• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.21-25
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• 2009

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2013

Since pursuing the pleasant life for people, there is an increase of desire to appreciate outstanding scenery with the difference in certain level for perception and understanding of human on landscaping, However, the quality of landscaping has become artificial with the pleasance to be declining due to the urbanization. This study was applied at the site around High One Resort area in Gohan-eup, Jeongseon-gun Gangwon-do for analyzing the areas sensitive to the landscaping change as well as degree of requirement for landscape management for forest landscape management with the focus on presenting the zoning method and the management class classification method. Even if the forest is the same, the function of it is different depending on land use or what resource is placed that the forestry function is found out to present the management plan for each forestry function in the subject site and the result of the management grade classification is analyzed in overlapping to the forestry function level. As a result, from the landscaping management requirement and visual absorption analysis, the result formulated for upper, middle and lower zones to classify the final forestry landscape management degree into 1-4 grades and the management plan is presented on the respective 1-4 grade area for each forestry function. By applying the technique to set the management grade, it was possible to formulate the result to provide the means for integrated management in consideration of the forestry function and management of forestry landscape and resources.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.180-194
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• 1996

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 산림경영협업체(山林經營協業體)의 산림작업(山林作業)을 담당하기 위하여 1984년(年)부터 협업경영지도소별(協業經營指導所別)로 조직된 산림경영협업체작업단(山林經營協業體作業團)의 문제점과 앞으로의 과제를 밝히고자 수행하였다. 울산군(蔚山郡) 4개(個) 산림경영협업체작업단(山林經營協業體作業團) 단원(團員) 33명(名)과 진안군(鎭安郡) 1개(個) 산림경영협업체작업단(山林經營協業體作業團) 단원(團員) 10명(名)을 대상으로 1993년(年) 7월(月)과 8월(月) 사이에 직접 설문에 의한 조사를 실시 분석하였다. 그 결과, 충분한 산림작업량(山林作業量)을 확보하지 못하여 거의 활동하고 있지 않는 작업단(作業團)이 존재하고 있었으며, 그 때문에 임업기술교육(林業技術敎育)을 받은 작업단원(作業團員)의 전직(轉職)이 많아, 숙련(熟練)에 의한 효율적(效率的)인 산림작업(山林作業)이 저해되고 있는 실정이었다. 정부(政府)는 전업적노동자(專業的勞動者) 중심의 작업단(作業團) 육성에 중점을 두고 있으나, 작업단(作業團) 육성에는 지역의 노동력시장(勞動力市場), 농임업구조(農林業構造), 노동력구성(勞動力構成), 임금수준(賃金水準), 산림작업량등(山林作業量等)이 고려되어져야 한다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2008

Forestry education in vocational high schools is one of the fundamental keys for achieving sustainable forest management. However, support systems for forestry education have not been well developed in Japan. Forest research institutes, which have accumulated relevant information, should have sufficient ability to develop new educational programs in this field. This study examined the possibility of support systems for forestry technical education by a research institute. Educational programs for vocational high schools were developed, and the programs were examined for their practical applications through a workshop for these teachers. We set the following five requirements for the programs: They should 1) incorporate new contents related to sustainable forest management, 2) be based on forestry education textbooks, 3) meet recent demands of the schools and society, 4) allow participants to learn through actual practice and experience, and 5) utilize readily available teaching materials. With these criteria, we developed the following two educational programs: (a) Forest management program to teach advanced techniques, (b) A timber-program to teach about biomass resources. The workshop was held on July $28^{th}$, 2007 with ten teachers attending. The programs were very interesting, who gave them high average evaluation of 4.6 on a scale of 1 to 5. Only a few issues need to be resolved before classroom instruction can begin, such as making wood structure easier to understanding for some teachers, and obtaining base maps of school forests. In conclusion, forest research institutes can effectively support forestry education by providing and implementing programs based on scientific information.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.525-535
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• 1995

