• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 1975

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.255-276
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• 2015

This paper presents a multi-agent system model of land-use and cover changes, which is developed and applied to the Gariwang-san and its vicinity, located in Pyeongchang and Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon province, Korea. The Land Use Dynamics Simulator (LUDAS) framework of this study is well suited for representing the spatial heterogeneity and dynamic interactions between human and natural environment, and capturing the impacts of forest-opening policy interventions to future socio-economic and natural environment changes. The model consists of four components: (1) a system of human population, (2) a system of landscape environment, (3) decision-making procedures integrating human(or household), environmental and policy information into forest land-use decisions, and (4) a set of policy scenarios that are related to the forest-opening. The results of model simulation by different combination of various forest management scenarios are assessed by the levels of household income, ecosystem service value and income inequality in the study region. As a result, the optimal scenario of forest-opening policies in the study region is to open the forest to local residential community for the purpose of recreation, considering the distinctive topographical feature. The model developed in this research is expected to contribute to a decision support system for sustainable forest management and various land-use policies in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1965

In this study, the present institution of reserved forests in Korea has been criticized through the analysis of the present situation of reserved forests in Korea, and mainly, on designation and cancellation of them because of this important institution thought as restriction of forest ownership. Reserved forest land in Korea as of the end of 1962 is 996,915 chungbo in area, or about 14.8% of the total forest land area, 6,750,324 chungbo in Korea, and we can find that the area of reserved forest land has increased remarkably since the Liberation in 1945, in comparison with about 180,000 chungbo-a little over 1% of the total forest land area, 16,000,000 chungbo, through Southern and Northern Korea till the Liberation in 1945. This fact clearly proves that Korean forests are extremely devastated since the Liberation in 1945, and in Korea we can find that reserved forest policy is very important in forest policy, consequently, reserved forest institution must be dealt with care. Moreover, the area of reserved forest land, 996,915 chungbo, which is divided into 43,820 chungbo of national forest land, 59,302 chungbo of public forest land, 893,793 chungbo of private forest land, and private forest land is excellently large, or about 89.7% of the total area of reserved forest land. In this number, we may understand the fact that reserved forests have the most influences on private forests, therefore, we may recognize that it is necessary for reserved forest constitution which is infringement of private right to be carried out carefully. From the first beginning, the institution of reserved forests is serious restriction to the forest ownership. Consequently, when the area of reserved forest land grows, it interferes seriously with the free forest management and the desire for forest own ership is decreased, at the same time, forest enterprise results in obstruction. Especially, Korean forests are destroyed extremely at present, so, intensification of reserved forest institution is unavoidable for completion of the national aim which forests have, but the author thinks that reserved forest institution must be as avoidable as possible, and we have to obtain good results by supervision of forest management which is regulated in the Forest Law. Consequently, designation of reserved forests must be minimized, and although forests were already designated as reserved forests they must be cancellated as fast as fast as possible and put them free in the owner's hands when they are in cancellation conditions. According to the provision of Article 18 of the Forest Law concrete cases designated as a reserved forest are enumerated for the purpose of maintaining the forest ownership and avoiding to give the forest authorities a free hand in order to protect forest owners from one-sided damage. Therefore, the forest authorities must not abuse the institution of reserved forests, and it is not good tendency to give only the authorities a free hand in eesignation and cancellation of reserved forests, and especially, when the forest owners object to that, establishing some legal organization like the reserved forest council in each province in order to hear about impartial opinions, and it is more suitable than administrative disposal by the same organization. The compensation of damages for reserved forests by the provision of Article 25 of the Forest Law is a different problem by forest policy, but the results of compensation of damages regulated in the Forest Law are wholly lacking up to now, the author thinks that this is caused to poor forest cover, the forest owner's unconcern and insincerity of administrative authorities. Therefore, the government must enlarge the range of compensation and minimize the forest owner's economic sacrifice, also, the government must mollify the conditions of the legal restrictions to reserved forests, and harmonize with functions of national conservation and economy. This means that it is necessary to modify the restrictive conditions for the effective utilization of forest resources within the range in which can be attained the purpose of designation, from permanent prohibition of cutting. Except the reserved forests of fish habitat, public sanitation, maintaining scenery and navigational mark ect., most of reserved forests are prohibited from cutting, and the present situation of forests in Korea are extremely devastated and those forests are not so expected in cancellation possibility in near future. Therefore, when the forest owners apply for national purchase of those reserved forests, the government had better nationalize them, protect and manage to reduce the forest owner's economic sacrifice.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.10-22
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• 2022

Forest biomass energy is based on scientific evidence in response to carbon neutrality and the climate crisis, international consensus, and environmental-geographic characteristics of each nation. In this study, the authors aimed to analyze macroscopic forest biomass energy policies for ten major countries. They categorized them into six detailed categories (Sustainable utilization, Cascading Uutilization, Replacement of fossil fuel/Carbon intensive products, Utilization of forest by-products/residues as the source of energy, Contribution to carbon-neutral/climate change, and Biomass combined with CCS/CCUS ). In addition, the surveyed nations have developed a policy consensus on the active use of forest biomass with sustainable forest management except for the cascading utilization category. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the mid to long-term plans of the Korean government for improvements in the policy and legal aspects. As a result, the authors derived four major directions that South Korea should approach strategically in the future (1) secure financial resources for sustainable forest management and stimulating investment in the timber industry, (2) promote unified policies to establish a bio-economy, (3) enhancement of the forest biomass energy system, and (4) reorganization and promotion of strategy centered on the opinions of field experts in internal and external instability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2018

