• School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.205-222
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• 2002

In school mathematics, the negative numbers have been instructed using the intuitive models such as the number line model, the counting model, and inductive-extrapolation on the additionand multiplication and using inverse operation on the subtraction and division. Theseinstructions on the negative numbers did not present their formal nature and caused the difficulty for students to understand their operations because of the incomplete function of the intuitive models. In this study, we tried to improve such problems of the instructions of the negative numbers on the basis of the didactical phenomenological analysis. First of all, we analysed the nature of the negative numbers and the cognitive obstructions through the examination about the historic process of them. Second, we examined hew the nature of the negative numbers were analysed and described in mathematics. Third, we explored the improving directions for them on the ground of the didactical phenomenological analysis. In school mathematics, the rules of operations using the intuitive models of the negative numbers have been Instructed rather than approaching toward the nature of them. The negative numbers have been developed from the necessity to find the general solution of equations. The study tries to approach the operations instructions of the negative numbers formative]y to overcome the problems of those that are using the intuitive models and to reflect the formative Furthermore of the negative numbers. Furthermore, we examine the way of the instruction of the negative numbers in real context so that the algebraic feature and the real context should be Interactive.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.742-746
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• 2006

Evaluation of learning ability of students is classified a step of diagnostic, formative and summative evaluation. This step-by-step evaluation is the standard of synthesis judgement, from a student's prior learning of preparation state to devotion of learning process and even learning result. In this paper, we propose the method of synthesis learning evaluation which is considered evaluation of each step in using fuzzy inference. In order to get objective evaluation of learning ability, we applied to the weights by evaluation steps. And we reflected defuzzification values of final evaluation membership function interval obtained by fuzzy inference about diagnostic, formative and summative evaluation. As a result, it processes definite inference ensures objectivity and shows validity of the synthesis evaluation method.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2013

Appear on the furniture design concept of the Joseon Dynasty Pung-hyel design was developed that is imaged by implication. Was enough of our culture, tradition and the wisdom of our ancestors to the development of a design that reflects the traits to fit the purpose of each form to proceed. Based building materials, technology, and how to identify and develop products as competitive PE fence, and at the same time to develop an international product design is based. Was designed with functionality and mass production to be faithful as a function fence productivity. Formative elements where you can rub shoulders with the modern urban environment alive excavated features leads in the traditional culture, aesthetics, design emphasized a new sense of harmony. Improvements were becoming increasingly aware that traditional culture of Korea's own traditional forms of social concern of modern design. Other products and take advantage of the traditional pattern, with figurative motifs and differentiation, and faithful to its original function as a fence brings out the basic elements of the visual motif has a distinctive beauty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.5 s.164
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• pp.777-787
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to consider various characteristics in the graffiti-look in the modem fashion by interpreting meanings and properties of graffiti, transferred from street art to a new main stream in art. The scope of this study is limited to works from the 1990s to the present, and the materials for the literatures and exploratory study are fashion-related portfolios and the domestic and foreign fashion magazines. The first characteristic is satire. The graffiti-look conveys directly or indirectly with phrase or symbol various messages of politics, social ideology, wealth and poverty, environmental pollution, anti-war, etc. Body is even more used for graffitiand designers express freely their identity or ideology through the formative style of graffiti. The second characteristic is pleasure. Fantastic expressions from a fairy-tale or fable in the graffiti-look give humor meaning freedom and sense of liberation in a sense of catharsis to the modem people's emotion. The graffiti-look uses graffiti works to introduce its original message of humanism, happiness, humor, etc. to clothing; as a result, the graffiti-look features pleasure. The third characteristic iscommercial application. Brand logo designed by graffiti style is decorated with clothing, accessory, or ornament. This may not only emphasize brand name through lingual function of graffiti, but also be used for a distinctive marketing strategy against other brands. Logo which is regarded motive or pattern of design leaves a image instead of a meaning and performs a design function stressing formative sense.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.209-219
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• 1996

