• Title/Summary/Keyword: forest operation

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펄프 용재의 경제적 활용을 위한 펠릿 대체 원료 탐색

  • Kim, Seong-Ho;Kim, Cheol-Hwan;An, Byeong-Il;Lee, Ji-Yeong;Sheikh, M. Mominul Islam;Park, Hyeon-Jin;Kim, Gyeong-Cheol;Sim, Seong-Ung;Gang, Tae-U;Jo, Hu-Seung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.289-296
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    • 2011
  • Recently, much of forest biomass has been obtained from the national forest management operation. Unfortunately, Korean Forest Services has a plan to use this forest biomass as energy fuels for wood pellets. Considering unhappy situation that about 80% of wood pulps has been imported, it is regarded as unwise decision. If forest biomass can be used to make pulps or other valuable woody products, we are able to double its economic value than the raw materials for wood pellets. In this study, we explored alternative raw materials for wood biomass used to make wood pellets. For this, fresh technology such as torrefaction was applied with the other lignocellulosic biomass.

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A Study on Transportation Optimization and Efficient Production Method of Raw Materials for Pellet for Construction of Supply Chain Management

  • Choi, Sang Hyun;Lee, Jae Hwan;Bakyt, Bekzhanov;Woo, Jong Choon
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.173-181
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    • 2016
  • This study designed a model of the efficient production schemes and raw materials transportation optimization of current South Korean's simple and monolithic distribution system of wood to build a SCM (supply chain management) as a basic level to establish a distribution of future by pellet production of raw materials costs and reduce transport costs, and specifically to forest of pallet to contribute to revitalizing the market. The result of each transportation costs after building the best transportation network from raw material supply area to demand area applying transport law was 964,600 thousands Won from 6 supply areas to 7 demand areas. And the result of each model's analysis to get the pellet's efficient production through production cost reduction showed that it reduced from 325,701 Won/t to 240,106 Won/t, results of existing efficient pellet for the production model 8,233 tons over 20,000 tons annual production capacity from the size of the expanded production capacity when the expansion. However, when the production size expanded to 50,000 Tons of the production, the effect was very small even though production cost decreased.

Job Analysis of the Forest Interpreters based on the DACUM Method (DACUM 기법을 통한 숲해설가 직무 분석)

  • Ha, Si-Yeon;Kim, In-Ho
    • Hwankyungkyoyuk
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 2006
  • This study is purposed to compose systematic and efficient curricula of the courses centered on the duties of forest interpreter. In the first step, the purpose of task analysis is to identify the forest interpreter's duties and tasks. 13 professional were designated as panel, and the task chart was completed via DACUM analysis. The tasks performed by forest interpreter are categorized in the development of specialty, program planning, comprehension on the engaged forest, program development, program execution and program evaluation, which are classified into 59 sub-tasks. In the second step, need analysis is focused on the evaluation of the degree of job importance, the necessity of education based on the results from the task analysis. In consequence, 23 key tasks are determined. In the third step, knowledge, skill, tool, and attitude required for key tasks were analyzed and reorganized into 23 subjects. This study has significance in 3 respects. Firstly, the tasks of forest interpreter are analyzed to define their roles. Secondly, the curricula composed according to the results of task analysis and need analysis allow the realizable and prerequisite subjects within the restricted resources. Finally, this study suggests the curriculum, which shall be the bases for the program planning and operation of a lot of educational organization and institutions.

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Studies on Working Intensity in Felling Operation of the Thinning Forest -In Thinning of Some Conifer Species- (벌채작업(伐採作業)에서의 작업강도(作業强度) 측정연구(測定硏究) -침엽수(針葉樹) 간벌림에(間伐林)서-)