Terpenoids have a wide range of biological functions and have extensive applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and flavoring industry. The white-rot fungus, Polyporus brumalis, is able to synthesize terpenoids via terpene synthase, which catalyzes an important step that forms a large variety of sesquiterpene products from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). To improve the production of sesquiterpenes, the terpene synthase gene was isolated from Polyporus brumalis and was heterologously transformed into a Pichia pastoris strain. The open reading frame of the isolated gene (approximately 1.2 kb) was inserted into Pichia pastoris to obtain a recombinant enzyme. Five transformants were obtained and the expression of terpene synthase was analyzed at the transcript level by reverse transcription PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and at the protein level by SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Expression of the terpene synthase gene product was elevated in the transformants and as expected the molecular weight of the protein was approximately 45 kDa. These recombinant enzymes have potential practical applications and future studies should focus on their functional characterization.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

This study analyzed the anticipated supply-and-demand of forest biomass energy (through wood pellets) until 2050, in South Korea. Comparing the utilization rates of forest resources of five countries (United Kingdom, Germany, Finland, Japan, and S. Korea), it was found that S. Korea does not nearly utilize its forest resources for energy purposes. The total demand for wood pellets in S. Korea (based on a power generation efficiency of 38%) was predicted to be 3,629 and 4,371 thousand tons in 2034 and 2050, respectively. The anticipated total wood pellet power generation ratio to target power consumption is 1.13% (5,745 GWh), 1.17% (6,336 GWh), and 1.25% (7,631 GWh) in 2020, 2030, and 2050, respectively. Low value-added forest residues left unattended in forests are called "Unused Forest Biomass" in S. Korea. From the analysis, the total annual potential amount of raw material, sustainably collectible amount, and available amount of wood pellet in 2050 were estimated to be 6,877, 4,814, and 3,370 thousand tons, respectively. The rate of contribution to Nationally Determined Contributions was up to 0.64%. Through this study, the authors found that forest biomass energy will contribute to a carbon neutral society in the near future at the national level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.462-472
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• 2014

This study is aimed at developing a supply-demand model of wood products, and outlook for mid-term and long-term supply and demand for each products. The main wood products include sawnwood, plywood, particle board, fiberboard (MDF), and pulp. The partial equilibrium model is composed of supply function, import demand function, demand function, price relation function. With given parameters the outlook for year 2050 says that sawnwood, plywood, and fiberboard for domestic productions and imports are decreased. This may result from the increase of log prices from the inside and outside of the country because of the propensity for environment protection and the resource nationalism. On the other hand the supply of particle board and pulp will increase because they are made from wasted wood and chips.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2002

This is a comparative study on environmental education curricula in the forest sciences of korean and german universities. The purpose of this study is to identify the developmental process, structure and content of environmental education(EE) explained by the forest sciences curricula from the two countries and to offer a simultaneous comparison, focusing on the four social variables and seven criteria of comparability in environmental education curricula. For the purpose of this study, the cross-disciplinary approach of George Z. F Bereday was employed. Environmental education curricula of two countries was analysed in the social context through the four phases of comparative procedure; the description, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison. EE has been taught in the forest sciences of Korea and Germany since the middle 1990s. In forest sciences of two countries, EE was developed in relation to social needs and considered as a form of forest policy. Both korean and german forest sciences curricula include EE for the students to understand the theories and practices of EE as the application of the forest science. In process of EE, the students of two countries develop EE programs. German curricula have more seminars and practices than korean curricula. And various experts participate in education programs. The forest sciences of Korea focus on Environmental Interpretation which raises the quality of visitors' experiences in forest recreation. Contacting with nature(lived experiences) is a important factor in Korean EE. On the other hand, the forest sciences of Germany focus on forest education as a form of public relations and also as a form of EE. In Germany, there are various approaches to forest education; philosophy, ethics, psychology, natural science, forest policy, forest history, education and so on. Forest education includes the multiple levels.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the current situation of the logging operation system and to suggest an effective policy plan to secure important raw materials for the use of forest biomass. The dissemination of forestry mechanization and the establishment of the logging operation are important tasks to establish a system and reduce costs of timber production by increasing the use of forest biomass; this includes increasing the supply of timber for domestic products and increasing the production of wood chips and wood pellets. In particular, the efficiency of steep-slopes catenary system machinery for yarding such as tower-yarder and swing-yarder should be urgently supplied to cope with forest production and supply of forest biomass energy resources. In addition, it is necessary to continuously promote the dissemination of high-performance forestry machinery as is being done in Japan. At the same time, instead of distributing or retaining the spread of forestry machinery to the state and local governments, it is necessary to distribute timber production work centered on forest cooperatives or private timber producers to be carried out by wood producers, forest cooperatives and individuals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.532-538
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• 2006

Triphala is an important combination of three important forest fruits, i.e., Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica. Chittagong region in Bangladesh was once rich in triphala trees presently subject to the depletion. Thus, these forest resources are being threatened day by day. The study was conducted to learn the present using pattern of the triphala, causes of its depletion and the conservation strategies agreed by the villagers. Eight major uses of triphala trees were recognized. It was revealed that 100% respondents used the triphala as fruit tree followed by 71-78% as fuelwod. The present status of growing stock of triphala was found in depleted condition particularly in the Muslim dominated area. It was found that unawareness was the major cause for depleting the triphala trees agreed by the 87% respondents followed by depleting the village groves by 84%. Awareness creation (100%) and induction of social forestry program (92%) were found major recomendations by the vilagers to retard depleting the triphala tree species in the Chittagong region of Bangladesh.