• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2018

Predictive demand and collapse fragility functions are two essential components of the probabilistic seismic demand analysis that are commonly developed based on statistics with enormous, costly and time consuming data gathering. Although this approach might be justified for research purposes, it is not appealing for practical applications because of its computational cost. Thus, in this paper, Bayesian regression-based demand and collapse models are proposed to eliminate the need of time-consuming analyses. The demand model developed in the form of linear equation predicts overall maximum inter-story drift of the lowto mid-rise regular steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs), while the collapse model mathematically expressed by lognormal cumulative distribution function provides collapse occurrence probability for a given spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure. Next, as an application, the proposed demand and collapse functions are implemented in a seismic fragility analysis to develop fragility and consequently seismic demand curves of three example buildings. The accuracy provided by utilization of the proposed models, with considering computation reduction, are compared with those directly obtained from Incremental Dynamic analysis, which is a computer-intensive procedure.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2023

This study proposes a methodology for the regional seismic risk assessment of structural damage to buildings in Korea based on evaluating individual buildings, considering inconsistency between the administrative district border and grid lines to define seismic hazard. The accuracy of seismic hazards was enhanced by subdividing the current 2km-sized grids into ones with a smaller size. Considering the enhancement of the Korean seismic design code in 2005, existing seismic fragility functions for seismically designed buildings are revised by modifying the capacity spectrum according to the changes in seismic design load. A seismic risk index in building damage is defined using the total damaged floor area considering building size differences. The proposed seismic risk index was calculated for buildings in 29 administrative districts in 'A' city in Korea to validate the proposed assessment algorithm and risk index. In the validation procedure, sensitivity analysis was performed on the grid size, quantitative building damage measure, and seismic fragility function update.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2016

지진에 대한 사면안정 해석은 지진에 의한 관성력을 정적하중으로 고려하는 유사정적해석을 널리 사용하고 있다. 사면과 같은 지반 구조물은 지반정수의 불확실성이 포함되어 있어 확률론적 해석을 이용하여 지반정수의 불확실성을 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지반의 불확실성을 고려한 확률론적 사면안정해석을 수행하였으며, 구조물이 임의 수준의 지반 운동을 받을 때 파괴상태에 도달하는 확률을 그래프로 나타낸 취약도 곡선을 작성하였다. 유사정적해석으로 확률론적 사면안정해석을 수행하기 위해 Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)을 시행하였다. MCS의 소요 시간을 단축하기 위하여 인공신경망 기반의 응답면 기법을 이용해 파괴확률을 산출하여 수평지진계수별 취약도 곡선을 작성하는 방법을 제시하였다. 인공신경망을 이용하여 작성한 취약도 곡선을 MCS의 결과와 비교해 본 결과 상당한 시간 절약에 비해 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2017

지진파로 인하여 발생되는 지진하중은 발생 특성상 예측이 불가능한 불확실성이 존재한다. 또한 비탈면과 같은 지반구조물에는 지반정수의 불확실성이 존재한다. 따라서 이러한 불확실성들을 확률론적 해석으로 고려할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 깎기비탈면에 대하여 확률론적 해석으로 구조물의 안전성을 평가하는 대표적인 방법인 취약도 곡선을 작성하는 방법을 제시하였다. 지반정수의 불확실성을 고려한 취약도 곡선은 Monte Carlo Simulation 기법을 이용해 유사정적 해석으로 작성하였다. 지진파의 불확실성을 고려한 취약도 곡선은 30개의 실제 발생한 지진파로 시간이력해석을 실시하여 Newmark-Type 변위 해석으로 작성하였으며, 취약도 곡선은 최대 우도 추정법을 이용하여 대수정규분포를 갖는 누적 확률분포 함수로 나타내었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2004