대규모의 벌채, 경제수 조림, 생태계의 부적절한 보존등 서구의 산업화된 삼림경영은 환경론자들과 생태학자와 보존론자들의 거센 반발에 부딪치고 있다. 환경이 급격히 파괴되어 가고 있음에 따라 삼림경영 방침도 바뀌어져야 한다는 생태학자들의 목소리가 높아지고 있다. 지역적 임업, 사회적 임업, 자작농임업(自作農林業) 등 여러 가지 이름으로 불리는 임업 즉 지속적으로 생태계를 보호하려는 오래된 임업 경영 방법이 최근에 관심을 끌고 있다. 자연 자원을 조직적으로 경영하지 못하는 이러한 전통적인 형태의 삼림 경영 방법은 오래 전부터 많은 나라에서 수행되어 왔으나 지역사회의 필요와 생태계의 역할을 확실하게 이해함으로써 보다 높은 생산력을 올릴 수 있는 토지 이용 방법을 찾을 수 있게 될 것이다. 혼농임업경영의 성격은 지리적 위치, 규모, 사회적 또는 지역적 구조와 요구에 따라 매우 다양하다. 이 논문은 혼농임업 경영이 산업적 삼림 경영보다 경제적 생산력은 낮을지 모르나 생태계를 보호하고 생산을 지속적으로 유지하는데 훨씬 유리한 방법이라는 것을 밝혀냈다. 산업적 삼림 경영은 처음에는 혼농임 경영보다 높은 생산력을 얻을 수 있을지 모르나 시간이 갈수록 생태적인 파괴 때문에 지속적인 생산성이 저하하게 될 것이다. 전통적인 경제 분석법을 조사해 볼 때 삼림과 관련된 많은 사회, 환경적 비용을 계상 하지 않았음을 알 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 관리가 잘된 혼농임업은 지속적으로 생태계를 보존하는 문제와 경제적인 이득을 얻는 문제간에 균형을 잡을 수 있다는 것이 논의되었다. 즉 혼농임업에 대한 자가농임업(自家農林業)개발의 종합적 모델을 농업, 임업 및 환경 부분의 서비스를 상호 연결시킨 협력 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권3호통권39호
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• pp.171-190
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• 1990

It is the purpose of this study to address how to manage the urban vegitation using the concept of Urban Forestry which is relatively new to Korea. When we consider the Urban Forestry as a science, We should understand it interdisciplinary subject which includes Forestry, Horticulture, Urban Planning, Landscape Design, Landuse Planning, Business and Humanities. It may say that people and tree are the fundermental components of Urban Forestry. So there are two ways of Urban Forestry Applications-How people care for trees and How trees care for People-. For the application, this study places the focus on the monetary valuation, tree inventory system and traditional forestry application to urban forest management. Pubic Relation, Communication, Ordinances and Budget are also mentioned as a part of Urban Forestry Policy. Monetary valuation of trees and forests is very important for the proper cognition of their real value. So that, they may be equated and weighed against conflicting uses which would cause to be removed or severely mutilated. A tree inventory system which is the essential part of urban tree management can provide the pertinent information about the present condition of urban tree resource. It may aid in reducing the subjectivity of tree management decisions and stimulate them to be made rapidly and can help reduce potential municipal liability by identifying serious problems in time for corrective maintenance practices to be applied for the maximize community benefits and minimimize public nuisances or hazards. Managers can derive the information from the inventory and use it for the various management plan. When we see the structure of tree inventory system as one of the data base management system, Computer is the best equipment for the efficient management plan. Public relation and communication is also important factors to care the people for urban vegetation management. Volunteer management system is a good example for the public relation and communication. Those skills are need to develop for using the priceless, valuable human resources. Budget holds the key to the execution of Urban Forestry. Good inventory can provide for efficient budgeting stratiges through it's scientific analysis for the way of maximum benefits and minimum costs. Forest can be play a vital role for the aesthetic improvement and recreation in the city. This study suggests that the traditional sivicultural application not only improve the quality of scenic beauty and recreation but also the products of timber. So it is more needed to study for strong and scientific application to urban forest management.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2007