The BAUHAUS started as the purpose of training the people who are designers in the industnal society or who have artistic talent as architect, handicraftman, sculptor, and in the construction, it was based for entire organizational training for every handicrafts in the aspect of the art and form. The preliminary course that became the generative power of the human training that have possessed creativity was studied and put in to practice through the formative activity of dIverse form and method according to the educational idea and the educational method of the teachers who are in charge of such edudation, and common access method that forms the fundamental basis was centered not only human being as a formative principle, and analyzed thoroughly with biological function and further until mental and philosophical part but served and thought synthetically and took principal objects at the formative practice. Together with this, the characteristic structure of the BA UHA US's formative education was taking the grouptherapy educational method where there was not distinguish teacher and student and through the liberal criticism and they realize by experience themselves that how to solve the certain subject and pursue the form by compare each other's solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand the meanings of formative methods (re-creative expressions, abstractive expressions, conceptual expressions, and adaptive expressions) as they are adapted to fashion design. Re-creative expression is the representation of real objects from nature or the environment, sometimes in a humorous or surrealistic way. Abstractive expression is the use of reconstructed forms extracted from the basic characteristics of natural things, which take on variety of appearances based on the designer’'s creativity and imagination. Conceptual expression refers to the representation of ideas, concepts, and other products of the human mind. And, adaptive expression is a method of design that is focused on function driving the form of clothing. Modern fashion design is a fluid hybrid of these various types of expression that serves as an extension of the designers’' aesthetic values.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Recently, the studio which is urban housing form is rapidly growing up by new residential space according to increasing 1~2 person households form because of Modern members who have changing patterns of life and diversification of social values. The resident of the studio who lives or uses the space for a work such as students, office worker and soho-jok has various characters by a society nature changes and a regional peculiarity. The studio form and function is getting change according to variety trend changes and their life styles. The role and use of residential space also have variety such as the resident who lives in the studio. This study is to find the space utilization for them and reasonable housing solution in that structure, furniture and Wall Storage System of existing studio which is based on the common life patterns. The study's purpose is to propose the furniture design of changeable Wall Storage System according to the analysis.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to pointed artistic representation design on fashion through observation, integrating of the formative arts. Above all, designing principle should be considered with trend, styling ,coloring. Suggested designing study is the essence of present methods. ① Clothing as an art ② Expression in fashion design ③ Creation of the artistic sense ④ The various techniques of design ⑤ Perform the steps of design (Ⅰ) ∼ (Ⅲ) That is to say, fashion is reflected in the spirit of painters as well as designers. Art is close and common relationship between individual will-to-form and the sense of value. Thus Art wear is represented the minute expression of designing the function with artistic originality. I submit some opinion and my studies. ① Forms of Formative Arts ② Analysis of the Silhouette & Design - - ③ Color scheme of Design ④ Artistic representation techniques - Knit wear design ⑤ Emotion of Beauty The results of this study were as follows : 1. Fashion design is demanded to do motivation by means of artistic representation. 2. Smart, sophisticated image effects, avoiding posterlike garish appearance. 3. It is supported for fashion information which is relating to design through industry society.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2013

The furniture of the Joseon era, life sense of human forms a culture has appeared well. Feeling of life refers to the sense of feel natural to the history and traditional culture of the area and their own customs. Further, it is possible to be a sense that reflects the mental contents ego, ethical and religious. Furniture traditional and sophisticated sense like this is to take care of the sophistication that comes out from the inside than the beauty artificial as a function of the sense and user preferences. This is a feeling of unique Korean. Due to changes in the housing, the beauty of these illustrates the altered form mechanically a uniform in modern times. Have that desired to be manufactured furniture by applying the neck Korean furniture of our living environment that will change in Western Europe of today, with the tradition of the modern lifestyle.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2002

To show the analytic approach to website sue, this paper discusses style's function that is immediately related to users emotional and aesthetic satisfaction. And we make an analysis of several websites based on various visual factors. Style provides emotion, a shared experience, context that makes the message arts function immediately apparent, and interests. It is a principle design feature that parallels cognitive function. Visual factors of website interface could be extracted from various aspects which are organization level, medial level, and formative level. Based on the extracted visual factors, we analyze the style which convey emotional idea. We select several sites which are opposite side in the image map with son-hard and warm-cool axis, and then make an analysis of them in two points which are organization and formative factors and communication means for emotional effect. To understand the systematic approach to website style could be helpful for figuring out the design problems and bringing out many solutions. It could be base for concrete guideline for website page design.