• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2005

The effects of hull flexibility on shaft alignment are growing as ship sizes are increased mainly for container carrier and LNG carrier. In order to consider hull flexibility on a propulsion shafting system, standardization of ship service conditions is necessary because hull deformation is continuously variable according to ship service conditions. How to summarize ship service conditions is suggested based on practically applicable four viewpoints : hull, engine, loading and sea status. Effects of the external forces acting on a ship propulsion shafting system are generally commented. Several design criteria regulated by classification societies are pointed at issue which seems to have Insufficient technical background. A qualitative verification is carried out to point out the invalidity of the assumption of effective supporting position. In this work, an elastic nonlinear multi-supporting bearing system is introduced as a key concept of the elastic shaft alignment. Hertz contact theory is proved to be more proper one than projected area method in calculation of the nonlinear elastic stiffness of the bearing, The squeezing and oil film pressure calculations in the long journal bearing like an after stern tube bearing are recognized as a necessary process for elastic shaft alignment design.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2017

Our research is aimed at predicting recent trend and leading technology for the future and providing optimal Nano technology trend information by analyzing Nano technology trend. Under recent global market situation, Users' needs and the technology to meet these needs are changing in real time. At this point, Nano technology also needs measures to reduce cost and enhance efficiency in order not to fall behind the times. Therefore, research like trend analysis which uses search data to satisfy both aspects is required. This research consists of four steps. We collect data and select keywords in step 1, detect trends based on frequency and create visualization in step 2, and perform analysis using data mining in step 3. This research can be used to look for changes of trend from three perspectives. This research conducted analysis on changes of trend in terms of major classification, Nano technology of 30's, and key words which consist of relevant Nano technology. Second, it is possible to provide real-time information. Trend analysis using search data can provide information depending on the continuously changing market situation due to the real-time information which search data includes. Third, through comparative analysis it is possible to establish a useful corporate policy and strategy by apprehending the trend of the United States which has relatively advanced Nano technology. Therefore, trend analysis using search data like this research can suggest proper direction of policy which respond to market change in a real time, can be used as reference material, and can help reduce cost.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.85-102
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• 2007

Purpose: Knowledge on pathophysiology is important to understand diseases and patient conditions and also in providing advanced nursing care. This study was performed to investigate the present situation, knowledge, and educational need on pathophyiology of advanced practice nurses(APN). Method: Eighty-four APN, who is practicing in hospitals nationwide, were surveyed with structured questionnaires developed by researchers. The questionnaire were composed of 109 items with 4 point scales with the contents of general characteristics, educational experience on pathophyisology, educational need, and knowledge on major and subcategories of pathophysiology. Result: The 77.1% of APN had experience of taking pathophysiology lecture and the lecturer were mainly medical doctors(39.8%) and APN(32.4%). The 61.5% of APN answered that the knowledge on pathophysiology was helpful and 97.6% of APN thought pathphysiologic education is needed in clinical practice. Seven major categories of pathophysiology showed higher scores were water imbalance, heart diseases, hemodynamic disorders, arterial vessel disorders, electrolyte imbalance, diseases of the digestive system, and diseases of the respiratory systems. Educational needs on the major and subcategories of pathphysiology were different by the field of APN and also by the clinical experiences as APN. APN also responded that there is a necessity to change the present curricular more specific to each practice field and more focus on the clinical practice. Conclusion: It was confirmed that educational and clinical need on the pathophysiology is very high and there is urgent need to change current curricular more specific to the field of APN and also clinical practice. This survey will help to identify and clarify the areas of change and to improve the education for the APN.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.385-397
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• 2017