1994년 Northridge 지진 이후 내진보강한 콘크리트 교량의 손상도 곡선을 유도하였고, 이 곡선을 사용하여 교각과 신축이음장치에 설치한 강재 재킷과 구속부재의 내진보강 효과를 고찰하였다. 손상도 곡선을 2변수(중간값과 대수 표준편차) 대수정규분포함수의 형태로 가정하였고, 최대지반가속도의 함수로 나타냈다. 여기서 Maximum likelihood 방법을 사용하여 대수정규분포함수의 2변수를 구하였고, FEMA SAC 프로젝트의 60개 Los Angeles 지진 시간이력을 지진해석에 사용하였다. 교각의 강재 재킷은 교량의 전반적 손상등급에서 내진보강 효과를 나타냈고, 구속부재는 낙교 등 교량의 심한 손상등급에서 효과적이었다. 여기서, 교각은 Dutta & Handel이 제시한 5개 손상등급으로 손상을 정의하였고, 신축이음장치에서는 구속부재의 파괴 및 낙교를 교량의 심각한 손상으로 규정하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권6호
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• pp.751-763
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• 2020

Available records of recent earthquakes show that near-field earthquakes have different characteristics than far-field earthquakes. In general, most of these unique characteristics of near-fault records can be attributed to their forward directivity. This phenomenon causes the records of ground motion normal to the fault to entail pulses with long periods in the velocity time history. The energy of the earthquake is almost accumulated in these pulses causing large displacements and, accordingly, severe damages in the building. Damage to structures caused by past earthquakes raises the need to assess the chance of future earthquake damage. There are a variety of methods to evaluate building seismic vulnerabilities with different computational cost and accuracy. In the meantime, fragility curves, which defines the possibility of structural damage as a function of ground motion characteristics and design parameters, are more common. These curves express the percentage of probability that the structural response will exceed the allowable performance limit at different seismic intensities. This study aims to obtain the fragility curve for low- and mid-rise structures of reinforced concrete moment frames by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). These frames were exposed to an ensemble of 18 ground motions (nine records near-faults and nine records far-faults). Finally, after the analysis, their fragility curves are obtained using the limit states provided by HAZUS-MH 2.1. The result shows the near-fault earthquakes can drastically influence the fragility curves of the 6-story building while it has a minimal impact on those of the 3-story building.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2010

The analysis of the seismic risk of an offshore structure with a control device is presented. First, a probability density function was developed to represent seismic hazard, and seismic fragility under artificial earthquake conditions was determined. Fragility curves for an offshore structure with both passive and active control devices were determined. Displacement criteria were set to evaluate the performance of the structure. Based on numerical analysis, the seismic risk to the structure was considerably reduced when the structure had a seismic control device. The seismic risk to the actively controlled structure was decreased by 80% compared to the uncontrolled case. Reasonable performance evaluations of offshore structure with control devices can be conducted through risk analysis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1181-1212
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• 2016

Fragility and loss functions are developed to predict damage and economic losses due to earthquake loading in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structural components with smooth rebars. The attention is focused on external/internal beam-column joints and ductile/brittle weak columns, designed for gravity loads only, using low-strength concrete and plain steel reinforcing bars. First, a number of damage states are proposed and linked deterministically with commonly employed methods of repair and related activities. Results from previous experimental studies are used to develop empirical relationships between damage states and engineering demand parameters, such as interstory and column drift ratios. Probability distributions are fit to the empirical data and the associated statistical parameters are evaluated using statistical methods. Repair costs for damaged RC components are then estimated based on detailed quantity survey of a number of pre-70 RC buildings, using Italian costing manuals. Finally, loss functions are derived to predict the level of monetary losses to individual RC components as a function of the experienced response demand.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.1491-1497
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• 2007

This paper considers robust and non-fragile guaranteed cost controller design method for descriptor systems with parameter uncertainties and time delay, and static state feedback controller with gain variations. The existence condition of controller, the design method of controller, the upper bound to minimize guaranteed cost function, and the measure of non-fragility in controller are proposed using linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, which can be solved efficiently by convex optimization. Therefore, the presented robust and non-fragile guaranteed cost controller guarantees the asymptotic stability and non-fragility of the closed loop systems in spite of parameter uncertainties, time delay, and controller fragility.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권 5호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2022

The seismic analytic collapse fragility of soil nail wall structures with a shotcrete concrete covering is investigated in this paper. The finite element modeling process has been well described. The fragility function evaluates the link between ground motion intensities and the likelihood of reaching a specific level of damage. The soil nail wall has been subjected to incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) from medium to strong ground vibrations. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the soil nail wall uses a set of 20 earthquake ground motions with varying PGAs. PGD is utilized as an intensity measure, the numerical findings demonstrate that the soil nailing wall reaction is particularly sensitive to earthquake intensity measure (IM).