• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.16 no.27
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• pp.83-89
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• 1993

In order to model the Group Technology Problem three formulations are used, that is, generally the following formulations are used: (1) Matrix formulation, (2) Mathematical programming formulation, (3) Graph formulation. In the case of Matrix formulation, it is difficult to discribe the situation using the multi-job machine. But this paper proposed the model of Group Technology using the multi-job machin, taking the method of making practical application of principle of similarity coefficient.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.2887-2893
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• 1996

Governing equations infrictional contact problems are introduced using variational inequality formulations which are regularized to overcome the diffculties of non-differentiability of the friction functional. Also finite element approximations and a priori error estimations are derived based on those formulations. Numerical simulations are performed illustrating the theoretical results.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.580-580
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• 2001

Before resin composites can serve as durable substitutes for amalgam restorations, the adhesive system used to retain them and add to seal dentin must be improved. The recent observations, using the newly developed LVDT (linear variable differential transformer) probe, that all commercial bonding systems cause a collapse of the demineralized dentin matrix, simulated a re-evaluation of the effects of these formulations on the matrix. The experiment was begun by examining solvents such as water-HEMA mixtures. These produced the same shrinkages as did the complete formulations.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.428-433
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• 1999

In this study, new finite clement formulations are carried out to analyze the distortion of the curved steel box girders which are susceptible to the torsional loading. For the exact analysis of curved box girders, additional degrees of freedom are added besides the conventional 6 degrees of freedom of general-purpose finite analysis programs, which are torsional warping, distortional warring, and distortion. New formulations were coded into a computer programs. Several numerical examples were presented to demonstrate the validity of developed program.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.411.2-411.2
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• 2002

In order to develope an optimum formulation for iontophoretic delivery of vitamine-C-2 phosphate. we have prepared 3 different formulations using hydrophilic polymers, such as poloxamer, carbo pol and HPMC and iontophoretic flux through skin from these hydrogel formulations was carried out. The effect of current density, drug concentration and current profile on flux was investigated. In-vitro flux study was performed at 36.5$^{\circ}C$, using side-by-side diffusion cell. Full-thickness hairless mouse skin was used for this work. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 1990

Two different, derivative spectrophotometric and gas-liquid chromatographic, procedures for direct quantitation of caffeine and some commonly dispensed antihistaminics in bulk forms, in their laboratory prepared mmixtures and in dosage formulations, have been investigated. The limit, sensitivity reproducibility and accuracy of each method were studied for each individual drug substance and in some usual pharmaceutical formulations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2014

Background: Eight positions for new formulations in Jingyuequanshu is a unique classifying system and each position can be presented as a network. Network analysis is an effective method of visualizing the relationship of textual information. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the structure of the eight positions for new formulations in Jingyuequanshu, and to acquire information about composing materia medica. Methods: We constructed an initial database and binary matrix of eight positions for new formulation in Jingyuequanshu, including its herbs and formulations. With this data, we carried out frequency and network analysis. Results: We analyzed each of the eight positions for new formulation, entire positions, and five positions after removing 'causal/cold/hot' positions. We found that the formulas of the causal position are distributed throughout the new formulation, and those of the cold and hot positions are also distributed similarly but the two groups are exclusive to each other. The other 5 positions are distributed exclusively to one another. Conclusions: Eight positions for new formulation of Jingyuequanshu were classified into three axes by exploratory network analysis. One is an axis of causal position, another is an axis of cold/hot positions, and the last is an axis of the other five positions.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2004

