• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2003

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of bird communities due to different habitat types on 3 sites in Han river area from May 2001 to January 2002. Water area was the most dominant habitat type in each site and also forest was dominant habitat type in site 1(Paldang area). Site 2(Bam island area) had various habitat types e.g. shrub field sandv plain, reed bed and grass field. Total 52 bird species were recorded on 3 sites in Han river. Ducks were the most dominant species, especially in January 2002. Density of individuals were higher in site 1 and 2, but lower in site 3(Nanjido area). In January 2002, dabbling ducks were dominant in site 2, and diving ducks were in site 1. Among diving ducks, common merganser Mergus merganser showed high density in site 2 and pochard Aythya ferina did in site 1. In site 1, coot Fulica atra showed also high density Diverse habitat types could be support foraging resources for dabbling ducks in site 2. High density of pochard and coot would be related to abundant aquatic plants and stable water depth in site 1. Manipulation of riparian zone in site 3 into natural vegetation would increase the bird species diversity. By the manipulation of habitat, habitat potentiality of birds would be increase in Han river area.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.287-299
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• 2015

If the Nakdong River estuary is to be sustainable, land use management practices need to consider bird habitat requirements, especially given that the area serves as an important migratory bird sanctuary. In this study, bird habitats found in the Nakdong River estuary were classified into 11 different types including Phragmites australiss, mud flat, farmland, open surface in freshwater, sand bar, riparian forest, Scirpus planiculmis, waterway, construction, grasslands, and open surface in sea or brackish water. Taking into consideration the regional characteristics, habitat properties, and landscape indices, a total of 12 study sites were analyzed. Mud flat, construction, farmland, and P. australis account for 80% of the total land area. The high area ratio of construction and farmland to other types of habitat revealed a high amount of historical human activity and intervention in the area. Both patch numbers as well as patch density were high in West Nakdong River, Samrak Waterfront, Maekdo River, and Daejeo Floodgate, with these areas showing the greatest fragmentation as well. Total numbers of species and individuals had a positive correlation with the area and the number of habitat types. Findings suggest that protecting the habitat area, especially in S. planiculmis, is the most important factor for bird habitat management and that future development could result in habitat loss, having a profoundly adverse impact on bird populations. Therefore, it is important that the total area should be carefully protected by land use regulations in order to ensure that the Nakdong River estuary maintains its functional integrity as a migratory bird sanctuary.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2014

This study classified the types of major forest vegetation and analyzed the syngeographical characteristics of the vegetation in the Mt. Deokhang with exhumed lime rocks. The forest vegetation on the ridge of Mt. Deokhang was classified into 1 community group, 3 communities, 2 groups, and 2 subgroups, 5 types in total. The syngeographical form of Deokhangsan fully exhibited the topographical peculiarity, proximity to subalpine, and limestone zone. In addition, Carex ciliato-marginata, Carex humilis var. nana, and so forth which appear as species with high consistency in the well-drained semiarid zone represent the soil environment of the lime stone area and northern plants such as Carex ussuriensis and Asplenium ruta-muraria represent the characteristics of the vegetation in alpestrine in close proximity. Moreover, the Carpinus turczaninowii in the area appears to show the characteristics of migratory vegetation due to the peculiarity of the habitat. The syngeographical characteristics of this study area show both the characteristics of the habitat and phytogeographic characteristics. Furthermore, they are expected to contribute to the diversity in community and habitat form in Korean peninsula in terms of vegetation science.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2007

Recognizing the ecological importance of forest gap formation for forest community structure, we examined the differences in species diversity between forest gaps and closed canopy areas for trees and shrubs in three developmental stages (seedling, sapling I, and sapling II) in a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. We randomly placed 100 sample plots ($2{\times}2m$ for seedling and sapling I, and $5{\times}5m$ for sapling II) in forest gap and closed canopy areas of a 9 ha permanent sample plot for vegetation surveys of plants of each developmental stage in each habitat type. Even though the formation of forest gaps encouraged the occurrence of gap-dependent species and increased overall species diversity, there were no significant differences in species richness among the three developmental stages for both tree and shrub species (p>0.05). Comparing the two types of sites, statistical tests revealed no difference in species richness for trees, but highly significant differences (p<0.01) between forest types for shrubs for seedlings and sapling I, but not sapling II. Analysis of variance test indicated that there were no significant differences in species diversity among the three developmental stages of tree species (p>0.05) for both Simpson and Shannon indices. The variance for shrub seedlings was significantly different between forest gaps and closed canopy areas, but not for sapling I and sapling II. The analysis showed that the species diversity in forest gaps was significantly different from that of closed canopy areas for seedling and sapling I (p<0.01), but not for sapling II (p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Jeju Island is managed intensively in terms of environmental and ecological aspect because of its extraordinary ecosystem types comprising numerous rare, protected flora and fauna. To depict rapid change of habitat status in Jeju Island, the InVEST Habitat Quality model has been operated and compared analytically with the Eco-Natural map. The Habitat Quality map of Jeju Island is turned out to have similar inclination with Eco-Natural map. We compared the average habitat quality value in each Eco-natural map class in Jeju Island and the habitat quality value of first second third grade and non-included area decreased as 0.95 0.76, 0.53 and 0.37 in eco natural map respectively. Compared to biodiversity map based on biological investigation, the result of the InVEST habitat quality model can be simply obtained by land cover map with threat and sensitivity data. Further studies are needed to make explicit coefficients for Jeju Island and Korean peninsula, then the Habitat Quality model could be applied to past and future scenarios to analyze extent of habitat degradation in time series to help decision makers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.123-132
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• 2006

