• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Daegangwhal-Tang (DGHT) hot aqueous extract on production of inflammatory mediators and antioxidants in RAW 264.7 macrophage. Methods: DGHT was extracted with water, filtered, concentrated and freeze-dried to perform. Cytotoxicity of DGHT extract was performed by MTT assay. Activated macrophages were treated with varying concentrations of DGHT extract (10, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$), and nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$) concentrations were measured to detect anti-oxidative effects. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha($TNF-{\alpha}$) concentrations were also measured to detect inflammatory responses to DGHT Results: Cytotoxicity of DGHT extract at concentrations of 10, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ were not observed. NO production was significantly decreased in the DGHT hot aqueous extract $200{\mu}g/mL$ concentration group. $PGE_2$, IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was significantly decreased in the DGHT hot aqueous extract 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ concentration groups. DGHT hot aqueous extract appeared to have DPPH free radical scavenging capability at all of concentrations, but did not exceed 50%. Conclusion: These results suggest that DGHT hot aqueous extract has concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.168-177
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• 1998

It has been reported that cigarette smoking increases free radical generation, which can also increase lipid peroxides and deplete antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking and other lifestyle choices may affect serum lipid peroxide concentrations, serum antioxidant concentrations such as tocopherol and vitamin C, and serum antioxidant enzyme activity such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Dietary intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall and survey questionnaires from 48 male non-smokers and 52 male smokers. Overnight fasting blood was collected and measured for individual antioxidant status. The daily vitamin C intakes of smokers tended to be lower than those of non-smokers, and the intakes of both groups were under the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). Vitamin E intake was sufficient for smokers and non-smokers. Serum lipid peroxide concentrations were no difference among all subjects. The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations of all subjects were in a normal range, and they were highest in mild smokers (p<0.05). Mean serum vitamin C levels were lowest in heavy smokers (p<0.05). The activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were not significantly different in smokes and non-smokers. In conclusion, smoking did not increase oxidative stress in heathy young men. However, it is desirable for heavy smokers to consume more vitamin C than the RDA sine their serum vitamin C concentrations are relatively low.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.897-902
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• 2012

산사추출물의 DPPH free radical 소거법에 의한 항산화활성은 ethyl acetate 분획($RC_{50}=4.39{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), butanol 분획($RC_{50}=6.25{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)에서 강한 항산화 활성을 보였으며, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol이나 BHA보다 유사하거나 강한 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. Linoleic acid에 대한 항지질과산화 활성 실험은 15일 째에 물층을 제외한 추출물, 분획물에서 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 박테리아에 대한 항균실험은 Staphylococcus aureus에서만 활성을 보이지 않았을 뿐 다른 피검균에서는 높은 활성을 보였다. 다만 fungi strain인 Candida albicands에 대해 각각 250 및 $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 생육 억제 농도를 나타내었다. 항보체 활성화능을 측정한 결과, 물 층 18.4%를 제외한 다른 분획물은 10% 이하의낮은 억제효과를 보이거나 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 산사 추출물은 항산화 활성, 항지질과산화 활성, 항미생물 활성이 우수하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 산사 추출물을 이용하여 식품 및 음료 등과 같은 기능성 식품으로서의 다양한 산업적 응용분야에 널리 응용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.79-100
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• 2010

Objective: Production of ROS from glucose toxicity results in injury of pancreatic $\beta$-cells in diabetes models. This study was undertaken to examine the influence of Lespedeza Cuneata extract (LCE) on cytoprotective effects on glucose toxicity, insulin secretion and gene expression in RIN-m5F cells. Methods: First, we measured LCE's antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical-scavenging activity and SOD activity. After the various concentrations of LCE were added to the RIN-m5F cells, we measured cell viability with glucose stimulation by MTT assay and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We analyzed gene expression with Agilent whole mouse genome 44K oligo DNA microarray and searched for related pathways in KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Lastly we measured INS-1, INS-2, INS-R, IRS-1, IRS-2, IRS-3, GLP-1R, and GLP-2R mRNA expression by real time RT-PCR. Results: Free radical-scavenging activity, SOD activity and insulin secretion increased dependent on LCE concentration, but LCE did not show considerable cytoprotective effect on RIN-m5F cells. More than twice expressed gene was 6362 in Oligo DNA chip. In KEGG, the most related pathway was the metabolic pathway. In the insulin signaling pathway, up expressed genes were Irs1, Mapk8, Akt1, and Lipe and down expressed genes were Rhoq, Fbp2, Prkar2b, Gck, and Prkag1. In real time RT-PCR, IRS-2, and IRS-3 expression increased significantly compared to the control group on LCE $12{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration and GCK expression decreased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusions: These results show that LCE encourages insulin secretion and insulin metabolism by complicated gene mechanisms. Further mechanism study and clinical study seem to be necessary about Lespedeza Cuneata.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2009

괴화추출물은 DPPH free radical 소거법에 의한 항산화 활성 실험에서는 ethyl acetate 분획($RC_{50}=3.13{\mu}g/mL$), butanol 분획($RC_{50}=6.25{\mu}g/mL$)에서 강한 항산화 활성을 보였으며, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol이나 BHA보다 유사하거나 강한 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. Linoleic acid에 대한 항지질과산화 활성 실험은 15일째에 물층을 제외한 추출물, 분획물에서 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 박테리아에 대한 항균실험은 Staphylococcus aureus에서만 활성을 보이지 않았을 뿐 다른 피검균에서는 높은 활성을 보였다. 다만, fungi strain인 Candida albicands에 대해 각각 $250{\mu}g/mL$, $500{\mu}g/mL$의 생육 억제 농도를 나타내었다. 항보체 활성화능을 측정한 결과 물층 21%를 제외한 다른 분획물은 10% 이하의 낮은 억제효과를 보이거나 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 괴화 추출물은 항산화 활성, 항지질과산화 활성, 항미생물 활성이 우수하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 괴화 추출물을 이용하여 식품 및 음료 등과 같은 기능성식품으로서의 다양한 산업적 응용분야에 널리 응용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2009

