• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-48
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• 2018

The study of air defense against North Korean tactical ballistic missiles (TBM) should consider the rapidly changing battlefield environment. The study for target re-designation for intercept missiles enables effective operation of friendly defensive assets as well as responses to dynamic battlefield. The researches that have been conducted so far do not represent real-time dynamic battlefield situation because the hit probability for the TBM, which plays an important role in the decision making process, is fixed. Therefore, this study proposes a target re-designation algorithm that makes decision based on hit probability which considers real-time field environment. The proposed method contains a trajectory prediction model that predicts the expected trajectory of the TBM from the current position and velocity information by using random forest and moving window. The predicted hit probability can be calculated through the trajectory prediction model and the simulator of the intercept missile, and the calculated hit probability becomes the decision criterion of the target re-designation algorithm for the missile. In the experiment, the validity of the methodology used in the TBM trajectory prediction model was verified and the superiority of using the hit probability through the proposed model in the target re-designation decision making process was validated.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2013

There have been increasing cases for farmers to install automated weather stations (AWS) at their farms and orchards in order to take countermeasures to more frequent weather disasters caused by climate variability and weather extremes. Although raw data are the same, the additive values as agrometeorological information may vary depending on data processing methods. User demands on appropriate information could also be different among crop species, cropping systems and even cultivars. We designed an internet based AWS data processing and display system to help diverse users (e.g., farmers), extension workers to access their weather data on specific demands. The system was implemented at a rural catchment with 52 $km^2$ land area where 14 automated weather stations are in operation. This note introduces the system and describes the major modules in detail. By linking regional AWS networks, a feasibility for this system as an early warning system is also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 2021

It is essential that the evaluation of official development assistance (ODA) projects is conducted based on empirical research for the performance and improvement of the project. This study intended to quantitatively figure out the actual status and performance of ODA projects. The performance of the Rumpin Seed Source and Nursery Center project implemented by the KOICA was evaluated in items of relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact, sustainability, which are OECD Development Assistance Committee(DAC) evaluation criteria. From August 26, 2019 to August 29, 2019, a survey was conducted on 50 visitors and 54 stakeholders of the Rumpin Seed Source and Nursery Center. Through on-site survey, problems in the donation project and operation in Indonesia were identified and measures for improvement was grasped. As a result of the study, the value scored by OECD DAC evaluation criteria of the Rumpin Seed Source and Nursery Center project based on the Economic Development Cooperation Fund(EDCF) evaluation grade was evaluated as a very successful class in all items. The average score of the recognition question was 4.08 points for visitors and 4.08 points for stakeholders, and the average score for the satisfaction question was 4.37 points for visitors and 4.11 points for stakeholders, which were high overall in both groups. The main factor that affects the project awareness of the visitors was the fact that the Rumpin Seed Source and Nursery Center was created based on Korean technology, and it was confirmed that Indonesia's own items related to similar projects had a great influence on the project satisfaction. In the case of stakeholders, project support in Korea affected their recognition, and it was found that relevance, efficiency, effectiveness items had the greatest impact on the level of project satisfaction of stakeholders derived from the DAC individual evaluation results. Efforts are required to increase the main factors by reflecting the results of each item and to preserve and maintain the project. This study is significant in determining the performance of the ODA project based on empirical data, and it is believed that it can be used as basic data for supplementing and strengthening the project in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Due to aging of the rural and mountain populations the labor force is reduced. However work intensity continues to increase, thus, there is a need to improve the current effectiveness of forest operations. This study compared and analyzed the Operation productivity and efficiency of planting containerized seedlings using a battery-powered planting auger and a mattock. Growth was also investigated by looking into the initial growth increments in the planted seedlings. Tasks were investigated by analyzing the process and operation time needed to plant 1 containerized seedling using a planting auger and a mattock. The time spent on the various elements of the planting process was measured with a stopwatch but observations were done continuously. Result of the study shows that with the use of a lightweight planting auger the average time spent to plant a containerized seedling is 18.61 seconds while with the use of a mattock it took an average of 26.96 seconds which clearly demonstrates that the planting auger is more efficient in terms of working hours. Working intensity was also analyzed with the use of a portable heart rate monitor (Polar V800). The average increase in heart rate and work intensity index were analyzed for one planting cycle. It was observed that when using the lightweight planting auger, there was a 46.51% increase in the average heart rate while a 74.67% increase in heart rate when the mattock was used which shows that there is a significant increase in heart rate when mattock is used. In addition, work intensity index was observed to be 29.95% and 47.83% when the planting auger and mattock were used respectively. With the continuous use, work intensity index is significantly higher with the use of the mattock as compared to that of the lightweight planting auger. There were no significant differences on the growth increment of seedlings planted using the different tools until a year after planting, however differences in growth increment were observed after a year. A difference of 15.1 cm in height and 3.41 mm in diameter was observed which shows that the use of lightweight planting auger is excellent for planting containerized seedlings.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Since SRC (Short-term Rotation Coppice) such as poplar and willow can be harvested in three years, they are known to be a potential forest biomass as fuel for a power plant. The production system including transplanting and harvesting is, however, necessary to be mechanized because such a biomass should be handled in a massive volumetric size. A pull-type stem-cutting transplanter was developed in the research as the first step to realize the production of SRC. A needle-like transplanting device pushes a stem-cutting into the prepared soil bed by a pneumatic cylinder, and another device firms soil around a stem-cutting transplanted. Since this is an intermittent operation, it was necessary to develop a zero horizontal velocity mechanism which enabled only the transplanting needle part to continue a zero horizontal movement relative to the ground during the transplanting operation even when the tractor kept moving forward. The 2-row transplanter can transplant stem-cuttings at the rate of 6.5 seconds per row without missing a single attempt. The planting depth and distance were well maintained and controlled. Their CVs were between 2.1~3.4% and 0.87~1.7% for the depth and the distance, respectively. Although, the transplanted stem-cuttings tended to lean outward from the back-view and forward from the side view, they were planted within the range of $3^{\circ}$ from the upright position.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.117-125
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• 2018

