• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.251-256
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• 1995

팽화제품의 맛과 조직감을 향상시키기 위해 sucrose를 첨가한다. 또한 유화제를 첨가하면 압출성형동안 아밀로스와 복합체를 형성하여 반죽의 물성을 변화시켜 팽화제품의 성질에 영향을 미친다. 이들 첨가제는 $CO_{2}$ 주입에 의한 압출성형공법에서도 조직감과 기공형성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 이 실험에서는 sucrose(5%, 10%)와 GMS(0.75%, 1%)를 옥수수 가루와 혼합하여 $CO_{2}$ 개스 주입압력을 1.04에서 2.07 MPa를 변화시킬 때의 시스템 변수와 제품의 특성을 검토하였다. $CO_2$ 개스를 주입시킴에 따라 반죽온도는 증가하였고, 사출구 압력은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Sucrose의 첨가에 의해 반죽온도, SME투입과 사출구 압력은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. GMS첨가에 의해 SME 투입량의 변화는 없었지만, 0.75% GMS첨가에 의해 팽화제품의 밀도는 대조구와 비교하여 감소하였다. GMS 첨가에 의한 수용성지수와 paste 점도도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. $CO_{2}$ 주입압력에 따라서 paste 점도는 크게 차이를 보이지는 않았다. GMS를 첨가할 경우 $CO_{2}$ 주입에 의한 기공형성력이 증가하여 제품의 조직감이 향상되었다. 밀도는 $CO_{2}$ 주입압력 1.38 MPa, 0.5% GMS 첨가시 최소치인 $0.22g/cm^{3}$를 보였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2016

최근 빅데이터 분석은 기업과 전문가뿐만 아니라 개인이나 비전문가들도 큰 관심을 갖는 분야로 발전하였다. 그에 따라 현재 공개된 데이터 또는 직접 수집한 이터를 분석하여 마케팅, 사회적 문제 해결 등에 활용되고 있다. 국내에서도 다양한 기업들과 개인이 빅데이터 분석에 도전하고 있지만 빅데이터 공개의 제한과 수집의 어려움으로 분석 초기 단계에서부터 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 논문에서는 빅데이터 공유를 방해하는 개인정보, 빅트래픽 등의 요소들에 대한 기존 연구와 사례들을 살펴보고 정책기반의 해결책이 아닌 시스템을 통해서 빅데이터 공유 제한 문제를 해결 할 수 있는 클라이언트-서버 모델을 이용해 빅데이터를 공개 및 사용 할 때 발생하는 문제점들을 해소하고 공유와 분석 활성화를 도울 수 있는 방안에 대해 기술한다. 클라이언트-서버 모델은 SPARK를 활용해 빠른 분석과 사용자 요청을 처리하며 Server Agent와 Client Agent로 구분해 데이터 제공자가 데이터를 공개할 때 서버 측의 프로세스와 데이터 사용자가 데이터를 사용하기 위한 클라이언트 측의 프로세스로 구분하여 설명한다. 특히, 빅데이터 공유, 분산 빅데이터 처리, 빅트래픽 문제에 초점을 맞추어 클라이언트-서버 모델의 세부 모듈을 구성하고 각 모듈의 설계 방법에 대해 제시하고자 한다. 클라이언트-서버 모델을 통해서 빅데이터 공유문제를 해결하고 자유로운 공유 환경을 구성하여 안전하게 빅데이터를 공개하고 쉽게 빅데이터를 찾는 이상적인 공유 서비스를 제공할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8171-8175
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• 2014

Background: To study the radioprotective effects of flavonoids from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (FRT). Materials and Methods: The radioprotective effects of FRT were investigated by examining cell viability, 30-day survival of mice and the number of colony-forming units in spleen (CFU-S) after total-body 60Co irradiation. Results: The survival rates of irradiated cells gradually increased with increasing concentrations of FRT. The survival rate was the highest at 87% with a concentration of $30{\mu}g/mL$. Pretreatment with FRT was needed to realize its radioprotective activity in mice at the dose of 60 mg/kg. With the increasing doses of 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg, the numbers of CFU-S increased, and were significantly different compared with the control group. Conclusions: Pretreatment with FRT prior to irradiation resulted in significantly higher cell survival at 24 h after 5 Gy radiation, increased 30-day survival in mice after exposure to a potentially lethal dose of 8 Gy, and resulted in a higher number of CFU-S in mice after exposure to a dose of 6 Gy. These results collectively indicate that FRT is an effective radioprotective agent.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2013

This study aims to understand haiku phenomena from the viewpoint of communication, which emerges from reciprocal relationships among haiku poets, haiku societies, media on haiku, and other establishments relating to haiku. Such an analytic point of view, which tries to consider both the operation of each autonomous agent and that of the whole system consisted by the agents, is included in the realm of second-order cybernetics. The operation of a system cannot be reduced completely to a system's individual components, which is why such a viewpoint is required. Fundamental informatics, which is employed as a theoretical framework, and two haiku movements, which include shin keiko haiku ("new-trend" haiku) and dento ha haiku (Hototogisu-school haiku), forming an important part of modern haiku history, are the focus of this study. As a result, modern haiku history is considered to be an evolution of a haiku system, whose main incentive is an awareness of the production mechanism of haiku communication occurring through second-order observations in the system. This study also illuminates how haiku poets, haiku societies, and media covereage of haiku play roles in the evolution of the haiku system.

