• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2019

In a situation where production of short-term income forestry products has been stagnant or decreased in recent years, the government or related agencies are trying to promote consumption of short-term income forest products. While consumer sentiment studies on short-term income forestry are being conducted as part of efforts to encourage consumption, most of the studies rely solely on a survey-based method. In the information age, consumer sentiment toward consumer goods is reflected mostly on social networking sites due to the spread of the Internet. It is necessary to avoid relying solely on a survey-based method in existing research and directly analyze social networking sites that reflect consumers' wishes. In response, this study identified consumer preferences for major short-term income forest products through social big data analyses and used the results to establish strategies for promoting the sale of short-term income forest products. This paper is different from previous research using only a survey-based method, and it uses SNS to understand consumer preferences. The results of this study are expected to directly help the government or related agencies promote consumption of short-term income forest products and, ultimately, help improve forest-related income and promote healthy forest condition.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.357-377
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• 2010

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MAFF) of Japan established the aim which exports the agriculture, forestry and Fisheries products amounting to a trillion Yen until 2013 in 2004, endeavoring to realize the aim in strengthening both overseas publicity activities and domestic product system. Such changes means that the Japanese agriculture is exchanging defence into attack and gives a important meaning to our agricultures which have a similar agriculture base as Japan. The countermeasures for agricultural products export promotion by MAFF is greeting a 5th year now and obtains a considerable result in agricultural products exports and the export item. Meantime, There are also opinions that the Japanese agriculture has to make efforts to cut the product cost by a large margin in order to prepares a competitive power. we have to consider the counter-measure which will be able to accommodate harmoniously both of two facts that first, Japanese Export Promotion Strategy for agricultural products is giving a hope in the Japanese rural society which have been considered that remaking will be impossible until now, and secondly, the agricultural reform which the cutting of cost and price of agricultural products will be possible in has to be promoted.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2001

The study was carried out to suggest the development scheme of Forestry Association by the method of member's consciousness inclination analysis. The results are as follows ; 1. Most of Association members perceived the necessity for re-education about cooperative association, especially the research suitable to the characteristics of Korea Forestry. 2. 59.9% of members had negative response against revision of Forestry Association Law, and 39.5% of members had negative opinion about taking exclusive charge of forest working by Forestry Association, noting the need of immediate publicity activities for those charges. 3. Large number of members pointed out that the most serious problems for the management of private forest were the budgetary deficit and the lack of joint marketing system of forest products. 25.9% of members had complaints about the management of their own forests after joining the association. 4. 34.0% of members opposed Proxy Management and 48.8% of members wanted Portion Consignment System. 5. The analysis noted that due to increase of the aged in rural communities, it is necessary to establish Forestry Working Corps, which is under the control of the Government and Forestry Association to supply forestry labor in a appropriate time. 6. Most of Association members liked establishment of Special Association for each forest products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1470-1477
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• 2019

${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor (${\beta}_2-AR$) was expressed efficiently using Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System in Sf9 cells as a bio-recognition element for multianalyte screening of ${\beta}$-agonist residues in pork. Sf9 cells were selected as the expression system, and codon optimization of wild-type nucleic acid sequence and time-dependent screening of expression conditions were then carried out for enhancing expression level and biological activity. Under optimum conditions of multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 5 and 48 h post transfection, the protein yield was up to 1.23 mg/ml. After purification by chromatographic techniques, the purified recombinant protein was applied to develop a direct competitive enzyme-linked receptor assay (ELRA) and the efficiency and reliability of the assay was determined. The IC50 values of clenbuterol, salbutamol, and ractopamine were 28.36, 50.70, and $59.57{\mu}g/l$, and clenbuterol showed 47.61% and 55.94% cross-reactivities with ractopamine and salbutamol, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was $3.2{\mu}g/l$ and the relevant recoveries in pork samples were in the range of 73.0-91.2%, 69.4-84.6%, and 63.7-80.2%, respectively. The results showed that it had better performance compared with other present nonradioactive receptorbased assays, indicating that the genetically modified ${\beta}_2-AR$ would have great application potential in detection of ${\beta}$-agonist residues.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.287-298
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• 2021

Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior Jack) is a potential source of lignocellulose material for various derivative products. This study aims to determine the chemical components, ratio of syringyl to guaiacyl units (S/G) in lignin, and crystallinity of the biomass of torch ginger. The effects of soda pulping on the chemical characteristics of torch ginger pulp were also studied. Pulping of the chips was conducted with active alkali of 15%, 20%, and 25% and a Liquor-to-Wood (L/W) ratio of 4:1, 5:1, and 6:1. The impregnation and pulping times at maximum temperature (170℃) were 120 and 90 min, respectively. To assess the effect of treatments on the properties of pulping, a two-factorial experimental design was applied. Results showed that the content of α-cellulose and hemicellulose in the torch ginger was 48.48% and 31.50%, respectively, with an S/G ratio of 0.70 in lignin. Soda pulping changed the crystalline structure of the biomass from triclinic to monoclinic. Active alkali, L/W ratio, and interactions considerably influenced the observed responses. The degree of delignification increased with an increase in the loading of active alkali, which lead to a decrease in the kappa number of the pulp. An active alkali content of 25% and an L/W ratio of 6:1 resulted in the highest delignification selectivity with a kappa number of 2.78 and a yield of 24%. Given its cellulose content and ease of pulping, torch ginger can be a potential raw material for derivative products that require delignification as pretreatment. However, the increase in cellulose crystallinity should be considered when converting torch ginger to bioethanol.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.656-669
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• 2018

