• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

On the Inherent (non-) Negativity of Negative Sensitive Items. This paper explores the idea that Korean Negative Sensitive Items, which are better viewed as Negative Concord Items (NCIs) (Kim 2001, 2006, Watanabe 2004), should not be construed as inherently negative in spite of the fact that NCIs are able to appear as an elided form without the presence of a negative licenser. Among several diagnostics, which are designed to draw syntactic and semantic distinctions between traditional Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) and NCIs employed in previous studies, the ability of an NCI to appear as a fragment answer raises the question of whether the negativity of NCIs is inherent or not. Contrary to Kim (2001, 2006) and Watanabe (2004), who are in favor of the inherent negativity of NCIs, I claim that non-negative Korean NCIs still need contentful negation to be licensed, and therefore their ability to appear as a fragment answer should be considered as a matter of ellipsis, in support of Giannakidou (2000, 2006). The main argument will be strengthened by the fact that Korean NCIs do not express negative meaning themselves, and that double negation readings are not allowed no matter how many NCIs occur simultaneously.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.2047-2069
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• 2015

The coset diagrams are composed of fragments, and the fragments are further composed of circuits at a certain common point. A condition for the existence of a certain fragment ${\gamma}$ of a coset diagram in a coset diagram is a polynomial f in ${\mathbb{Z}}$[z]. In this paper, we answer the question: how many polynomials are obtained from the fragments, evolved by joining the circuits (n, n) and (m, m), where n < m, at all points.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2005

In order to compare bacteria] community structure and diversity in activated sludges, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of PCR-amplified 16s rDNAs was analyzed for 31 domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). Regardless of the characteristics of the wastewaters, the bacteria] community structures of activated sludges appeared diverse and complex. In particular, activated sludges in domestic WTPs contained higher bacterial diversity than those in industrial WTPs. It was also found that terminal restriction fragment (T-RF) profiles derived from domestic WTPs were very similar with each other, although activated sludges were collected from different plants at different locations. Interestingly, activated sludges of a WTP where restaurant and toilet sewages of a company were managed showed a bacterial community structure similar to that of domestic WTPs. Activated sludges in leather industria] WTPs also showed a high similarity. However, other wastewaters possessed different bacterial communities, so that overall similarity was as low as about $30\%$. Since activated sludges from WTPs for domestic wastewaters and a company sewage appeared to hold similar bacterial communities, it was necessary to confirm if similar wastewaters induce a similar bacterial community. To answer this question, analysis of T-RFs for activated sludges, taken from another 12 domestic WTPs, was conducted by using a 6­FAM$^{TM}$-Iabeled primer and an automated DNA sequencer for higher sensitivity. Among 12 samples, it was again found that T-RF profiles of activated sludges from Yongin, Sungnam, Suwon, and Tancheon domestic WTPs in Kyonggi-do were very similar with each other. On the other hand, T-RF profiles of activated sludges from Shihwa and Ansan WTPs were quite different from each other. It was thought that this deviation was caused by wastewaters, since Ansan and Shihwa WTPs receive both domestic and industrial wastewaters. From these results, it was tentatively concluded that similar bacterial communities might be developed in activated sludges, if WTPs treat similar wastewaters.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.327-354
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• 2016

랭보의 산문시집 "일뤼미나시용"의 "야만"은 형식이나 주제, 비유 등이 난해한 시로 유명하다. 본고는 작품의 난해성을 연구하기 위해 먼저 문법적 구조를 분석하였고, 그런 다음 시의 의미를 살펴보기 위해 저자의 다른 작품과 비교하는 자기텍스트성을 분석하였다. 자기텍스트성은 스티브 머피가 제시한 랭보 산문시 해석의 방법론으로서 저자의 작품과 맺는 내적 상호텍스트성을 말한다. "야만"의 경우 일반적 상호텍스트성의 연구가 없는 것은 아니지만 시의 의미를 크게 규명하지 못한다고 본다. "야만"의 난해성은 무의미 시의 예로 간주되기도 한다. 하지만 시 구조 분석과 자기텍스트성을 통해 볼 때, "야만"은 무의미가 아니라 의미를 구축하고 있다. 이 시는 일반적 운문시나 산문시와 달리 전체가 명사 구문의 비유로만 이루어져 있다. "야만"은 랭보 고유의 문맥에서 파괴, 화합, 재생의 순수한 힘을 의미한다. "야만"은 보들레르의 "이 세상 끝 어디라도"에 대한 랭보 식 답으로, 북극의 불카누스의 화산에 도달하는 영원한 여성의 목소리로 대변되는 현장이라 할 수 있다. "야만"의 읽기는 "일뤼미나시용"의 난해성을 읽어내는 하나의 방법론이 될 수 있다. 본고에서 우리는 "야만"의 언어적 지표의 분석과 자기텍스트성, 그리고 시가 침묵하고 있는 희열과 고독의 이해가 하나의 접근법이 될 수 있음을 분석하였다. 이러한 접근법을 통해 우리는 "일뤼미나시용"의 파편을 개개의 방식으로 연결하고 조합해서 파편들의 스토리를, 모험을 재구성할 수 있으리라 본다.