This study assessed the nutrient intake for Korean adolescents using the estimated usual intake. The usual intake of 1,763 adolescents aged 12-17 years old was estimated from one-day 24-hour recall data in the 2010-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. The nutrient intakes of four groups according to sex (male and female) and age (12-14 and 15-17 years old) were then assessed in reference to the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. For macronutrients, the proportions of subjects below and above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) were calculated. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-point method was used to assess insufficient intakes of protein, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron; the full probability approach was used to assess the insufficient intake for iron among females. The proportions of subjects over the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for vitamin C, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron and the proportions over the Intake Goal for sodium were calculated to assess excessive intake. The proportions of subjects above AMDR for carbohydrates ranged from 22.5% to 38.0% by group. The proportions of subjects by group with insufficient intake for vitamin C, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron ranged 29.1-39.7%, 22.5-34.3%, 73.1-89.3%, 14.3-43.6%, and 23.2-55.5%, respectively. The proportions of subjects by group with excessive intake for sodium ranged from 91.5% to 99.3%. The results of this study represent important basic information to establish nutritional standards for school lunches as well as to decide on relevant nutrition policies for adolescents.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.849-858
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• 2017

With the fast improvement of software and hardware technology of Virtual Reality, VR(Virtual Reality) film get attention for the new possibility of future film. Already, the production of virtual reality film festivals and Hollywood films is highly active, but it is still poorly related to virtual reality films in Korea. Due to this, this research analyze VR film with Realism films and Post-modernism films in four aspects that are film's frame(Mise-en-$Sc{\grave{e}}ne$), shot(montage), vew point and interactivity to deduct characteristics of VR film. Moreover, we also deduct an esthetical characteristic of VR films beyond the Realism films and Post-modern Films through analysing various VR films. This can be said as 'Digital Realism' that is come from the viewers' positive interaction and realization of Realism through Virtual Reality technology. There will be a successful development of VR film based on this research that analyse suitable directing method for Virtual Reality environment. At last, this research focused on characteristics of digital realism aspect for HMD based first person view VR animation .

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.261-280
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• 2009

This study focuses on providing the pedagogical implications of stress in English pronunciation teaching since stress is one the most important characteristic factors in English pronunciation (Bolinger, 1976; Brown, 1994; Celce-Murcia, Brinton & Goodwin, 1996; Kreidler, 1989). The author investigated stress production regarding in terms of duration, pitch, and intensity by a group of native speakers of English and a group of low-proficiency South Kyungsang Korean college students for their pre-test. For both of the pre- and post-test, the same stimuli, which consisted of a one-syllable word, two two-syllable words, three three-syllable words, and three four-syllable words, were used along with the various sentence positions: isolation, initial, medial, and final. Soft ware programs, ALVIN and Praat, were used to record and analyze the data. Since Celce-Murcia et al. (1996), Klatt (1975), and Ladefoged (2001) treat duration of the stressed syllable more significantly than other factors, pitch and intensity, with respect to the listener's point of view, the author developed a special method of teaching English stress using a traditional Korean drum to emphasize duration. In addition, the results from the native speakers' production showed that their main strategy to realize stress was through lengthening stressed syllables. After six weeks of stress instruction using the drum, the production of the native speakers and the SK Korean participants from the pre- and post-test were compared. The results from the post-test indicated that the participants showed great improvement not only in duration but also in pitch after the stress instruction. Pitch improvement was unexpected but well-explained by the statement that long vowels receive accent in loan word adaptation in North Kyungsang Korean. The results also showed that the Korean participants' pitch values became more even in their duration values for each syllable as the structure of the word or the sentence became more complex, due to their dependency upon their L1.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2009