본 연구는 임업노동력 현황과 양성방안을 분석하여 향후 임업노동력의 확보 및 임업기계화의 활성화 등을 위한 정책방안의 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 수행하였다. 산림작업 종별 총 고용인원과 인건비는 매년 조금씩 증가하고 있는 추세이나 벌채 총 고용인력은 오히려 감소하고 있으며, 전문 기계화작업단 구성과 오퍼레이터의 양성이 필요하겠다. 현재 임업현장의 중심적인 활동을 펴고 있는 영림단의 수와 단원수가 해매다 늘어나고 있고 연간 작업일수와 소득도 늘어나고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 기능인영림단의 월평균 작업일수가 15일로 연간 작업일수가 180일에 불과하였다. 우리나라의 연간 총 숲가꾸기 사업량을 중심으로 기능인영림단 및 단원수를 산출한 결과, 약 349개의 기능인영림단이 필요하고 이에 따른 기능인영림단 1개당 단원수를 12명으로 적용했을 경우, 전체 기능인영림단의 단원수는 약 4,185명이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 우리나라의 연간 목재 생산량을 중심으로 타워야더형 임목수확작업시스템을 적용하여 적정 기계화영림단 및 단원수를 산출한 결과, 250개의 기계화영림단이 필요하고 기계화영림단당 단원수를 5명으로 적용했을 경우, 전체 기계화영림단의 단원수는 1,250명이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.169-183
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• 2020

Nigrospora is a monophyletic genus belonging to Apiosporaceae. Species in this genus are phytopathogenic, endophytic, and saprobic on different hosts. In this study, leaf specimens with disease symptoms were collected from host plants from the Shandong Peninsula, China. The fungal taxa associated with these leaf spots were studied using morphology and phylogeny based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB2 gene regions. In this article, we report on the genus Nigrospora with N. gorlenkoana, N. oryzae, N. osmanthi, N. rubi, and N. sphaerica identified with 13 novel host associations including crops with economic importance such as bamboo and Chinese rose.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2001

본 연구는 산림조합 조합원의 의식성향 분석을 통하여 산림조합의 발전방안을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면, (1) 산림조합 조합원은 협동조합 교육의 필요성을 느끼고 있었으며, 특히 한국의 임업특성에 맞는 협동조합 연구가 이루어지기를 바라고 있었다. (2) 산림조합법 개정에 대하여 조합원의 59.9%, 산림조합이 국가 산림사업의 전담기관화에 대하여 39.5%가 부정적인 견해를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타나, 이에 대한 홍보가 시급한 것으로 조사되었다. (3) 조합원은 사유림 경영상의 가장 큰 문제점으로 운영예산의 부족과 임산물 공동판매망 등을 지적하였다. 또한 조합가입후 자신의 산림경영에 대하여 25.9%가 불만을 가지고 있었다. (4) 사유림 활성화를 위한 제도적 장치인 대리경영제에 대해서는 34.0%가 반대하고 있었으며, 대리경영제의 방식에 있어서는 48.8%가 부분위탁을 원하고 있었다. (5) 농산촌의 노령화에 따라 산림작업단의 육성이 필요한 것으로 조사되었고, 산림작업단은 국가나 산림조합에서 육성하여 적기에 임업노동을 공급해 주기를 바라고 있었다. (6) 산림조합의 조합원들은 품목별 전문조합의 설립을 필요로 하고 있었다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제2권
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• pp.42-55
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• 1984

The direction of scientific researches on tree improvement and forest management in several universities and research institutes in Japan can be summarized as follows: They put a great emphasis on sugi, Cryptomeria japonica and cypress, Chamaecyparus oblusa which are two major conifer species largerly planted in the Japanese forestry. In the research of sugi, a great concern has been made in evaluating inheritance of forest tree, quantitative characters and genetic parameter of growth, and in breeding for resistance to diseases and insects and to all the natural calamities. Interaction between environmental conditions and genetic nature of tree can be concerned factors in relation with forest damage, together with silvicultural conditions and pest infestation. Selfing hybrids of $F_1$ made from crossing twisted-leaf sugi, defomity leaf type and midori sugi, normal leaf type segregated the normal needle, twisted needle, green leaf and albino leaf type. It seemed that separation of many defomity individuals can be governed by two dominant complementary genes and from the near loci of which it was detected lethal genes. 52% of Japanese forestry is occupied by the small forest landowners like Korean forestry. This made difficulty for forest improvement such as progressive afforestation and for capital accumulation form forestry. The Forest Corporation was established at first in 1959 to aming at productive forestry structure and forest management, and afforestation. For these purpose, 35 Forest Corporations are at moment operating throughout Japan. However, investment in forestry business becomes less attractive since the wage in forest production duction increased in higher trend. than timber price. Therefore, an artifical afforestation becomes yearly decreased. At present. the self-sufficient rate of timber production in Japan is about 35%, and so a great effort is being made to increase self-sufficient rate of timber production.