• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.623-629
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• 2011

The detectable levels and population fluctuations of phytoplasmas infecting dwarf mulberry trees were investigated using nested-PCR and competitive-PCR methods. Samples of five different types were studied : A. petiole of a leaf that displays dwarf symptoms, B. petiole from apparently healthy leaf residing on a branch also supports a leaf with dwarf symptoms, C. the branch portion that supports a leaf with dwarf symptoms, D. the leaf petiole from healthy appearing leaves on branch with no dwarf symptoms, and branch portion of branch with no dwarf symptoms, E. the rootlets of trees with dwarf symptoms. These 5-parts were collected from each tree during June - April, once in every two months. The phytoplasma was detected from all parts of collected mulberry samples during all seasons using nested-PCR with AS-1/AS-2 primer pairs. The phytoplasma was detected until $10^4$ dilution using direct-PCR method, but it was detected until $10^{13}$ dilution by the nested-PCR method. The density of pytoplasma was found to be $7.94{\times}10^{18}-10^{12}copies/{\mu}L$ in mulberry trees. The density of phytoplasma was observed throughout the year in all samples of mulberry trees. The highest rates of phytoplasma was found in the samples B and C during the early growing season followed by the sample A and D during the dormant season. Samples C and E displayed the highest phytoplasma density followed sample D. The density of phytoplasma appeared stable during all the seasons for samples C and A. The result of the present study demonstrates the utility of nested-PCR and competitive-PCR for detection and determination of population fluctuations of phytoplasmas in plant tissues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2007

Nowadays, as a result of increasing income and spare time, the social demands for better living environment become more increasing. Above all, landscape improvement, the essential part of physical environment, will be a more important subject in urban planning. In these circumstances, classification of urban scenic quality is required for urban landscape development programs. The major purpose of this study is to suggest a technical method of designing urban scenic quality map for urban district area based on the scenery management system of the USDA forest service and literature studies. As a conclusion of this study, four steps are desirable for the technical method for designing a scenic quality map of urban districts areas : 1) Define a landscape unit on the map, 2) Take a photograph of these landscape unit on site, 3) Evaluate the landscape unit by semantic differential scale with landscape adjectives, and 4) Draw the scenic quality map, investigate the landscape characteristics and suggest the landscape scenic development plans.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.718-725
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• 2013

Components extracted from 7 species and 18 populations of Chrysosplenium in Korea were compared and analyzed using GC-MS analysis. 57 components (${\geq}80%$ quality) were identified, of which neophytadiene, palmitic acid and phytol were found at all the taxa. Percentage composition of isolated extracts showed a clear difference in components type and GC-MS profile. On the basis of that result, data matrix was made and cluster analysis using UPGMA was conducted. From the result of cluster analysis, two groups were recombined; one with alternate leaves comprised C. japonicum in Ser. Alternifolia and C. flagelliferum in Ser. Flagellifera and the other with opposite leaves gradationally comprised C. psuedofauriei in Ser. Sinica, C. ramosum in Ser. Oppositifolia and C. sphaerospermum, C. valdepilosum, C. flaviflorum in Ser. Pilosa. These chemotaxonomic results agreed in general with those of existing studies on external morphology and molecular. In conclusion, chemical composition can be an useful characters in understanding the relation analysis among interspecific and intraspecific complex with the help of cluster analysis of 7 species and 18 populations of Chrysosplenium in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.309-313
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• 2008

In a cultivated field of Salicornia europae in the Jeonam Province, Korea, Scrobipalpa salinella (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) which feeds and leads to a serious damage was found. The discovery of this species is to reconfirm its distribution in Korea because the first report by Park and Ponomarenko (2006) was based on a single female and it was collected in a montane area far from seaside where its host plants, halophytes, are planted. For identification, photos of imago and genitalia are given, and the damage by larvae on Salicornia europae are noted.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.211-233
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• 2001

The aim of the present paper is to improve on branding problems of agricultural and livestock products in Korea by analyzing the statistical data which is present status of agricultural and livestock products published by ministry of agricultural and forest. To achieve the objective, raised 5 points at issue. Thus, the improvement schemes suggested from marketing point of view. And above issues are also discussed in the context of marketing mix. Then, the marketing strategy was developed which will apply branding management. The findings in this study is building a brand marketing system urgently fitted Korean style. For this project success, establishing event marketing and customer service department is necessary centering local National Agricultural Cooperative Federation(Nonghyup). Also needed education about brand knowledge to the people working for agricultural allied industries.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1087-1095
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• 2005

Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai called 'Sum-Hyun Sam' growing about 1m in high is a perennial plant of Scrophulariaceae. Because the number of these species is very limited in the world, the Ministry of Environment has appointed S. takesimensis as a preserved plant. The Korea Forest Service also protects it strictly by the law since S. takesimensis is an out-of-the-way plant and possible to be exterminated soon in Korea. Investigation for distribution and ecological characteristics of the habitat far S. takesimensis was carried out in Ulleung-do Island. S. takesimensis has a tendency to emerged with Calystegia soldanella Roem. et Schultb. and Artemisia japonica subsp. littoricola Kitam. C. soldanella community were developed on the dry and well-lighted as east or north facing conditions. A. japonica subsp. littoricola community have tendency to developed on the properly lighted as west or north facing and well maintained soil or air humidity. C. soldanella community were developed on the sandy gravel or gravel and grew with Farfugium japonicum, (L.) Kitam., Lonicera japonica Thunb., and Peucedanum japonicum Thunb.. A japonica subsp. littoricola communities were emerged on the rock beds or pile of rocks and grew with Sedum oryzifolium Makino, Sedum takesimense Nakai, and Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the monitoring experience of nursing students and to suggest considerations when developing mentoring programs. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted by online surveys and individual interviews with 7 nursing students who participated in the health promotion program as mentors. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify motives for participating in mentoring and to explore their changes through mentoring. Results: The results were as follows: Motives for participating were 'inquisitiveness about children', 'interest in mentoring activities' and 'curiosity about research'. Recognition of mentor roles were 'actively involved guide', 'exemplary role model' and 'empathetic emotional supporter'. Changes through mentoring experiences were revealed by 'understanding the characteristics of children', 'improvement of interaction ability with children', 'understanding self and changes' and 'recognition of excellence in forest activities'. Conclusion: Nursing students had opportunities to learn the characteristics of general children and to understand themselves through natural interaction. Participation in mentoring has the potential to be a creative educational method of field learning as a form of service learning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.32-38
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• 1999

This paper search the difference between the village groves for enclosing and the village groves for rest in Chinan-Kun region. Both charged 72.5%(37 groves) of all(51 groves). The form of village groves for rest was various, but that of those for enclosing was linear. The average area of village groves for enclosing was 2,755.4$m^2$ and that of those for rest was 661.2$m^2$. So village groves for enclosing was 4.2 times larger than that of those for rest. In function of village groves, it was identified that function of complementing vacant part was more important than of rest in human settlement region. In the transformation of village groves, the village groves for enclosing were transformed into other productive use than those for rest. Although the worship service were performed annually in the past, that were almost disappeared in present. The forest state of village groves were almost deciduous ones. In vegetation structure, the number of upper trees of village groves for enclosing was 5 times more than that of those for rest. In average appearing rate of upper trees, the village groves for enclosing was 2 times more than that of those for rest. The most principal dominent species of both in upper trec was Zelkova serrata. The species showing highly appearing rate of upper trees were Zelkova serrata, Carpinus tschonoskii, Celtis sinensis, Qercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata, Salix glandulosa. etc.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.251-266
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• 1990

Extrafloral nectaries have been shown in many studies to promote mutualistic interactions between plants and insects(usually ants) that visit the glands. The insects gain sugars, water and amino acids secreted by the extrafloral nectaries and benefit the plants by reducing the damage caused by plant's inseet herbivores. Little is known about the occurrence of extrafloral nectaries in plants growing in Asia. To learn about the occurrence of extrafloral nectary bearing plants in Korea, living plants and herbarium material were examined for the glands. In addition, the cover of plants with extrafloral nectaries and the proportion of woody plants with extrafloral nectaries were measured in three forest communities on Kangwha Island. 131 species of plants belonging to 53 genera and 30 families were found to have extrafloral nectaries. These 131 species comprise about 4.0% of Korea's flora, a highet percentage of extrafloral nectary bearing plants than occurs in the studied areas of North America. Extrafloral nectary bearing plants occupied 7, 23 and 55% of the covers and comprised 15, 21 and 15% of the woody plants in the three different forests, a significant level of occurrence. Many important Korean crop plants were found to have extrafloral nectaries including : sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam), persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cotton (Gossypium indicum Lam.), mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.), red bean (Phaseolus angularis W.F.), peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch.), plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Many of these cultivated and wild plants may receive protection by ants and other beneficial insects that visit their extrafloral nectaries.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.782-787
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• 2006

A new protein was cloned and identified as the sixth subunit of Choristoneura fumiferana origin recognition complex (CfORC6). The newly identified 43 kDa protein CfORC6 is much bigger than DmORC6 (25.7 kDa) and HsORC6 (28.1 kDa), though it's 23.85% identical to DmORC6 and 23.81% identical to HsORC6. Although the molecular weight of CfORC6 is close to ScORc6 (50 kDa), CfORC6 is only 14.03% identical to ScORC6. By alignment, it was found that the N-terminal of CfORC6 has about 30% identities with other ORC6s, but about 100aa of C-terminal of CfORC6 has no identity with other ORC6s. Like ScORC6, CfORC6 has many potential phosphorylation sites, (S/T)PXK. Like DmORC6, CfORC6 has leucine-rich region in the relevant site. Northern Blot showed that CfORC6 mRNA is about 2,000nt. Southern Blot confirmed that there is one copy of CfORC6 gene in spruce budworm genome. Western blot showed that infection of Cf124T cells with CfMNPV didn't affect the expression levels of CfORC6, at least up to 26 hr post infection.