• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-103
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• 2004

From the studies on a few specific chapters of Tibetan Medical Painting, following conclusions were obtained. 1. The doctors of Tibet had to be not only academically and morally perfect, but he must show and have respect for his religion and his religous leaders and Gods. 2 The most main causes for all the disease that Tibetan Medicine resumed were hatred, delusion and ignorance of human mind which can make the physiological bile, wind, and phlegm to turn into pathological ones. 3. There is the classification of primary cause, which would be the human mind mentioned above, and the secondary cause which include dietary, behavior, seasonal problems, etc. 4. The Tibetans thought the digestive power is very important in the improvement or degravation of the disease. 5. More chapters were held for explaining the disease of fever, its clssification, stages, and cures which can indirectly show that the Tibetans might have thought it was very serious and could be very harmful. 6. The treatments for all the kinds of disease not only include medication and external therapy but also dietary and behavior regulations.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.188-191
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• 2003

Tsutsugamushi fever is a serious febrile disease outwardly similar to malaria and various arboviral infections. The endemic area is Asia-Pacific. This disease are generally associated with disturbed habitats favoring large populations of vector larval trombiculid mites. Therapy with tetracycline, chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin is currently recommanded. Unfortunately these drugs is suboptimal for children and pregnant women. Recently, azithromycin has been proven to be effective in therapy of scrub typhus. There is no evidence that azithromycin causes adverse reaction to developing fetus or children. We report four cases of tsutsugamushi fever in children successfully treated with azithromycin. This is the first report describing clinical application of azithromycin to tsutsugamushi fever in Korean children.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

The purpose of the paper is to introduce a system that reduces the occurrence of weak-story in the event of earthquake. Weak-story concentrates deformation on the story and causes all member to collapse before the capacity of all member is reached. This paper introduces Strong-Back system (SB) to protect weak story. SB is a hybrid of zipper frame, tied eccentrically braced frame, and elastic truss system and it is divided into elastic and inelastic areas. Elastic areas prevent the generation of weak story by distributing energy, and inelastic areas dissipate energy through buckling or yielding. In this paper, the seismic performance is evaluated by comparing the four type braced frame with SB through push-over analysis. The four criteria are compared from the base shear, the ductility capacity, the column failure order, and the quantity of brace. As a result, SB proved to have sufficient performance to protect the weak-story.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.494-500
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• 2007

The endophytic bruchid pest Callosobruchus maculatus causes severe damage to storage cowpea seeds, leading to economical losses. For this reason the use of $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors to interfere with the pest digestion process has been an interesting alternative to control bruchids. With this aim, $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors from baru seeds (Dipteryx alata) were isolated by affinity chromatographic procedures, causing enhanced inhibition of C. maculatus and Anthonomus grandis $\alpha$-amylases. To attempt further purification, this fraction was applied onto a reversed-phase HPLC column, generating four peaks with remarkable inhibition toward C. maculatus $\alpha$-amylases. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-ToF analysis identified major proteins of approximately 5.0, 11.0, 20.0 and 55 kDa that showed $\alpha$-amylase inhibition. Results of in vivo bioassays using artificial seeds containing 1.0% (w/w) of baru crude extract revealed 40% cowpea weevil larvae mortality. These results provide evidence that several $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors classes, with biotechnological potential, can be isolated from a single plant species.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1187-1193
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• 2002

Anodic bonding process has been quantitatively evaluated based on the Taguchi analysis of the interfacial fracture toughness, measured at the interface of anodically bonded silicon-glass bimorphs. A new test specimen with a pre-inserted blade has been devised for interfacial fracture toughness measurement. A set of 81 different anodic bonding conditions has been generated based on the three different conditions for four different process parameters of bonding load, bonding temperature, anodic voltage and voltage supply time. Taguchi method has been used to reduce the number of experiments required for the bonding strength evaluation, thus obtaining nine independent cases out of the 81 possible combinations. The interfacial fracture toughness has been measured for the nine cases in the range of 0.03∼6.12 J/㎡. Among the four process parameters, the bonding temperature causes the most dominant influence to the bonding strength with the influence factor of 67.7%. The influence factors of other process parameters, such as anodic voltage and voltage supply time, bonding load, are evaluated as 18%, 12% and 2.3%, respectively. The maximum bonding strength of 7.23 J/㎡ has been achieved at the bonding temperature of 460$\^{C}$ with the bonding load of 45gf/㎠, the applied voltage of 600v and the voltage supply time of 25minites.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1999

