• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

This study examines the process of urban formation in the city of Yanji. The analysis is done by the change of street pattern and major facility location in a timely manner by appling space syntax method. This research categorizes the pattern of the urban growth focused on two urban forms, street and major buildings, in the city and is offered of the meaning of the first value on interpretation of the urban growth in the city of Yanji. The result of the research are as follows. First, the period of the city transformation is divided into four stage; intuitive period, grid-iron formative period, consolidation period, and urban expansion period. Second, characteristics of each stage have been analyzed. At the first stage, the city started to frame along both buildings and streets which were placed without a plan. At the second stage, the city was planned and constructed into new grid-iron pattern ignoring existing context by Jananese colony. At the consolidation period, the road system expands from the city center toward suburban. At the last expansion period, the shape of the city has complicated its shape with complex road system. This study contributes to provide a basic analysis and data to investigate how the Yanji city has evolved over period of time. But further continuous research should be done for future urban development of the Yanji city.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.371-380
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• 2012

Based on results using factor analysis, Women's definition of "Ideal beauty" can be materialize into four key factors, "Confident beauty", "Graceful beauty", "Lively beauty", and "Genuine beauty". Factor analysis was conducted to materialize Women's definition of "Ideal beauty"and the above four factors were representative of 56.31% of total variance. "Ideal beauty" defined by age category was also found significant difference, indicating existence of different "Ideal beauty "definition for age groups. Itemized age category's "Ideal beauty" definitions are as follows, 18-22 years, bright and lively, 23-27 years, cute and confident, 28-32 years, sensible and confident 33-37 years, hard-working, 38-42 years, ability and composure, 43-47 years, casual and graceful, 48-52 years, refined and noble, 53 years and above, healthy and proper as "Ideal beauty" definitions. The defined "ideal beauty" was steadily shifted with age group. Women 38 years and younger were defined external attributes to "Ideal beauty", as women 38 years and older were defined inner attributes to "Ideal beauty". Women's definition of "Ideal beauty" can materialize into four key factors, "Confident beauty", "Graceful beauty", "Lively beauty", and "Genuine beauty".

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.277-294
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of symbolism as an important trend of the end of centuries, by comparing the symbolic characteristics from two periods, modern(1880∼1910s) and comtemporary(1990s), based on the typical characteristics of symbolic art by Robert R. Delevoy. Af for the study method, the contents analysis is adopted to present an objective data analysis and interpretation accompanied by theoretical approach through literature survey. Delevoy classifies symbolism into three categories such as mysticism, eroticism, and decorativeness. This study is developed based on the Delevoy's three categories. symbolistic costume reflecting systems of the society and the phases of the times, became to contain all aspects of functional, symbolic, and practical. Especially, the costume I contemporary era adopted a new approach, philosophical factors controling human's sensibility, and a sincere and analytical attitude on progress of technology. This study provide the fact that costume is a part to create aesthetic of self-expression as a field of formative art. Contemporary costume allows vital power for daily life of human by pursuing new aesthetic value, and it expresses inner world of human and moves on future-oriented to regain humanity. The symbolistic characteristics will continue to influence varous aspects of our society and play a main role in shaping the purpose of fashion design in the 21st century.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.643-652
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• 2007

This study identifies visible/invisible factors and analyzes facilities, structure, and visible perceptive contents in the aspects of operation and efficiency with a focus on the interfaces between interior design of the subway and users. More specifically, it diagnoses the requirements and empirically presents improvements. In addition, this study aims to diagnose the interfaces between trains and users by reinterpreting and evaluating factors from the perspectives of users, and to elicit the universal interface and an objective form of conceptual, structural, and formative relations in regard to the conditions required to the design. As the interior design in the subway trains is for the public reflecting the value, consciousness, and behaviors of users, it should be approached through the application of the concept of universal design that considers the potential needs and psychological satisfaction of users. In arranging the indoor of the vehicles, the conditions for the facilities should be specified through the interdisciplinary approach from professional fields including ergonomics and psychology, the path of flow should be induced through the use of space and the analysis of passengers' behaviors, an integrated planning should be re-established, and continuous evaluations of basic guidelines, manuals, and requirements should be made.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1040-1054
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• 2011

