• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2012

The outer bark of Prunus sargentii was collected, air-dried and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone. Then it was successively partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc soluble fraction, four compounds were isolated by the repeated Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The isolated compounds were determined as (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), taxifolin (3), and neosakuranin (4) by the spectroscopic analysis including $^1H$, $^{13}C$-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectrometers. The antioxidative activities on the isolated compounds and the separated fractions were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The crude, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ soluble fractions indicated good antioxidative potential compared to the $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-hexane soluble fractions.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2008

막걸리의 암 예방효과를 알아보기 위하여 막걸리 농축물을 핵산, 메탄올, 부탄올 및 물로 순차적으로 분획하여 각 분획별로 암세포에 대한 성장 억제효과와 암 예방 지표인 QR활성 증가 효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 메탄올 분획물의 경우 낮은 농도의 시료첨가에도 불구하고 괄목할 만한 높은 암세포 성장 억제효과를 나타내었으며 4종의 모든 암세포주 HepG2, B16-F10, HT29 및 MCF-7에서 농도 의존적인 암세포 성장 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 HepG2에서 측정한 QR활성 증가 효과에 있어서도 메탄올 분획물이 가장 높은 QR활성 증가 효과를 보여 암에 대한 예방효과가 기대된다. 따라서 앞으로 막걸리를 이용하여 항암관련 기능성식품을 개발할 수 있는 가능성이 보이며, 이를 위하여 특히 메탄올 분획물에 대한 집중적인 연구가 요구된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2014

In this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic crude extract and its five different solvent subfractions (namely, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction, chloroform fraction, n-hexane fraction and the aqueous fraction) from a mixture of four different medicinal herbs (Galla rhois, Achyranthes japonica Nakai, Terminalia chebula Retz and Glycyrrhiza uralensis) were investigated. Among all the tested mixture combination of four medicinal herbs, 5:3:1:1 ratio of Galla:Achyranthes : Terminalia : Glycyrrhiza had the best antimicrobial effects against four strains of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and exhibited the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Further sub-fractions with solvents were screened for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Antioxidant activity in order was ethyl acetate fraction > n-butanol fraction > chloroform fraction > nhexane fraction > aqueous fraction. The n-butanol extracted fraction showed the highest level of antimicrobial activity in com- parison to other fractions. In addition, all those fractions did not show any cytotoxicity against human skin cell CCD-986sk. These results suggest that 5:3:1:1 combination extracts of medicinal herbs (Galla : Achyranthes : Terminalia : Glycyrrhiza) may be potentially used as a safe natural antimicrobial preservative.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the fin of Thunnus Thynnus (TT). TT was extracted with methanol (TTM), and then further fractionated into four subfractions by using solvent partition method, affording hexane (TTMH), methanol (TTMM), butanol (TTMB) and aquous (TTMA) soluble fractions. We determined the cytotoxicity of these four fractions in four kind of cancer cell lines, such as HepG2, MCF-7, B16-F10 and HT29 by MTT assay. The TTMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effect at the concentration of 150 ${\mu}g/mL$, displaying 95% on the HepG2 cell lines and 82% on MCF-7 cell line. The morphological changes such as membrane shirinking and blebbing of cells were also observed by TTMM treatment in HT29 cell. In addition, we observed that quinone reductase (QR) activity was elevated by only TTMM and TTMH treatments in HepG2 cell. QR activity was increased to around 2.0 and 1.8 times in TTMM and TTMH treated HepG2 cell at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively, compared to that in control. Although further studies are needed, the present work could suggest that the fin of TT has a potential to be usable as a chemopreventive agent against cancer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1551-1554
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• 2004

In the presence of laccase, low molecular weight (M.W.) fractions from lignosulfonate (M.W. 97 kD) were produced. By Sephadex column chromatography, four lower M.W. fractions of 9 kD, 1.8 kD, 1 kD and 0.85 kD were identified. The addition of acetovanillone (AV) or acetosyringone (AS) enhanced to the degradation of lignosulfonate with fungal laccase. During this process, there were found new generation of lower M.W. fractions, e.g. approximately 20 kD, 1.8 kD, 1 kD and 0.85 kD for AV, and 20 kD, 3 kD, 1 kD and 0.85 kD for AS, respectively. The quantities of lower M.W. products (especially the fractions of M.W. 1 kD and 0.85 kD) were larger than those in the controls. Also, its degradation became more active in the presence of AS than AV. The presence of AS or AV seems to prevent the re-polymerization of degraded lignosulfonate by the laccase.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1997

The hypoglycemic effect of fractions of methanol extract of Cassia tora was investigated in diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 180∼230 g were divided into 6 groups. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by intravenous injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). The diabetic animals then had plasma glucose concentration of above 300 mg/㎗. Fractions of methanol extract of Cassia tora were administered orally into the diabetic rats for 14 days after streptozotocin injection. The food intake and body weight gain were monitored and plasma levels of glucose, triglyceride, free fatty acid, HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol and ALT activity were determined. Levels of glycogen, cholesterol and triglyceride in liver were analysed. Weights of liver and kidney were lighter in all the fraction-administered groups than streptozotocin-control group. Plasma glucose level was significantly decreased by the administration of butanol fraction at 14 days. Plasma triglyceride levels were lower in chloroform, butanol and H$_2$O fraction-administered groups compared to streptozotocin-control group. Plasma cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly different in all groups. Administrations of each of the four fractions have decreased plasma free fatty acid level, ALT activity and liver triglyceride levels in the diabetic rats. Liver glycogen levels in chloroform, butanol and H$_2$O fraction-administered groups were higher than streptozotocin-control group. It is suggested from the results that butanol fraction of methanol extract of Cassia tora may contain the antihyperglycemic compounds.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