Objectives : We investigated the anti-aging effects on skin with 9 Repetitive steaming and fermenting herbal composition extract (FHE). Methods : Herbal composition is comprised of Panax Ginseng, Rehmannia glutinosa, Polygonum multiflorum and Polygonatum Sibiricum. They steamed and fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus brevis by turns at 9 times. We measured various effects related to skin aging such as scavenging activity against free radical, cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and toxicity of 9 repetitive steaming and fermenting herbal composition extract were evaluated and compared with herbal composition extract (HE). Results : As the number of steaming and fermenting cycle increased free-radical scavenging activity were increased. But cell proliferating ratio was not increased when the number of steaming and fermenting cycle. The FHE could significantly increase the collagen synthetic ratio compared with HE treated group. And, FHE was showed no toxicity at all tested concentrations. Conclusions : The results of our study propose that FHE has good anti-aging effects on skin.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.904-909
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• 2009

The beneficial effects derived from consuming natural antioxidants may not depend on the action of an individual antioxidant, but rather on the concerted action of several antioxidants naturally present. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations and combinations of antioxidants that can produce synergistic effects (SyEs). Quantification of the lipoperoxyl radical scavenging capacity of antioxidants was carried out in a homogeneous model system where the free radicals were produced by the oxidation of methyl linoleate, initiated by the 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile). The greatest SyE (2.21, p<0.05) was seen in mixtures of all 4 antioxidants when used with concentrations of 15 ${\mu}M$ lycopene, 2.5 ${\mu}M$ vitamin E, 0.16 ${\mu}M$ vitamin C, and 10 ${\mu}M$ ${\beta}-carotene$. Doubling the vitamin E concentration from 2.5 to 5.0 ${\mu}M$ in the mixture with all 4 antioxidant reduced the SyE to 1.69 (p<0.05). Other combinations produced synergistic effects that ranged from 1.28 to 1.41.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2003

The Vitamin E (VE) effect was examined on oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and protein in mice that were fed various levels of lipid diets after total body irradiation (TBI) with X-rays at 2 Gy. No increase of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) by TBI was observed in the +VE group; however, in the case of the -VE group, a significantly higher 8OHdG level was observed in the high-lipid group than in the low- or basal-lipid group. In the groups with TBI, the concentration of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) only significantly increased in the high-lipid (-VE) group. These changes in TBARS, due to TBI, were not detected in other groups. The contents of protein carbonyls only increased in the (-VE) group. The contents of protein carbonyls was significantly different between the (+VE) and the (-VE) groups, regardless of the lipid levels. The concentrations of GSH, vitamins C and E in the liver were lower, and the concentration of non-heme iron in the liver was higher in the high-lipid group than in the low- and basal-lipid groups. These concentrations in the high-lipid group were significantly different between the (+VE) and the (-VE) groups. These results strongly suggest that mice that are fed a high-lipid diet are susceptible to TBI-induced oxidative damage. Also, decreases in the GSH levels and an increase in the iron level are involved in the mechanism of this susceptibility.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of antioxidative activity and nitrite scavenging ability of each fractions from Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z. (P. bambusoides) trunk ethanolic extract using reverse-phase flash chromatography. Among the each fractions, fraction 3 $(H_2O\;:\;MeOH\;=\;1:1)$ showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity (81.33%) at $80\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentrations and strongly inhibited autooxidation of pyrogallol by superoxide dismutase-like activity (45.8 %) at 0.46 mg/mL concentrations compared with different fractions. The fraction 3 was also increased to 76.62% cell viability against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity. Nitrite scavenging ability was the most remarkable under pH 1.2 condition among various pH regions examined and effectively exhibited to 65.6% by treatment of the fraction 3 with a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. In general, nitrite scavenging ability decreased with higher pH condition. These results suggest that fraction 3 from P. bambusoides ethanolic extract can be used for bioacitve and functional materials.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.733-740
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the functional and quality characteristics of rice cookies with added Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz. powder. Rice cookies were prepared with different amounts (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% to the flour quantity) of Ligularia fischeri powder. The antioxidant activities of Ligularia fischeri powder, specifically the total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power were found to be 212.19 mg GAE/g, $11.78{\mu}g/mL$11.78 ($IC_{50}$), and 2.33 (O.D.), respectively. The antioxidant activities of the rice cookies with added Ligularia fischeri powder increased with increasing concentrations of Ligularia fischeri powder. Regarding the hunter's color value of rice cookies with added Ligularia fischeri powder, L (lightness) and a (redness) values decreased (p<0.001) with increasing concentrations of Ligularia fischeri powder, whereas b (yellowness) values increased (p<0.01). The consumer acceptability score for the 3% Ligularia fischeri rice cookie groups ranked significantly (p<0.001) higher than the other groups in color, flavor, taste, texture and overall preference. These results suggest that Ligularia fischeri powder will be useful as a functional food resource with antioxidant activities.