistance coefficients, were calculated using laboratory tests. The effect of a berm was analyzed by comparing the experimental results of a linear channel with those of a one-stepped channel. The results showed that the channel slope affected the flow velocity and flow depth, and the volumetric sediment concentration affected the flow velocity and flow depth, Froude number, and flow resistance coefficient. Moreover, as a berm was installed, the flow velocity and flow depth decreased by up to 26.1% and 71.2%, respectively. This means that installing a berm reduces the flow velocity, thereby reducing the mobility and kinetic energy. These results provide useful information to understand better the flow characteristics of debris flow and the effectiveness of a berm.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 2020

Background and objective: Agro-healing is crucial with urban farming in the domestic. It is beyond the conventional agriculture. This study was carried out to assess the 2010s researches on domestic agro-healing and predict the future direction of agro-healing development. Methods: Among the articles published from 2010 to 2018, we collected some articles by searching keywords including agro-healing, garden activity, gardening, horticultural activity, horticultural program, horticultural therapy, plant effect, plant environment, plant growing program, plant impact, social gardening, urban agriculture and vegetable garden activity, selected 83 articles that were evaluated in advance, and analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA with SPSS 20.0. Results: Agro-healing journal articles were published the most in 2010, and have declined since then. In the classification according to the academic society, most of the journal articles were published by the Society for People, Plants, and Environment. The main targets of domestic agro-healing related to activities and programs were preschoolers, children and adolescents, accounting for 52.4% of the total. By the characteristics of the subjects, agro-healing programs and studies were conducted with special participants who needed special care compared to the general participants. The dependent variables were classified into six areas according to their attributes and the share of psychological and emotional areas was highest (42.6%) among them. In terms of the composition of the program, the share of those with 9-12 sessions was highest (36.7%) and the share of those with more than 20 participants was also highest (39.8%). Conclusion: It is recommended to operate agro-healing programs or industries focusing on the socially disadvantaged including those who have special needs or the underprivileged, but in order to create income for farms and expand the demand for agro-healing, it will be necessary to spread the perception that anyone without any physical or emotional issue can be the targets of and experience agro-healing. To meet the different needs of targets of agro-healing, it will be necessary to conduct objective and practical studies on broader areas and in the process the healing functions of agriculture and the strength of agro-healing needs to be further highlighted.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.381-390
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• 2020

This purpose of study was to influence of fitness club leader's emotional labor on job involvement and occupation performance. This study aims at providing fundamental data and information on fitness club leader's emotional labor. The survey was done through 250 copies and excluding 23 copies ran an analysis on the remaining 227(90.8%) copies. After question investigating the data which is collected used IBM SPSS statistics 21 and IBM AMOS 21 program, frequency analysis, Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, discriminant validity, Cronbach's α, correlation analysis, path analysis through Structural Equation Model(SEM). The result of this study were as follows. First, fitness club leader's emotional labor showed (-) effects on job involvement. Second, fitness club leader's emotional labor showed (-) effect on occupation performance. Third, job involvement showed (+) effects on occupation performance. Fitness instructors have severe emotional labor. Therefore fitness instructors manage their emotional labor. This can increase job commitment and job performance. For teeth manager need to increase support options from fitness instructors.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.95-106
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• 2020

The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of professional volleyball teams' integrated marketing communication(IMC) activities. The subjects of this study were a total of 400 surveys of visitors who visited the stadium to watch mans professional volleyball games from 2019 to 2020, and 385 questionnaires except for invalid or error questionnaires were used for research purposes. For factor analysis and reliability testing, IBM SPSS Statistics Ver 21.0 was used. Frequency analysis was conducted to examine the general characteristics. To verify differences between groups according to demographic and general characteristics, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed, and correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between variables. In addition, regression analysis was conducted to verify the influence between variables. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was no difference in club image, club reputation, and club loyalty by gender. Second, there was no difference in club image, club reputation, and club loyalty according to age. Third, there was no difference in the club image, club reputation, or club loyalty according to the viewing experience. Fourth, professional volleyball team IMC activities were found to affect the club image. Fifth, professional volleyball team IMC activities were found to have an impact on the club's reputation. Sixth, it was shown that professional volleyball team IMC activities have an effect on club loyalty. Eighth, the club image was found to affect the club loyalty. Finally, it was found that the club reputation influenced the club loyalty.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2022