  • Park, Soo-Kyoo;Kang, Gun-Uh
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.85 no.3
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    • pp.396-408
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    • 1996
  • The purposes of this study were to standardise the forest working system to design the intensity of working system in felling operation of the thinning forest in our country as well as to contrive the improvement of working method and the increase of productivity. For the purpose of investigating these, element working was classified by felling operation in softwood thinning forest, and a pulse rate were measured and analyzed. The results were as follow : 1. From the analysis of the pulse frequence measurment, the average pulse showed 108 pulse per minute for worker A in the total of pure working time, 130 pulse per minutes for worker B, 119 pulse per minute for worker C and 125 pulse per minute for worker D, respectively. 2. From the results of the pulse frequence analysis according to element working classification, the highest pulse frequence represented 115 pulse per minute for worker A in the circumference, 131 pulse per minute for worker B in the movement, 122 pulse per minute for worker C in the limbing operation and 128 pulse per minute for work D in hang-up. 3. If the original pulse frequence was 100% for workers, the working intensity showed as follow : worker A was 160%(original pulse frequence was 61=100%) for the total of the working intensity and 188% for the circumference among element working. Worker B was 220%(original pulse frequence was 57=100%) for the total of the working intensity and 229 for movement among element working. Worker C was 159%(original pulse frequence was 73=100%) for the total of the working intensity and 168% for limbing operation among the element working. Worker D was 156%(original pulse frequence was 70=100%) for the total of working intensity and 182% for hang-up among element working. 4. At the limit point of Labor performance rating, showing the total of working intensity, overtime pulse rate per minute was 30 for worker A, 207 for worker B, 14 for worker C and 67 for worker D. Worker B was highest in working intensity, and got physically a big load.

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Analysis on Yarding Productivity and Cost of Tower-Yarder Based on Excavator Using Radio-Controlled Double Clamp Carriage (2중 무선 클램프 반송기를 이용한 굴삭기 기반 타워야더의 생산성 및 비용 분석)

  • Choi, Yun-Sung;Cho, Min-Jae;Mun, Ho-Seong;Kim, Dae-Hyun;Cha, Du-Song;Han, Sang-Kyun;Oh, Jae-Heun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.107 no.3
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    • pp.266-277
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted in clear cutting stands. For the whole-tree yarding operation, a tower-yarder based on excavator with a radio-controlled double clamp carriage was applied to analyze yarding productivity and cost. The productivity and cost of yarding operation was $6.2m^3/SMH$(machine utilization rate, 80.4%) and $13,705won/m^3$, respectively. Although the maximum yarding distance was longer than the previous studies, the setting up time of the tower-yarder was decreased as used straw line. The application of the radio-controlled double clamp carriage improved productivity and reduced costs. Based on the fuel log and growing stock($137.0m^3/ha$), the minimum production($m^3$) and area(ha) were $558.3m^3$ and 4.1 ha for Pinus rigida stands and $433.7m^3$ and 3.2 ha for Quercus mongolica stands, respectively. Based on the this study, it will be possible to select an efficient yarding machine by accumulation of data on minimum production and area for many machines in various harvesting sites.

Influence of Forest Management on the Facility of Cleansing Water Quality in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis Watershed(III) -With a Special Reference to pH and Electrical Conductivity of Rainfall, Throughfall and Stemflow- (전나무림(林), 잣나무림(林) 유역(流域)에서 산림(山林)의 수질정화기능(水質淨化機能)에 미치는 산림시업(山林施業) 영향(影響)(III) -임외우(林外雨), 수관통과우(樹冠通過雨), 수간류(樹幹流)의 pH와 전기전도도(電氣傳導度)를 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Jeong, Yongho;Park, Jae Hyeon;Youn, Ho Joong;Kim, Kyong Ha
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.89 no.2
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    • pp.223-231
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    • 2000
  • This study aims to clarify the effect of forest management practices(thinning and pruning) on water quality to get the fundamental information on the facility of cleansing water quality after forest operation. Rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were sampled at the study sites which consist of Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis in Kwangnung Experimental Forest for 6 months from May 4, to November 1, 1999. Average tree height in the management sites increased by 0.5m more than that in the non-management sites in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis, respectively. Increment of average D.B.H. at the management sites grew 3.5cm and 2.6cm more in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis compared with that at non-management sites. Average pH of the total amount for the event in throughfall and stemflow was higher than that of throughfall and stemflow of the beginning of the event at the management and non-management sites. Average electrical conductivity of throughfall and stemflow at the beginning of the event was higher than that of the total amount for the event at management and non-management sites. Water qualities of throughfall and stemflow were buffered more by the management practice in both. The forest management may affect purification of water quality of throughfall and stemflow in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis.