In this study were evaluated the whitening and anti-oxidative activities from the extracts of Sorbus alnifolia branches, and identified the chemical structures of the active ingredients. In the whitening tests using α-MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the 70% ethanol extract and n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions concentration-dependently inhibited cellular melanogenesis and intracellular tyrosinase activities without causing cell toxicity. The total polyphenol content of n-BuOH and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were measured to be respectively 241.1 ± 1.1 and 222.9 ± 2.4 (mg/g GAE), and the total flavonoid content of EtOAc fraction was 75.3 ± 2.0 (mg/g QE). Upon anti-oxidant studies with DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, potent radical scavenging activities were observed in the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. Moreover, in the study of cell protection efficacy using HaCaT keratinocytes damaged by H₂O₂, the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions showed a very positive results on prevention of oxidative stress. Phytochemical studies for this extract resulted in the isolation of four compounds; 2-oxopomolic acid (1), euscaphic acid (2), epi-catechin (3), prunasin (4). These results suggested that the extract of S. alnifolia branches containing compounds 1-4 as natural ingredients could be used as whitening and anti-oxidant ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7167-7170
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• 2015

Background: Although 3D image based brachytherapy is currently the standard of treatment in cervical cancer, most of the centres in developing countries still practice orthogonal intracavitary brachytherapy due to financial constraints. The quest for optimum dose and fractionation schedule in high dose rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) is still ongoing. While the American Brachytherapy Society recommends four to eight fractions of each less than 7.5 Gy, there are some studies demonstrating similar efficacy and comparable toxicity with higher doses per fraction. Objective: To assess the treatment efficacy and late complications of HDR ICBT with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective institutional study in Southern India carried on from $1^{st}$ June 2012 to $31^{st}$ July 2014. In this period, 76 patients of cervical cancer satisfying our inclusion criteria were treated with concurrent chemo-radiation following ICBT with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions, five to seven days apart. Results: The median follow-up period in the study was 24 months (range 10.6 - 31.2 months). The 2 year actuarial local control rate, disease-free survival and overall survival were 88.1%, 84.2% and 81.8% respectively. Although 38.2% patients suffered from late toxicity, only 3 patients had grade III late toxicity. Conclusions: In our experience, HDR brachytherapy with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions is an effective dose fractionation for the treatment of cervical cancer with acceptable toxicity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2011

The objectives of present study were to characterize the peptides which were isolated from Korean fermented soybean paste, chungkukjang, and to determine their antioxidant activities. Four fractions were collected from the methanol extract of chungkukjang by using a recycling preparative HPLC. Among fractions, Fr-2 was identified to be highly potent free radical scavenging activity in the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT)-reduction inhibition. Base on antioxidant effects, fraction Fr-2 was employed for the refraction with a prep-column and separated into five fractions of which two fractions were identified to have higher antioxidant activity. To confirm the amino acid constituents of antioxidant fractions Fr-2-2 and Fr-2-3 were analyzed, and eight kinds of amino acids such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, histidine, and arginine were identified as the constituent amino acids. Antioxidant activities of the separated peptides were further assessed cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide (MTT), and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of H4IIE cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Chungkukjang peptides have shown their ability to protect H4IIE rat hepatoma cells against H2O2- induced oxidative stress by concentration and time-dependent manner. Therefore, These results indicated that fermented soybean paste chungkukjang will be promoted the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities, and beneficial for health. The antioxidant peptide fractions Fr-2-2 and Fr-2-3 were denominated as P-NICS-1 and P-NICS-2, respectively. However, further studies were required to clarify their amino acid sequences and molecular properties, and physiological significances.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2012

This study examines the optimal fractionation method and conditions for the isolation of endoprotease- and exopeptidase-active fractions from crude extracts of cuttlefish hepatopancreas (HP) using four fractionation methods: ammonium sulfate fractionation (ASF), polyethylene glycol fractionation (PGF), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and gel filtration chromatography (GFC). Total endoprotease activity highest in the fraction II (concentrate of fractions 34-42; 842.60 U) of GFC, followed by fraction III (40-60% ammonium sulfate fraction; 670.25 U) of ASF, fraction I (concentrate of fractions 8-12; 436.89 U) of IEC, and fraction II (10-20% polyethylene glycol; 307.31 U) of PGF. Total exopeptidase activity of these fractions was highest in fraction II (2,704.70 U) of GFC, fraction III (2,110.50 U) of ASF, fraction III (1,605.60 U) of PGF, and fraction II (concentrate of fractions 38-44; 1,196.22 U) of IEC. These results showed that fraction II of GFC had the highest activity toward both exopeptidase and endoprotease, with exopeptidase activity being 3.21 times higher than of endoprotease. These results suggest cuttlefish HP could be used as a potential source for the extraction of exopeptidase, an enzyme capable of catalyzing the cleavage of N- and C-terminal amino acids in polypeptides, Like endoprotease, the most efficient method for separating exopeptide-active fractions was GFC.