After it was reorganized as the rural center revitalization project recently, there is an opinion that the nature of the project was changed to solve long-time aspired projects of some districts unlike various projects according to the previous project purposes. Therefore, this study analyzes the current status of revitalization project plans and operation monitoring to make rural center villages, establishes plans that can be applied to the rural center village revitalization project and suggests the improvement plans for monitoring. With the necessity of connectivity with centrality analysis for long-term and sustainable growth of the rural center revitalization project, the analysis on the 8 districts' centrality analysis and the function of the master plan were compared and analyzed, but there is not enough interrelation. Regarding the consulting methods for weak districts to activate facility operation after the project is implemented, the field consulting performed by the collaboration of Gyeongsangnam-do government, Gyeongnam Rural Revitalization Support Center and Gyeongnam branch of Korea Rural Community Corporation shows 87.6% of satisfaction level, which indicates it is the most effective. Based on the above results, it is necessary to reinforce the methods on resident demand survey, dimension and the reflection process of the project when preliminary plans are established for effective implementation of the rural center village revitalization project. It is also necessary to revise relevant standards not to change preliminary plans excessively during the master plan establishment process, and to oblige preliminary investigation of experts. The joint monitoring and consulting systems of experts and local governments should be applied from the establishment stage of the master plan, so that it can be sustainable rural center village revitalization project.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1433-1435
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• 2003

Very decisive progress was made in advancing fundamental POL-IN-SAR theory and algorithm development during the past decade. This was accomplished with the aid of airborne & shuttle platforms supporting single -to-multi-band multi-modal POL-SAR and also some POL-IN-SAR sensor systems, which will be compared and assessed with the aim of establishing the hitherto not completed but required missions such as tomographic and holographic imaging. Because the operation of airborne test-beds is extremely expensive, aircraft platforms are not suited for routine monitoring missions which is better accomplished with the use drones or UAVs. Such unmanned aerial vehicles were developed for defense applications, however lacking the sophistic ation of implementing advanced forefront POL-IN-SAR technology. This shortcoming will be thoroughly scrutinized resulting in the finding that we do now need to develop most rapidly POL-IN-SAR drone-platform technology especially for environmental stress-change monitoring with a great variance of applications beginning with flood, bush/forest-fire to tectonic-stress (earth-quake to volcanic eruptions) for real-short-time hazard mitigation. However, for routine global monitoring purposes of the terrestrial covers neither airborne sensor implementation - aircraft and/or drones - are sufficient; and there -fore multi-modal and multi-band space-borne POL-IN-SAR space-shuttle and satellite sensor technology needs to be further advanced at a much more rapid phase. The existing ENVISAT with the forthcoming ALOSPALSAR, RADARSAT-2, and the TERRASAT will be compared, demonstrating that at this phase of development the fully polarimetric and polarimetric-interferometric modes of operation must be viewed and treated as preliminary algorithm verification support modes and at this phase of development are still not to be viewed as routine modes.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_2
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• pp.1551-1565
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• 2020