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Mathematical Models Predicting for Tree Skidding Forces and Its Evaluations (집재견인력 예측을 위한 수학적 모델의 개발과 평가)

  • Oh, Jae-Heun;Hwang, Jin Sung;Cha, Du Song
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.96 no.4
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    • pp.448-454
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    • 2007
  • Mathematical models for predicting the ground and semi-ground skidding force have been developed. The skidding force is expressed as a function of log geometry, total weight and coefficient of skidding. The coefficient of skidding was determined under field tests. The validity of the model developed was examined by comparing the predicted and measured skidding forces. Calculated ground skidding force, using the model developed can be predicted well with that measured experimentally. The semi-ground skidding force calculated from the model, however, does not predict well due to its confined conditions experimentally.

Productivity, Cost, and Optimal Forest Road Network Density of Tree-length Yarding Operations with Tower Yarder (타워야더를 이용한 전간집재작업의 생산성 및 비용과 적정 노망밀도 분석)

  • Kim, Min-Kyu;Baek, Seung-An;Cho, Koo-Hyun;Jung, Do-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.106 no.3
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    • pp.300-309
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    • 2017
  • The productivity, cost, and optimal forest road network density for tree-length yarding with K301-4 and HAM300 tower yarders were analyzed. The results showed that productivity decreased as the yarding distance increased. The productivity of the K301-4 was greater than that of the HAM300 as the maximum yarding distance was longer than 34 m. This difference increased as the load volume increased. As the K301-4 yarder had a higher purchase price and it took more time to set up compared to the HAM300, the HAM300 was cost effective. Therefore, in oder to introduce tower yarders to reduce operational cost, it is effective to increase the load volume during operations and to utilize the road network repeatedly for a long period.

The Preference Analysis of Forest Therapy Program with regard to MBTI Personality Types (MBTI 성격유형에 따른 산림치유 프로그램 선호도에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Youn-Hee;Kim, Dong-Jun;Kim, Eun-Jin;Yeoun, Pyung-Sik;Choi, Byung-Jin;Kim, Jea-Kean;Kim, Youn-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.485-498
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    • 2015
  • The need for forest therapy programs has been increasing. For more effective forest healing, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of participants and develop and operate more targeted and differentiated forest therapy programs accordingly. In this study, the relationships between MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) personality types and the relationship between the temperaments of MBTI and the preference for the forest therapy programs were analyzed respectively in pursuit of the basic data required for the effective development and operation of forest healing on the basis of individual characteristics. The survey on the forest therapy program and MBTI personality tests were conducted for 245 normal adults. Using the SPSS 21.0 program analysis, data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to obtain the difference of preference on the forest therapy program according to the personality type. The Extraversion(E)-Introversion(I) types showed differences in technique-based breathing exercises, walking in the forest(wearing shoes), laughter therapy in the forest, viewing the forest, forest bathing, wind bathing and sun bathing. And the Sensing(S)-iNtuition (N) types had marked differences in listening to the sound of water flowing, drinking herbal tea and sleeping in the forest. The Thinking (T) -Feeling (F) types marked differences in soaking hands and feet in water and sleeping in the forest. The Judging (J)-Perceiving (P) types had differences in vision quest and viewing the forest, respectively, in statistics. Depending on the temperament of the character, there were statistically significant differences in preferences such as drinking herbal tea, eating natural food, sleeping in the forest, viewing the forest and listening to the forest commentary. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for forest healing program development and operation.

Development of the Semi-Crawler Type Mini-Forwarder - Design and Manufacture - (반궤도식 산림작업차 개발(I) - 설계 및 제작 -)

  • Kim, Jae-Hwan;Park, Sang-Jun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.100 no.2
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    • pp.154-164
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to develop the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder that can be operated comfortable small-scale logging operation in the steep terrain and also used at a variety of operations such as the civil work in erosion control and forest-road. Considering the minimum turning radius and the width of forest operation road, the total length, width and loading capacity of the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder is 5,750 mm, 1,900 mm and $2.5m^{3}$, respectively. The maximum engine power is 96ps at 3600 rpm. Selected hydraulic pumps are consists of two main pumps and two sub-main pumps. Main hydraulic pumps are utilized to running motor of the front wheel and rear crawler. Sub-main pumps are utilized to the actuation parts such as steering, crane, out-rigger and dump cylinder. The transmission was adapted as the HST (Hydro-Static Transmission) system. The driving parts are designed and manufactured as the front wheel type and the rear crawler type. The steering type was manufactured as the ackerman type. Driving control parts type was designed and manufactured as driver's seat type of normal cars. It is also attached on auxiliary equipments such as winch, log grapple and out-rigger. The traveling speed of the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder in forest road was 5.3 km/hr to 7.7 km/hr.