In recent years, adjuvants have received much attention because of the development of purified subunit and synthetic vaccines which are poor immunogens and require adjuvants to evoke the immune response. Therefore, immunologic adjuvants have been developed and testing for most of this century. During the last years much progress has been made on development, isolation and chemical synthesis of alternative adjuvants such as derivatives of muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A, liposomes, QS-21, MF-59 and immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMS). Biodegradable polymer microspheres are being evaluated for targeting antigens on mucosal surfaces and for controlled release of vaccines with an aim to reduce the number of doses required for primary immunization. The most common adjuvants for human use today are aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate. Calcium phosphate and oil emulsions have been also used in human vaccination. The biggest issue with the use of adjuvants for human vaccines is the toxicity and adverse side effects of most of the adjuvant formulations. Other problems with the development of adjuvants include restricted adjuvanticity of certain formulations to a few antigens, use of aluminum adjuvants as reference adjuvant preparations under suboptimal conditions, non-availability of reliable animal models, use of non-standard assays and biological differences between animal models and humans leading to the failure of promising formulations to show adjuvanticity in clinical trials. The availability of hundreds of different adjuvants has prompted a need for identifying rational standards for selection of adjuvant formulations based on safety and sound immunological principles for human vaccines. The aim of the present review is to put the recent findings into a broader perspective to facilitate the application of these adjuvants in general and experimental vaccinology.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.598-603
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of three formulations; product A (polyethylene glycol was used as a main dispersing agent), product B (wax mixture was used as a main dispersing agent) and product C(silicon dioxide was used as a main dispersing agent) on bioavailability of acetaminophen soft gelatin capsules(softgels) and to develop an effective acetaminophen softgel which exhibits an excellent bioavailability. Acetaminophen softgels of various formulations were prepared as 4 minim round type by rotary die method. Four softgels of the three formulation (A, B, C), each of which contained 50 mg acetaminophen, were administered orally to 12 normal healthy rabbits using a three-way cross over design. Plasma acetaminophen concentrations were measured by HPLC. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The Tmax rank order of acetaminophen softgel was C$(63.75{\pm}10.62\;min)$>A$(36.25{\pm}5.37\;min)$>B$(35{\pm}6.74\;min)$. 2. The decreasing Cmax order of softgel product was A$(93.51{\pm}0.55\;{\mu}g/ml)$>B$(3.16{\pm}0.37\;{\mu}g/ml)$>C$(2.6{\pm}0.55\;{\mu}g/ml)$. 3. The $[AUC]^{\infty}_0$ rank order for three acetaminophen softgel formulations was A $(14.89{\pm}1.56\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}min)$ >B$(14.39{\pm}1.43\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}min)$>C$(11.45{\pm}1.49\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}min)$. 4. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Tmax, Cmax and $[AUC]^{\infty}_0$ of product A and B did not differ significantly(p>0.05). On the other hand, those of product C were significantly different(p>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2005

This study was intended to contribute towards the development of proper drug use system for pediatric patients by investigationg problems related to their medication and identifying drugs that need to be developed into low dosage tab-lets or syrups for pediatric use based on our analysis on the prescriptions for pediatric inpatients from 22 hospitals in South Korea on a day of Feb. 2003. The usage rates in the proportion of less than 0.5 and 1 per unit of oral solid formulation were $29.9{\%}$ and $54.3{\%}$ in hospitals with 1000 beds or more, 36.5 and $60.6{\%}$ in hospitals with 500 to less than 1000 beds, $60.8{\%}$ and $81.6{\%}$ in hospitals with less than 500 beds. Of the 63 oral solid formulation products that were used two or more times in the proportion oi less than 0.5 units, 34 products ($54.0{\%}$) were used as such despite the fact that syrups and lower dosage tablets or capsules were available in the market, and 24 products ($38.1{\%}$) so even when syrup formulations were available. Therefore, it would be desirable that pharmacist communities in charge of dispensing identify the most frequently crushed drugs or those that require special attention in choosing dispensing powders or solutions and develop dispensing guidelines that can be adopted by pharmacists in practice. Moreover government-led policies are needed to encourage development and manufacture of the formulations for pediatrics and to correct unsound prescription and dispensing practices such as using crushed forms of certain oral solid formulations although alternative formulations are available in the market.