This formative evaluation study presents a professional development program, "Earth Science Systems for Teachers (ESST)" held in a Midwest State in the United States. This study investigates how a professional development for urban teachers affects the teacher participants' perceptions of using the urban environment for their science teaching and their lesson unit development. The purpose of the program was to help urban teachers create science units using the urban geologic environment and its connection to urban students' everyday lives. The participant teachers' daily journal entries during the program, their lesson plans before and after the program, as well as their teaching reflections were collected as major data source. The teachers' daily journal entries were analyzed qualitatively and their pre-post lessons were analyzed quantitatively using a lesson plan analysis tool, Culturally Relevant Science Teaching Perspectives (CRSTP) was developed by the author. The lesson analysis tool was used to assess teachers' science lesson plans in the perspective of culturally relevant pedagogy and place-based pedagogy. The major findings include: 1) The teacher participants' field experiences in urban geologic sites and urban environments help the teachers to change their perceptions of using the urban environment as a teaching resource and 2) there were significant differences in their pre and post lesson unit scores based on CRSTP (P<. 01). The implications of this study are also discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 2003

Web-based instructional system gives us the greatest potential for supporting face-to-face classroom instruction in many ways. With the help of the Web in high school setting, all of the participants including teachers can share many different experiences, active interactions, and even learning outcomes. In this paper, web-based instructional strategy based on constructivism for extending the geographical thought is suggested. The results from the formative assessment, as well as the statistical results from regression analysis concerning the learners' satisfaction, are also provided.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.12-22
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• 2014

In this study, the basic information and study design characteristics of the Building Outer Wall Vertical Greening were analyzed. Recorded according to the type of research and analysis, through numerical statistics. Building Outer Wall Vertical Greening design the most appropriate and effective ways to present and try to guidelines. The scope of the research of Building Outer Wall Vertical Greening(2001-2013) was selected the most representative examples. Theory and statistical data analysis and case study research was conducted. The main academic monographs, Library Literature, specializing in design magazines and excerpts from the 28 cases analyzed specifically. Building Outer Wall Vertical Greening should be designed synthetically geographical features of the project, existing material, to consider the value of the building. Architect must be designed depending on accident and comprehensive expertise for architectural design of Building Outer Wall Vertical Greening. Building Outer Wall Vertical Greening requires the professional and comprehensive design approach depending on support of the government and people. However, purpose of use, plant, color, Formative expression, culture, locality, maintenance is properly applied in the design process is not easy.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.136-148
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• 2015

The purpose of this thesis is to study multi-view fashion design with an analysis of multi-view art's formation and philosophical perspective. The production of unique artwork is dependent on how we see, think and represent what is around us. Multi-view art has great potential as a concept related to the continuity of time and space, it is not limited to space and time but it extends to infinitely, according to the artist's will and imagination. The study of time and space has been used as principles for deriving the formative of multi-view art, and the principles applied for analyzing multi-view fashion design. And the formation of multi-view art is reflected in fashion design. Simultaneity, deconstructivity, continuity and virtuality in terms of multi-view art are support the formation of multi-view fashion design, such as fabrication, expandability, concealment and transparency. As such, it is important to study multi-view fashion design as a creative design method with immense potential for further development.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.73-92
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• 2019

Purpose This study conducted an empirical study on the influence of institutional mechanisms on the formation of customer trust among leading online businesses. This study focused on the construct of PEEIM(Perceived Effectiveness of e-Commerce Institutional Mechanisms) which is the perceived recognition of institutional mechanisms for e-Commerce in general and the construct of PEIS which is the perceived recognition of institutional mechanisms that are implemented by vendors. Design/methodology/approach The online and offline surveys were conducted for the leading online shopping vendors in Korea and 292 data were used for the empirical analysis. The research model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in this study. The full measurement model including the formative second-order constructs was examined with the exploratory factor analysis. The structural model was analyzed via a two-stage approach. To analyze the research model this study used Smart PLS 2.0 program. Findings The findings showed that PEEIM negatively moderates the relationship between satisfaction in vender and trust in vender, but had no moderating effect between trust in vender and repurchase intention. In addition, the institutional mechanisms of vendors(PEIS) have been shown to have a direct impact on the vender's trust.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2021

In this study, a scientific analysis of the gold leaf layers and internal structure of the Clay Seated Vairocana Buddha Triad in Seonunsa Temple, Gochang (Treasure No. 1752) was conducted. The surface of the Buddha statues is a gold foil, and the gold leaf layer consists of four layers. The gold leaf layer first composed on the molding clay was produced in the order of lacquer-fabrics-lacquer-gold foil. Subsequently, it was confirmed that the work was performed three times in the same way. The composition of the Buddha statues was divided into the head, body or upper body, lower body, and pedestal. The body was made in a cylindrical form by connecting vertically oriented wooden materials, and the head and lower body were also connected to the body in an empty form. Thus, the head, body, and lower body are grafted structures that are connected to a single Bokjang-gong. It was confirmed that the Clay Seated Vairocana Buddha Triad in Seonunsa Temple was made using wood materials for the basic form, after which the detailed form was created with molding clay, and the surface was finished with a process of layering gold foil and substances presumed to be lacquer.