Objectives : The titanium fixation system has been used in orthognathic surgery for fixation of bone segments usually, but the biodegradable fixation system was developed and also being used. The strongest point in the biodegradable system is that no extra operation should be needed to remove fixation materials. In spite of this merit, oral & maxillofacial surgeons hesitate to use this system in fracture or orthognathic surgery. In this study, as we got some clinical experiences, we'd like to report the result of clinical study using the biodegradable fixation system in orthognathic surgery. Patients and Methods : A total of 35 patients composed of 17 males and 18 females with 25 osteotomies in maxilla and 34 osteotomies in mandible were fixated with the biodegradable fixation system(Inion $CPS^{(R)}$). We investigated methods of stabilization, fixation time, and complications on the basis of the method as above. Results : Four 2mm thick L shaped plates with 7 holes of which 1 hole was removed were fixed in maxilla with six $2.0{\times}7mm$ screws. Three $2.5{\times}16{\sim}18mm$ screws were used to fix superior ramus area and one mandibular angle area in mandible. It took about 27.4 minutes in maxilla, 25.3 minutes in mandible to perform the fixation which took longer time than the titanium system(9.5 minutes in maxilla, 8 minutes in mandible). Generally, there was no problem except 9 cases in which there were some complications. Conclusions : In most cases, the biodegradable fixation system can be used without problem in usual orthognathic surgery. But, this system is inferior to the titanium fixation one in some respects such as fixation time, size, and physical property. Some supplementations for such weak points as aforementioned should be needed for the universal use of biodegradable materials.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of the nutritional education program on educational perception, facilities, contents and systems, which were focused on the school obesity education in the elementary school. A five point Likert scale was used to evaluate the importance and performance of each item in four sections of the survey and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA; gap between importance and performance) matrix analysis was applied to determine improvement priority. The findings from IPA matrix analysis are in the following. The items of the sections to be improved intensively are recognition of parents and in-charge teacher, availability of the education place, preparation of consulting room, preparation of various teaching media, interest of an education program, meal adjustment of overweight children, combination with education and exercise, education for psychological factors, development of scientific and systematic education program and reduction of meal service duty for education. Accordingly, the IPA matrix analysis suggested that an intensive improvement area should be excessively concentrated on for better performance. The regional gap between importance and performance showed significant difference for textbook and diet of overweight children in Kyunggi-Do. There were significant differences for the government perception, dietary habits and food-life education, fast-food education, education for breakfast importance, and education of school meal indication system and method to read food nutrition indication in Chollabuk-Do. As for the age gap between importance and performance, the twenties showed significantly bigger gaps in perception of school dietitians and linking between school meals and diet education. Therefore, more proactive efforts for the education for obesity prevention are necessary to prevent childhood obesity in elementary school and to help children to possess better health throughout their entire lives.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.461-471
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• 1989

For the mixed-mode crack problems the direction of crack growth, the crack path and the rational representation of fatigue crack growth rates should be studied to predict fatigue life and safety of structures. In this study, a round specimen which produce nearly identical effects in all loading directions is proposed to make an easy measurement of initial direction of crack growth. The mode I and mode II stress intensity factors of the specimen were calculated using finite element method, in which the square root singular stresses at the crack tip are modeled by means of four rectangular quarter-point eight-noded elements surrounding the crack tip. Experimental results for high strength aluminum alloy showed that the direction of mixed-mode crack growth agree well with maximum principal stress criterion as well as minimum strain energy density criterion, but not with maximum shear stress criterion. From data of fatigue crack growth rates using crack geometry projected on the line perpendicular to the loading direction it is easily established that mixed-mode fatigue crack growth in 5083-H115 aluminum alloy goes predominantly with mode I crack growth behaviors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.2C
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• pp.49-58
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• 2005

For the improvement of coding efficiency, the H.264 standard uses new coding tools. Using these coding tools, H.264 has achieved significant improvements from rate-distortion point of view. The adoption of these tools enables a macroblock in H.264 to have more information, sixteen motion vectors, four reference frames and a macroblock mode. In this paper, we present an efficient temporal error concealment algorithm by using not only motion vectors and reference frames but also macroblock mode of neighbor macroblocks. Our algorithm conceals the macroblock error with variable sizes, $16{\times}16,\;16{\times}8,\;8{\times}16,\;8{\times}8$ depending on the macroblock modes of neighbor macroblocks. Simulation results show that the proposed method increase the objective quality regardless of bit-rate and block error rate.