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.110-112
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• 2001

A black scab was observed on strawberry(Fragaria ananassa) in plastic film houses around Jinju area during the winter of 2000. The disease started from leaves then moved to calyx and runner. At the beginning, the infected area started with small dark brown spots then gradually expanded. The pathogenic fungus was purely isolated from the diseased leaves, calyx and runner. The fungus was inoculated to test Koch's postulates and proved to be the causal agent of the disease. The isolated fungus grew readily on potato dextrose agar, forming dark green to dark gray colonies. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was about $25^{\circ}C$. The diameter of growing hyphae was $3.8{\sim}5.6{\mu}m$. Conidia were ellipsoidal, ovoid or subspherical, mostly one-celled but occasionally septate. The size of conidia were $4.1{\sim}11.7{\times}3.8{\sim}5.3$ 1-cell, $9.3{\sim}18.8{\times}4.0{\sim}7.4{\mu}m$ 2-cell and formed in long branched chains on the erected conidiophores which were dark brown and variable in length between $28.8{\sim}236.2{\times}3.0{\sim}6.2{\mu}m$ in size. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium herbarum on the basis of its morphological characteristics. The black scab disease of strawberry caused by C. herbarum has not been reported in Korea previously.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.314-318
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• 2007

The feasibility of the employment of waste oyster shell as an adsorbent for fluoride ion has been tested by considering the effect ionic condition on the adsorption of fluoride ion on oyster shell. The adsorption capacity of oyster shell for fluoride ion was found not to be significantly influenced by the ionic strength of aqueous environment. The existence of complexing agent such as nitrilotriacetic acid in wastewater decreased the adsorbed amount of fluoride ion by forming a stable complex of $CaT^-$ and the adsorption reaction of fluoride ion on oyster shell was examined to be endothermic. The coexisting heavy metal ionic adsorbate in wastewater hindered the adsorption of fluoride ion, however, its adsorbed amount was increased as the particulate size of adsorbent was decreased. Finally, a serial adsorption column test has been conducted for a practical application of adsorption process and the breakthrough of the column adsorption was observed in 22 hours under the experimental condition.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.105-108
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• 2001

Several marine toxins with macrolide structure have been found to act on actin. One of these toxins is mycalolide B isolated from the genus Mycale. This compound belongs to macrolide antibiotics and consists of tris-oxazole with strong cytotoxic activity ($IC_{50}$: 10-50 nM for growth of L1210 murine leukemia cells). This compound was found to be an actin-depolymerizing agent with the mode of action distinct from that of the known actin inhibitor, cytochalasin D. Tolytoxin, a macrolide isolated from cyano-bacteria with similar chemical structure to mycalolide B, seems to have similar effect. Another macrolide compound, aplyronine A, showed the effects similar to those of mycalolide B. Although bistheonellide A, a dimeric macrolide, did not show a severing effect, it de polymerized F-actin and sequestered G-actin by forming 1 : 2 complex with G-actins. Swinholide A has a structure and effects similar to those of bistheonel-lide A. In conclusion, mycalolide B, tolytoxin, aplyronine A, bistheonellide A and swinholide A are the members of "actin de polymerizing macrolide" the mechanism of which is different from that of cytochalasin D.halasin D.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.900-903
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• 2009

An oat gum was extracted from whole seeds of a drought harvested oat (Avena sativa). Oat gum presented a ${\beta}-glucan$ content of 65%(w/w) and an intrinsic viscosity of 141 mL/g. Gelling capability of oat gum at different concentrations was investigated. Gel hardness increased from 0.08 to 0.25 N as the oat gum concentration changed from 5 to 10%(w/v). Whippability, foam stability, emulsion stability, and reduced viscosity of oat gum at different pH were also investigated. Oat gum whippability was maximum at pH 7 (146%), while the higher foam and emulsion stability values were found at pH 9 (88 and 96%, respectively). The gum reduced viscosity increased from 715 to 958 mL/g as the pH changed from 7 to 9. Oat gum shows great potential as a gel forming, thickening, and stabilizing agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 2014

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, implicated in both community and hospital acquired infections. The therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is becoming more difficult because of multidrug resistance and strong biofilm-forming properties. Schiff bases have attracted attention as promising antibacterial agents. In this study, we investigated the in vitro activity of taurine-5-bromosalicylaldehyde Schiff base (TBSSB) against MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using a microtiter broth dilution method. TBSSB effectively inhibited planktonic MRSA, with an MIC of $32{\mu}g/ml$. The time-kill curve confirmed that TBSSB exhibited bactericidal activity against MRSA. TBSSB was also found to significantly inhibit MRSA biofilm formation at 24 h, especially at $1{\times}MIC$ and sub-MIC levels. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed remarkable morphological and ultrastructural changes on the MRSA cell surface, due to exposure to TBSSB. This study indicated that TBSSB may be an effective bactericidal agent against MRSA.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.502-507
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• 2019

Macro-porous carbon foams are fabricated using cured spherical phenolic resin particles as a matrix and furfuryl alcohol as a binder through a simple casting molding. Different sizes of the phenolic resin particles from 100-450 ㎛ are used to control the pore size and structure. Ethylene glycol is additionally added as a pore-forming agent and oxalic acid is used as an initiator for polymerization of furfuryl alcohol. The polymerization is performed in two steps; at 80℃ and 200℃ in an ambient atmosphere. The carbonization of the cured body is performed under Nitrogen gas flow (0.8 L/min) at 800℃ for 1 h. Shrinkage rate and residual carbon content are measured by size and weight change after carbonization. The pore structures are observed by both electron and optical microscope and compared with the porosity results achieved by the Archimedes method. The porosity is similar regardless of the size of the phenolic resin particles. On the other hand, the pore size increases in proportion to the phenol resin size, which indicates that the pore structure can be controlled by changing the raw material particle size.