On April 4, 2019, a forest fire started in Goseong County and lasted for three days, burning the neighboring areas of Sokcho. The strong winds moved the blaze from one region to another region and declared the worst wildfire in South Korea in years. More than 1,880 facilities, including 400 homes, were burnt down. The fire burned a total area of 529 hectares (1,307 acres), which involved 13,000 rescuers and 16,500 military troops to control the fire occurrence. Thousands of people were evacuated, and two people are dead. This study generated post-wildfire maps to provide necessary data for evacuation and mitigation planning to respond to this destructive wildfire, also prevent further damage and restore the area affected by the wildfire. This study used KOMPSAT-3A and Sentinel-2 imagery to map the post-wildfire condition. The SVM showed higher accuracy (overall accuracy 95.29%) compared with ANN (overall accuracy of 94.61%) for the KOMPSAT-3A. Moreover, for Sentinel-2, the SVM attained a higher accuracy (overall accuracy of 91.52%) than the ANN algorithm (overall accuracy 90.11%). In total, four post-wildfire burned area maps were generated; these results can be used to assess the area affected by the Sokcho wildfire and wildfire mitigation planning in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.177-189
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• 2022

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are defined as practical and technical approaches to restoring functioning ecosystems and biodiversity as a means to address socio-environmental challenges and provide human-nature co-benefits. This study reviews NbS-related literature to identify its key characteristics, techniques, and challenges for its application in climate-adaptive water management. The review finds that NbS has been commonly used as an umbrella term incorporating a wide range of existing ecosystem-based approaches such as low-impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP), forest landscape restoration (FLR), and blue-green infrastructure (BGI), rather than being a uniquely-situated practice. Its technical form and operation can vary significantly depending on the spatial scale (small versus large), objective (mitigation, adaptation, naturalization), and problem (water supply, quality, flooding). Commonly cited techniques include green spaces, permeable surfaces, wetlands, infiltration ponds, and riparian buffers in urban sites, while afforestation, floodplain restoration, and reed beds appear common in non- and less-urban settings. There is a greater lack of operational clarity for large-scale NbS than for small-scale NbS in urban areas. NbS can be a powerful tool that enables an integrated and coordinated action embracing not only water management, but also microclimate moderation, ecosystem conservation, and emissions reduction. This study points out the importance of developing decision-making guidelines that can inform practitioners of the selection, operation, and evaluation of NbS for specific sites. The absence of this framework is one of the obstacles to mainstreaming NbS for water management. More case studies are needed for empirical assessment of NbS.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.453-464
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• 2023

To this day, conflicts have intensified between managers who want to preserve biosphere reserves and citizen who want to develop them. Based on this problem, this study seeks to investigate the establishment of a forum for communication between various stakeholders and to promote the economic development of local communities while preserving biodiversity. First, in terms of conservation, the results indicated that Gyeonggi Province and Namyangju City highly valued direct conservation activities in biosphere reserves, whereas Pocheon and Uijeongbu City highly valued indirect conservation functions through management or monitoring. Second, in terms of development, it was found that there were differences in the roles, perceptions and responsibilities with respect to biosphere reserves among the different layers of government: the central government agency, the Cultural Heritage Administration, the metropolitan government, Gyeonggi-do, and the local governments, Pocheon, Namyangju, and Uijeongbu. Third, in terms of logistical support, which serves as a function for communication and practical participation among management entities, the results suggested that it was necessary to establish a comprehensive decision-making organization for efficient management and operation and to provide opportunities for active participation. The study can be utilized as a basic reference for developing efficient communication by management entities in protected areas with similar challenges.