• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1467-1474
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• 2006

Fish-frames, which are left after obtaining fillets or muscle during fish processing, consists of useful food components, such as muscle, collagen, calcium, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study was carried out to prepare snack using conger eel frame (SF) for human consumption and also to elucidate food component characterization of the snack. The results of volatile basic nitrogen suggested that conger eel frame was a suitable material for preparing snack. Based on the results of sensory evaluation and costs, starch syrup was an optimal sweetener for preparing snack using conger eel frame. The starch syrup-treated SF appeared safe because the moisture content and peroxide value were below the safety limits described in the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Starch syrup-treated SF was similar in the pattern of fatty acid composition to soybean oil, whereas EPA and DHA were detected in SF. The total content of amino acid in starch syrup-treated SF was 23.9% based on 100 g of raw material. The maj or amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. The total contents of calcium and phosphorus in starch syrup-treated SF were 4.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The Ca/P of starch syrup-treated SF was 1.9, which is a good ratio for absorption of calcium. The SF made with starch syrup was superior in EPA and DHA compositions, total amino acid, calcium and phosphorus contents to commercial snack using eel frame.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.41-42
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.797-804
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• 2012

Magnesium has a long tradition of use as a lightweight material in the field of automotive industry. This paper presents the design optimization process of Mg armrest frame to minimize its weight by replacing the steel frame. formerly, the analysis of steel armrest frame was peformed to determine the design specifications for Mg armrest frame. The initial design of Mg armrest frame was carried out by topological optimization technique. After six types of design variables and four types of response variables were defined, DOE(Design of Experiment) and RSM (Response Surface Method) were applied in order to measure sensitivity of design variables and realize optimization through regression model. After design optimization, the weight of the optimized Mg armrest frame was reduced by about 3% compared to the initial design of the Mg frame and was decreased by 41.7% in comparison with that of the steel frame. Some prototypical armrest frames were also made by die casting process and tested. The results were satisfying for its design specifications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

This paper presents the development process for a bicycle monocoque frame using bolt fastening. Traditionally, bicycle frames have been constructed with metal tubes joined at their ends by welding. These frames have been brazed or soldered onto metal lugs, forming the frame. Because stress loads become greatest at the joint of the bicycle tube frame, joint construction strongly influences frame design and construction. To avoid the inherent problems of material discontinuity at frame joints, numerous designers have attempted to reduce or eliminate the number of joints in tube frames. Nevertheless, the manufacture of high quality, reliable, one-piece and jointless frames has proven difficult and expensive. In this study, a new monocoque frame adapted to a hybrid bike is proposed. The advantage of the monocoque frame, is theat is has a rechargeable battery system that is built into the frame; as a result, the emotional quality for the customer is improved. In order to estimate the design compatibility compared with that of tube frames, structural analysis is performed using finite element method. A prototype based on a modified design has also been made and stability testing has been carried out.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1099-1107
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• 2013

This study proposes a weight reduction design for urban transit, specifically, a Korean EMU carbody made of aluminum extrusion profiles, according to size optimization and useful material changes. First, the thickness of the under-frame, side-panels, and end-panels were optimized by the size optimization process, and then, the weight of the Korean EMU carbody could be reduced to approximately 14.8%. Second, the under-frame of the optimized carbody was substituted with a frame-type structure made of SMA 570, and then, the weight of the hybrid-type carbody was 3.8% lighter than that of the initial K-EMU. Finally, the under-frame and the roof-panel were substituted with a composite material sandwich to obtain an ultralight hybrid-type carbody. The weight of the ultralight hybrid-type carbody was 30% lighter than that of the initial K-EMU. All the resulting carbody models satisfied the design regulations of the domestic Performance Test Standard for Electrical Multiple Unit.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

The hydroforming technology has been spreaded dramatically in automotive industry last 10 years. Itmay cause many advantages to automotive applications in terms of better structural integrity of the parts, lower cost from fewer part count, material saving, weight reduction, lower springback, improved strength and durability and design flexibility. In this study, the whole process of rear sub-frame parts development by tube hydroforming using steel material having tensile strength of 440MPa grade is presented. At the part design stage, it requires feasibility study and process design aided by CAE (Computer Aided Design) to confirm hydroformability in details. Effects of parameters such as internal pressure, axial feeding and geometry shape in automotive rear sub-frame by hydroforming process were carefully investigated. Overall possibility of hydroformable sub-frame parts could be examined by cross sectional analyses. Moreover, it is essential to ensure the formability of tube material on every forming step such as pre-bending, preforming and hydroforming. In addition, all the components of prototyping tool are designed and interference with press is examined from the point of geometry and thinning.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.67-88
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• 2014

It is shown that topology optimization is a valuable tool for the design of bridge girders. This paper is a follow-up to (Kuty${\l}$owski and Rasiak 2014) and it includes an analysis of truss members' outer dimensions dictated by the standards. Moreover, a frame bridge girder mapped from a selected topology is compared with a typical frame girder on the basis of (Kuty${\l}$owski and Rasiak 2014). The analysis shows that topology optimization by means of the proposed algorithm yields a topology from which one can map a frame bridge girder requiring less material for its construction than the typical frame girder currently used in bridge construction.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.541-548
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• 2006

This study presents a structural cost optimization method for building frame system using high-strength steel members. In, this optimization method, the material cost of steel member is involved in objective function to find the optimal cost of building frame systems. Genetic Algorithm is adopted to optimizer to find structural cost optimization. The proposed adapted to structural design of 3.5 stories example buildings with buildings frame systems. As a result, The proposed optimization method can be effectively adapted to cost optimization of building frame systems using high-strength steel members.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1523-1526
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• 2007

This study introduces the testing results of the carbody. The load test was performed to evaluate the structural characteristic and stability of the stainless carbody. The carbody is made of stainless steel. The body structure consisted of side frame, under frame, roof frame, and end frame. Of these components, the side frame and under frame were the most important components considering the vehicle and passenger loads. Loading test were performed under the condition based on "Performance Test Standard for Electrical Multiple Unit". The test results showed that the body structure is safe and stable under the condition of designed load.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.330-337
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• 1998

Bogie is mainly consisted of the bogie frame, suspensions, wheels and axles, braking system, and transmission system. The complex shapes of the bogie frame and the multiaxial loading condition induced in real operation make it difficult to design the bogie frame against the fatigue. In this study, multiaxial fatigue criteria were reviewed. Stress analysis of the bogie frame has been performed for the various loading conditions according to the UIC Code 615-4. Magnitudes of the stress amplitude and mean stress were estimated based on the stress analysis results to simulate the operating loads encountered in service. Fatigue strength of the bogie frame was evaluated by using the constant life diagram of the material. 3-D surface model ling, finite element meshing, and finite element analysis were performed by Pro-Engineer, MSC/PATRAN, and MSC/NASTRAN, respectively.