• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2004

This study was prepared to investigate the correlation between Sasang constitutional groups and voice characteristics using voice analysis system(in this study, CSL). I focused on the voice characteristics in terms of harmonics, Formant frequency and Formant Bandwidth. The subjects were 71 males. I classified them into three groups, that is Soeumin group, Soyangin group and Taeumin group. The classification method of Constitution used two ways, QSCCII(Questionnarie for the Sasang Constitution Classification II) and Interview with a specialist in Sasang Constitution. So 71 people were categorized into 31 Soeumin(people), 18 Soyangin(people) and 22 Taeumin(people). Pitch is approximately similar to the fundamental frequency(F0) in voices. Shimmer in dB gives an evaluation of the period-to-period variability of the peak-to-peak amplitude within the analyzed voice sample. FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) method in CSL can display sampled voices into harmonics. H1 is the first peak and h2 is the second peak in the harmonics. The amplitude difference of h1 and h2(h1-h2) can be explained as the speaker's phonation type, And Formant frequency and bandwidth can be explained as the speaker's vocal tract. So I checked the harmonics and Formant frequency and Bandwidth as the voice parameters. First I have captured /e/ voices from all subjects using microphone. And then I analyzed /e/ voices with CSL. Power Spectrum and Formant History is the menu in the CSL which can display harmonics and Formant frequency and bandwidth. The results about the correlation between Sasang Constitutional Groups and voice parameters are as follows; 1. There is no significant amplitude difference of harmonics(h1-h2) among three groups. 2. There is the significant difference between Soeumin Group and Soyangin Group in Formant Frequency 1 and Formant Bandwidth 1(p<0.05). Any other parameters have no significance. I assume that Soyangin Group has clearer and brighter voice than Soeumin Group according to the Formant Bandwidth difference. And I think its result has coincidence with the context of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" and "Sasangimhejinam".

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.458-467
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• 1991

In this paper, the cause of linear prediction error is analysed and the theoretical basis for nomalizing the format bandwidth to 0is given and its validity is verified. The formant and bandwidth in relation to the position of the poles of AR filter are measured for an alaysis of the relation between the pole position and the formant bandwidth. By changing the glottis reflection coefficient to 1. the pole position and the formant bandwidth. By changing the glottis reflection coefficient to 1. the effect of the glottis is eliminated and as the result a new linear preiction coefficients are obtained by normalizing the formant bandwidth of the signal to 0. since these coefficients are symmetrical, the standard deviation is larger than the coefficients with fixed glottis reflection coefficient. The bit rate for speech coding can be reduced by a factor of 2 without any loss of information. Through computer simulation, recognition rate of 96.7% is botained by using the proposed algorithm in recognizing 5 Korean vowels in noisy environment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2014

This study measured formant bandwidths of profound hearing impaired children and examined the characteristics of their articulation. For this study, 10 cochlear implanted children(CI), 10 hearing aid children(HA) and 10 normal hearing children(NH) were asked to read 7 Korean vowels(/ɑ, ʌ, o, u, ɯ, i, ɛ/). The subjects' readings were recorded by NasalView and analyzed by Praat. The analysis of the formant bandwidths explains the degree of vocal fold opening and the characteristics of radiation. Through the analysis of formant bandwidth, we can see that the hearing-impaired maintain vocal fold tension when they speak high vowels and characteristics of radiation. Narrower B1 means better maintain vocal fold tension, wider B2 means more front and wider B3 means the rounder lips. CI's B1 was widest and NH's was narrowest. And females' B1 was wider than males'. Among vowels, B1 of /a/ was widest, and B1 of /i/ was narrowest. In the case of B2, HA and NH's B2 was wider than CI's. Females' B2 was wider than males'. And B2 of /i/ was widest, and B2 of /ʌ/ was narrowest. In the case of B3, NH's was widest, and CI's was narrowest. Males' was wider than females'. Among vowels, B3 of /o/ was widest, and B3 of /ɛ/ was narrowest. As a result, first, through the analysis of B1, we can find that NH and males could better maintain vocal fold tension than the hearing-impaired or females, and all children articulate /i/ with vocal fold tension than other vowels. Second, through the analysis of B2, NH and HA articulate vowels with the weaker rounded than CI does. And females articulate vowels with the weaker rounded than males do. Third, through the analysis of B3, NH articulate vowels with the rounder than HA or CI do, and males articulate vowels with the rounder than females do. Through the results, we can expect that the analysis of formant bandwidth will be applied to the therapy of articulation for the hearing-impaired with hearing aids or cochlear implant.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2001

Bandwidth and Pitch Range are very important in the area of distinguish of phone which is one of many areas of phonetics and distinguish the individual way of phone. So if each constitution has a trait in its phone, they are important to judge the constitutions. In this report we try to understand the relativity between constitutions and Formant Bandwidth, Pitch Range and the number of syllables in a minute which are important to distinguish the phone. And we try to make judging the constitutions objective. 1. We analyzed Formant Bandwidth and there are some differences between constitutions but it doesn't have any importance in the statistics. 2. We analyzed Pitch Range and there are some differences between constitutions but it doesn't have any importance in the statistics. 3. We analyzed the number of syllables in a minute and there are some differences between constitutions but it doesn't have any importance in the statistics. As mentioned above there are differences between constitutions in Formant Bandwidth, Pitch Range and the numbers of syllables in a minute, but they don't have any importance in the statistics. However if we increase the number of samples and remove noise, there will be great possibility to find some important meanings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1998