Background: Intraosseous anesthesia is the process by which an anesthetic solution, after penetration of the cortical bone, is directly injected into the spongiosa of the alveolar bone supporting the tooth. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the traditional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and computerized intraosseous anesthesia in the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars, compare their side effects systemically by monitoring heart rate, and assess patients' a posteriori preference of one technique over the other. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with bilaterally impacted third molars participated in this study. Each patient in the sample was both a case and control, where the conventional technique was randomly assigned to one side (group 1) and the alternative method to the contralateral side (group 2). Results: The traditional technique was faster in execution than anesthesia delivered via electronic syringe, which took 3 min to be administered. However, it was necessary to wait for an average of 6 ± 4 min from the execution to achieve the onset of IANB, while the latency of intraosseous anesthesia was zero. Vincent's sign and lingual nerve anesthesia occurred in 100% of cases in group 1. In group 2, Vincent's sign was recorded in 13% of cases and lingual anesthesia in four cases. The average duration of the perceived anesthetic effect was 192 ± 68 min in group 1 and 127 ± 75 min in group 2 (P < 0.001). The difference between the heart rate of group 1 and group 2 was statistically significant. During infiltration in group 1, heartbeat frequency increased by 5 ± 13 beats per minute, while in group 2, it increased by 22 ± 10 beats per minute (P < 0.001). No postoperative complications were reported for either technique. Patients showed a preference of 67% for the alternative technique and 20% for the traditional, and 13% of patients were indifferent. Conclusion: The results identified intraosseous anesthesia as a valid alternative to conventional anesthesia in impacted lower third molar extraction.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the immunopotentiating activity of combine extract that Silkworm and Cinnamomum cassia. Recently, acute epidemic diseases such as cold and viral respiratory diseases have been emerging. So, interested in immunity enhancement has been increasing, and research on natural products to promote immunity activity has been actively conducted. Methods : To confirm the immunopotentiating activity effect, Silkworm (SW), Cinnamomum cassia (CC), and SWCC combined extracts were treated 14 days at 300 mg/kg/day. The changes of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in serum were analyzed after experiment. The changes in the total spleen cell number were measured. Immune cells in spleen were analyzed using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). also, analyzed the expression of cytokines in spleen. Results : Total number of cells in the spleen and FACS analysis of T lymphocytes activated in the spleen showed that the SWCC combined treated group had much higher frequency of active cells than both single groups. The ratio of CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD25+ T cells in spleen, SWCC is higher than other groups except Nor in CD4+, CD4+CD69+, CD4+CD25+ T cells. The results of this study suggest that SWCC can help immune function via IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$ cytokine production, increased T lymphocytes and splenocyte proliferation. Conclusion : Therefore, these results suggested that the SWCC combined extracts administration increase stronger immunity enhancement than when SW and CC adminstration.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.1091-1104
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• 2022

Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of rainfall worldwide, and the pattern is changing due to inundation damage in urban areas due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Accordingly, the impact assessment of climate change is mentioned as a very important factor in urban planning, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is emphasizing the need for an impact forecast that considers the social and economic impacts that may arise from meteorological phenomena. In particular, in terms of traffic, the degradation of transport systems due to urban flooding is the most detrimental factor to society and is estimated to be around £100k per hour per major road affected. However, in the case of Korea, even if accurate forecasts and special warnings on the occurrence of meteorological disasters are currently provided, the effects are not properly conveyed. Therefore, in this study, high-resolution analysis and hydrological factors of each area are reflected in order to suggest the depth of flooding of urban floods and to cope with the damage that may affect vehicles, and the degree of flooding caused by rainfall and its effect on vehicle operation are investigated. decided it was necessary. Therefore, the calculation formula of rainfall-immersion depth-vehicle speed is presented using various machine learning techniques rather than simple linear regression. In addition, by applying the climate change scenario to the rainfall-inundation depth-vehicle speed calculation formula, it predicts the flooding of urban rivers during heavy rain, and evaluates possible traffic network disturbances due to road inundation considering the impact of future climate change. We want to develop technology for use in traffic flow planning.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.665-679
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• 2022

Objective : Patients with mild ischemic stroke experience various sequela and residual symptoms, such as anxious behavior and deficits in movement. Few approaches have been proved to be effective and safe therapeutic approaches for patients with mild ischemic stroke by acute stroke. Sildenafil (SIL), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i), is a known remedy for neurodegenerative disorders and vascular dementia through its angiogenesis and neurogenesis effects. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of PDE5i in the emotional and behavioral abnormalities in rats with mild ischemic stroke. Methods : We divided the rats into four groups as follows (n=20, respectively) : group 1, naïve; group 2, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo30); group 3, MCAo30+SIL-pre; and group 4, MCAo30+SIL-post. In the case of drug administration groups, single dose of PDE5i (sildenafil citrate, 20 mg/kg) was given at 30-minute before and after reperfusion of MCAo in rats. After surgery, we investigated and confirmed the therapeutic effect of sildenafil on histology, immunofluorescence, behavioral assays and neural oscillations. Results : Sildenafil alleviated a neuronal loss and reduced the infarction volume. And results of behavior task and immunofluorescence shown possibility that anti-inflammation process and improve motor deficits sildenafil treatment after mild ischemic stroke. Furthermore, sildenafil treatment attenuated the alteration of theta-frequency rhythm in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, a known neural oscillatory marker for anxiety disorder in rodents, induced by mild ischemic stroke. Conclusion : PDE5i as effective therapeutic agents for anxiety and movement disorders and provide robust preclinical evidence to support the development and use of PDE5i for the treatment of mild ischemic stroke residual disorders.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2022

The effect of introducing oxygen functional groups by oxygen plasma treatment of activated carbon on adsorption properties of cesium ions was investigated. During the oxygen plasma treatment, the frequency, power, and oxygen gas flow rates were fixed at 100 kHz, 80 W, and 60 sccm, respectively, while the reaction time was varied. Under the experimental conditions, the amount of cesium ion adsorption increased as the content of oxygen groups on C-O-C and O=C-O bonds increased when the reaction time with oxygen gas was 10 minutes. However, when the reaction time increased to 15 minutes, the oxygen functional group content decreased resulting in the decrease of the adsorbed cesium ion amount. On the other hand, unlike the oxygen content of the surface-treated activated carbon, the specific surface area and pore properties were hardly affected by the oxygen plasma reaction time. As a result, the oxygen plasma-treated activated carbon improved the cesium ion removal rate by up to 97.3% compared to that of the untreated activated carbon. This is considered to be due to the content of oxygen groups on C-O-C and O=C-O bonds introduced on the surface of the activated carbon through oxygen plasma treatment.