Recently we experienced four cases of soft tissue Ewing sarcoma, developed in the calf muscles in two cases, and one case each in the foot and suprascapular region. We also found that the clinical course in all cases was rather rapid, because of local recurrence and metastatic lesions developing within a few months, followed by the patients' death in about 2 years after the primary tumor was excised. These cases were improperly treated initially as some kind of benign soft tissue tumor. The delay led to missed early accurate diagnosis and was thought to be one of the main causes for the rapid local recurrence and metastasis after tumor excision. The pulmonary metastasis was the most common cause of death.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2005

This study was designed to apply the stimulation system developed in our laboratory to investigate how the stimulation conditions affect the muscle contractile characteristics in the isometric condition as well as during the FES standing/walking. Four paraplegic and ten healthy subjects participated in this study, and their knee extensors were voluntary contracted or electrically stimulated to measure the muscle force and the fatigue index for different waveforms of the pulse train. We also investigated different combinations of the electrode positions during standing/walking. It was confirmed that continuous and high-frequency stimulation causes faster fatigue than intermittent and low-frequency stimulation. Fatigue resistance was higher around the optimal muscle length than at a stretched position in healthy subjects, whereas the opposite was observed in paralyzed subjects. The paired t-test results with the level of significance at 0.01 indicated that the sinusoidal waveform generated the largest torque among the four typical waveforms. Although statistically not very significant, the sinusoidal waveform also generated, in general, the highest fatigue resistance at an intensity level below the supramaximal stimulation. One of the paraplegic subject who participated in the standing/walking program can now stand up for 1 minute and 50 seconds with the knee extensors, and walk for about 5 minutes at the speed of 12m/sec.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

To investigate statistics of flamelet in a turbulent premixed flame and to obtain components of their burning velocities in a vertical plane above a pipe-flow burner, the local motion of flamelets with respect to gas are measured by specially arranged diagnostics, composed of an electrostatic probe with four identical sensors and a two-color four-beam LDV system. With this technique, the three-dimensional local flame-front-velocity vector is measured by the electrostatic probe for the first time, and simultaneously the axial and radial components of the local gas-velocity vector in a vertical plane above the vertically oriented burner are measured by the LDV system. Two components of burning velocities of planar flamelets can be obtained from these results and are found to be distributed over different directions and to range in magnitude from nearly zero to a few times the planar, unstrained adiabatic laminar burning velocity measured in the unburnt gas. It may be concluded from these results that turbulence exerts measurable influences on flamelets and causes at least some of them to exhibit increased burning velocity.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2017

An experimental investigation is carried out on the failure mechanism of foam concrete with cold formed steel double C-Channels embedment. The foam concrete is made of cement and fly ash with a compressive strength between 9 and 24 MPa with different densities. Forty-eight tests have been carried out in four groups of specimens with various embedment depths of the steel in the concrete. Four modes of failure are observed, which include the independent failure of the C-Channels with and without a concrete block inside the channel as well as the combined failure of the two channels, and the failure of the extrusion block. A theoretical model has been developed to understand the failure process. The peak compressive force applied onto the C-Channels that causes failure is calculated. It is concluded that the failure involves independent slippage between two C-Channels, and the steel and the foam concrete blocks inside the C-Channels. A method to calculate the peak force is also developed based on the test results. The calculations also show that the shear strength of the foam concrete is about 8% of the compressive strength with ${\alpha}$ coefficient of 0.4 between the steel and concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.102-108
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• 2017

Escherichia coli responds to ever-changing external and internal stresses by rapidly adjusting its physiology for better survival. This adjustment occurs at all levels including metabolites as well as mRNAs and proteins. Although there has been many reports describing E. coli's adaptation to various stresses regarding transcriptomics or proteomics, only a few investigations have been reported regarding this adaptation viewed from metabolites' perspective. We applied four different types of stresses at four different doses as imposed by NaCl, sorbitol, ethanol, and pH to investigate the similarities or differences among the stresses, and which stress causes the largest perturbation of the metabolite composition. We profiled the metabolites under such external stresses by using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and identified 39 metabolites including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and nucleic acids. According to our statistical analysis, the osmotic stress caused by sorbitol differentiated itself from others, while NaCl showed the largest dose dependent metabolic perturbations. We hope this work will form a foundation on which an approach to a successful protein production is systematically provided by a favorable metabolic environment by imposing proper external stresses.