Nasal sounds include nasalized vowels and consonants. Nasal cavity is important for the acoustics of nasal sounds. Evaluating the effects of site-specific nasal obstruction on nasal sound will help us to understand the importance of nasal geometry for the nasal sound and to foretell voice change after nasal surgery This study was designed to analyze the change of nasality and formant characteristics of nasal sound by obstructing different sites around the ostiomeatal unit(OMU). Ten adult male and female volunteers participated. The nasal formants and bandwidths of nasal consonant /n/ were checked in various conditions of nasal obstruction. The nasalance of rabbit, baby, and mama passages were compared in each conditions. Nasalance of all passages decreased when anterior portion of OMU was obstructed. Center frequency of first nasal formant(NF1) of /n/ has decreased in the order of anterior, inferior obstruction. The bandwidth of NF1 decreased in female with anterior obstruction. Anterior portion of OMU is most critical to the change of nasality and acoustics of nasal consonant. When anterior portion of OMU is obstructed, the shift of NF1 to a lower frequency and the narrowing of NF1 bandwidth are the major acoustic changes of nasal consonant /n/.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.221-224
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• 1995

In speech signal processing, it is necessary to detect exactly the pitch. The algorithms of pitch extraction with have been proposed until now are difficult to detect pitches over wide range speech signals. In this paper, thus, we proposed a new pitch detection algorithm that used a low pass filter with variable bandwidth. It is the method that preprosses to find the first formant of speech signals by the FFT at each frame and detects the pitches for signals LPFed with the cut off frequency according to the first formant. Applying the method, we obtained the pitch contours, improving the accuracy of pitch detection in some noise environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 1978

This paper is a sequel of the previous paperl) on speech digitization and bandwidth compression techniques. Several recently developed vocoding techniques, that is, linear predictive coding (LPC), formant vocoding, residual excited linear prediction (RELP) vocoding, and adaptive predictive coding(APC) are discussed. Throughout the leaper emphasis is placed on the LPC approach that is presently the most promising technique in speech compression. In addition, current problems and possible solutions are discussed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2E
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• pp.8-13
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• 2000

In this paper, we present an adaptive formant tracking algorithm for speech using closed phase WRLS-VFF-VT method. The pitch synchronous closed phase methods is known to give more accurate estimates of the vocal tract parameters than the pitch asynchronous method. However the use of a pitch-synchronous closed phase analysis method has been limited due to difficulties associated with the task of accurately isolating the closed phase region in successive periods of speech. Therefore we have implemented the pitch synchronous closed phase WRLS-VFF-VT algorithm for speech analysis, especially for formant tracking. The proposed algorithm with the variable threshold(VT) can provide a superior performance in the boundary of phone and voiced/unvoiced sound. The proposed method is experimentally compared with the other method such as two channel CPC method by using synthetic waveform and real speech data. From the experimental results, we found that the block data processing techniques, such as the two-channel CPC, gave reasonable estimates of the formant/antiformant. However, the data windows used by these methods included the effects of the periodic excitation pulses, which affected the accuracy of the estimated formants. On the other hand the proposed WRLS-VFF-VT method, which eliminated the influence of the pulse excitation by using an input estimation as part of the algorithm, gave very accurate formant/bandwidth estimates and good spectral matching.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.11B
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• pp.1651-1658
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• 2010

As indicators of life quality have recently shown great improvement, early stage medical examination and health care patterns are usually preformed before diseases occur. Thus, hand acupuncture, as an alternative medicine to reflect these movements of preventative work and health care, is widely used these days. Therefore, in this paper, we measured the change of voice signals elements associated with heart by stimulating the heart A16 acupuncture point, and then we investigated possible improvements of cardiac function through analysis of cross-comparisons between measurements of cardiac changes. With this in mind, we collected voice samples associated with heart before and after stimulating the corresponding A16 acupuncture point, and we performed an experiment by applying the second formant bandwidth and Jitter. As result, stimulating the A16 acupuncture point results to lowering the second formant bandwidth and Jitter. The result has proven that using voice signal processing technology can help improvement of heart function.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1799-1802
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• 2002

This paper proposes an improved method for formant frequencies estimation based on the complex autocorrelation function of the speech signal. Instead of using the incoming signal as an input fur the LPC analysis, the analytic signal of the autocorrelation function of the speech signal is computed and itself used as an input for the LPC analysis. Due to the properties of the analytic signal, which occupies half of the bandwidth of the original signal, the required model order for the LPC analysis is halved. The accuracy of the proposed method in noisy environments is examined on five natural vowels. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by the estimated spectral shapes and the estimation errors of the formant frequencies.