Tropical bamboo species, which have a very rapid growth rate, are considered as a promising non-timber forest product capable of exhibiting new functionality by carbonization technology. This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of carbonized bamboos from Andong (G. pseuudoarundinacea (Steudel) Widjaja), Hitam (G. atrovialacea), Tali (G. apus), Kuning (B. vulgaris Var. striata (Lodd. Ex Lindl)), and Ampel (B. vulgaris Scharad. ex Wendland), and Betung (D. asper). Each bamboo was carbonized at 200, 400, 600, 800, and $1,000^{\circ}C$, respectively, and their physical and anatomical characteristics were investigated. The result showed that the volume and weight of carbonized bamboo decreased with increasing carbonization temperature and showed the substantial changes of volume and weight between 200 and $400^{\circ}C$. The highest and the lowest density of carbonized samples were found in Ampel bamboo and Betung bamboo, respectively. The density of all carbonized bamboos tended to decrease after carbonization at 200 and $400^{\circ}C$ and relatively become constant afterwards. The carbonized bamboo prepared at 800 and $1,000^{\circ}C$ showed better refining degree. The results of the anatomical observation showed that the vascular diameter of carbonized bamboo decreased with increasing carbonization temperature, and the shrinkage in radial and tangential direction showed similar tendency. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant correlation between physical contraction and anatomical contraction. Based on the results of this study, comprehensive data about Indonesian bamboo charcoals could be obtained and it will be useful for future application studies.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2011

Thermal treatment techniques are used for modifying wood and wood-based materials to improve dimensional stability and hygroscopicity. This study investigated the effects of press pressure and temperature on density, vertical density profile, thickness swelling and surface hardness of eucalyptus wood boards. The experimental wood boards were prepared from Turkish River Gum ($Eucalyptus$ $camaldulensis$ Dehn.). The surface hardness value increased with increasing press pressure in the treated groups. The application of a higher pressure at the same temperature level increased the amount of swelling of wood. It means that it is not needed for application of higher pressure to enhance the dimensional stability of wood. It is expected that it is possible to produce increased hardness, dimensional stability and durability by application of hot pressing treatment. This research showed that different press pressure and temperature values should be used to improve the performance properties of eucalyptus wood so that the end-use of the wood materials could be expanded.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2018

Natural fibers derived from lignocellulosic materials are considered to be more environment-friendly than petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Several natural fibers, such as seedpod fibers, have a potential for development, including kapok and balsa fibers. The characteristics of both fibers were evaluated to determine their suitability for specific valuable applications. The purpose of this study was to analyze some important fundamental properties of kapok and balsa fibers, including their dimensions, morphology, chemical components, and wettability. The results showed that the average fiber lengths for kapok and balsa were 1.63 and 1.30 cm, respectively. Kapok and balsa fibers had thin cell walls and large lumens filled with air. The kapok fiber was composed of 38.09% ${\alpha}-cellulose$, 14.09% lignin, and 2.34% wax content, whereas the balsa fiber was composed 44.62% ${\alpha}-cellulose$, 16.60% lignin, and 2.29% wax content. The characteristics of kapok and balsa fibers were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The contact angle of the distilled water on kapok and balsa fibers was more than $90^{\circ}$, indicating that both fibers are hydrophobic with low wettability properties because of to the presence of wax on the fiber surface.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.618-630
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• 2020

Muna teakwood, especially from old stands, has been popular as raw material for timber industries in Indonesia for the past ten decades. Due to the scarcity of this wood, superior-grown seedlings of Muna teakwood have been developed and widely planted. Since there is no information on its characteristics, therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate wood characteristics of the 8-year-old superior-grown teak from Muna Island to ensure their proper utilization as raw material for wooden furniture. Wood discs and boards from basal area of three different trees were used as the samples. Macroscopic and microscopic anatomical characteristics were observed following the IAWA's list, while their physical-mechanical properties were measured following British Standard 373-57. Results showed that anatomical characteristics of this wood sample are similar to regular teakwood, but its heartwood portion is higher. Differences among trees are found in regards to wood texture, growth ring width, as well as early and latewood portion. The green moisture content was lower than that of fast-growing teak of a similar age. The wood is more stable than the old teakwood, but its specific gravity is lower. In general, mechanical properties of this wood were higher than those of the regular fast-growing teakwood, but lower than the old one. Based on its specific gravity, this superior Muna teakwood was categorized as a Strength Class of III. The wood is suitable enough for wooden furniture manufacturing.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2024

This study aimed to analyze the anti-termite properties of tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) stem bark extracts against subterranean termites, specifically, Coptotermes curvignathus. The bark powder of C. inophyllum was extracted using different solvents, such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, using the maceration method. Anti-termite testing was performed using two paper disc methods: no- and two-choice tests. Whatman test paper was dripped with the extract solutions at concentrations of 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% (w/v). Subsequently, the treated paper disc was placed into an acrylic tube, and the subterranean termite was added. The parameters utilized in the test included termite mortality and the weight loss of the test paper. The results revealed that the total extract yield of C. inophyllum stem bark was 30.24%. Furthermore, the extractive substances from C. inophyllum bark exhibited anti-termite activity. The most favorable outcomes were obtained with the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts at a concentration of 10%. The termite mortality and weight loss of the test paper were respectively 66% and 5.67% for the n-hexane extract and 66.67% and 6.19% for the ethyl acetate extract. In addition, the n-hexane extract contained friedelan-3-one, while the ethyl acetate extract contained 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, dinonyl ester, and friedelan-3-one. The results suggested that these compounds are responsible for the observed anti-termite activity.