This research was studied to inverstigate the effect of plant mixtures and tackifibers on the vegetation of slope sites. 5 type plant mixtures(tree type, forest type, native herbaceous plant type, foreign herbaceous plant type, and cool-season turfgrass type) and 3 different tackifibers (Guar tackifibers, Polyarchrylamide tackifibers and Cellulose methyl starch) were treated with 3 replications on the experimented slope. The germination and coverage rate were high on native and foreign herbaceous plants and low on cool-season turfgrass, forest and tree types. We could notice that herbaceous plant types were effective on the vegetation of slope in the short term. Because tree or forest type vegetations similar to natural plant habitat, however, were preferable on slope vegetation in the long term, tree species of high germination rate should be selected in this experiment for tree or forest type slope vegetations. Tackifiber treatments increased the germination rate during the early treatment stage. However, the effect of tackifiber treatment on germination rate was decreased on the elapse of time. Guar tackifiber treatment was most effective on the vegetation of slope. As far as soil erosion control was concerned, all tackifiber treatments were effective compared to control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 2007

While a concept on biotop or the urgency of its classification systems have been under discussion recently, this study aims to examine outdoor biotop classification systems for environment-friendly community. To this end, the feasibility of creating a biotop in the community and application elements were generated and biotops were classified and categorized. Then, elements that can be applied in consideration of traditional Korean techniques were generated and biotop classification systems and specific components in residential areas were reviewed. As for the result of this study, based on a preliminary draft prepared through literature review, considerations for biotop classification systems were taken into account. Then, based on classification criteria for biotop formats, biotop functions and biotop types, a second-tier classification system was developed. Criteria for biotop formats included surfaces, lines and points while criteria for biotop functions were large cores, small bases, corridors, stepping stones and ecological islands. Criteria for habitat types were divided to include natural forest, developed green areas, lacustrine wetland, palustrine wetland, shrubs, grasslands, linear habitats, vacant plots and practical green areas, which were sub-categorized. As for the biotop classification system, macro-classification divided biotops into three types-space, line and point-based on biotop formats. Meso-classification had five groups and micro-classification had 21 groups based on habitat types. Future studies should focus on the ecological features of each biotop categories generated in this study and their creation and management techniques to find many practical methods to create, protect and manage outdoor biotop for environment-friendly community.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.16-31
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• 2005

This study was carried out to design a bridge-type ecological corridor plan in a forested neighborhood park affected by road construction in Dongjak-gu, Seoul. In order to study the site conditions, we analyzed topography, ecosystem structure, and user behavior and trail use. Existing vegetation was classified into 12 types. Based on a vegetation analysis, the Populus albaglandulosa and Robinia pseudoacacia communities, where planted species are dominant, were distributed extensively in the southern forest area. Planted areas with a single-layer structure of Korean landscape woody plants and Robinia pseudoacacia communities with a single-layer structure were distributed extensively in the northern forest and water-supply area. Based on a study of 28 quadrats, the similarity index between the multi-layer plant communities distributed in the southern forest and the single-layer planted areas was low. Twenty-four species of wild birds(355 individuals) were found in the survey area, including nine interior species and three urban species. The study of user behavior and numbers showed most users were walkers and few users were observed in the southern forest while most users were observed in the northern forest and water supply area. We selected some wild birds as model species to represent migrating species believed to use this park as an ecological corridor during migration. We suggested the new park plan include the following: improvement of vegetation structure for wildbird migration and habitat, connection of park trails for users and presentation of a landscape linked to nature.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.61-80
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• 1997

This study tried to propose the guidelines for the ecological preservation zoning in Korea. So some related laws and regulations were inspected, which were Natural Environment Preservation Act, Nature Park Act, Cultural Asset Conservation Act, Forest Act and Urban Planning Act. In these acts, I could find several concepts related to the ecosystem that are described as the protection area. But there aren't detailed and practical characteristics in those concepts. So for making the practical concept of ecosystem preservation, I considered Multiple Use Module, Wildlife habitat model, and Environmental evaluation model. Thorough this step, the process and methodology was established for evaluating and analysing. The potentiality of the GIS system was inspected. So the TM5 scene of the site was acquired and processed by ER-Mapper, Idrisi, Arc/Info and Arcview. And several digitized data were input by scanning and vecterizing. The Erdas format was mostly exchangeable to any program. The site is the Byonsan Peninsula National Park. The forest stand information and topographic data were digitized, types of which are forest year, DBH, density, slope, aspect etc. And also the watershed boundary, roads and paths, natural and cultural resources were mapped and analysed. Modelling of preservation suitability found the dispersed patterns for the best suitable zone through all the site. And the development potential areas were checked on downwatershed. This patterns are thought to result from the forest location for the wildlife habitat and the low altitude and no-steep slopes for developing. And Early warning system concept was introduced by overlapping these two patterns on the both potential area. As the conclusions, I proposed that the preservation zone be assigned according to the watershed unit as the main ecosystem zone. This main area should be linked by the eco-corridor through the point type eco-system. Finally, I thought the comprehensive information system should be established for making the rational and efficient decision making in natural area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.2
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• pp.201-223
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• 2022

Currently, species extinctions are increasing due to climate change and continued anthropogenic impact. We selected 300 species for conservation with emphasis on plants co-occurring in the Baekdudaegan area, which is a large ecological axis of Korea. We aimed to investigate the vegetation community and environmental characteristics of Zabelia tyaihyonii in the limestone habitat among the target plant species in the Baekdudaegan region to derive effective conservation strategies. In Danyang-gun, Yeongwol-gun, and Jecheon-si, we selected 36 investigation sites where Z. tyaihyonii was present. We investigated the vegetation, flora, soil and physical environment. We also found notable plants such as Thalictrum petaloideum, Sillaphyton podagraria, and Neillia uekii at the investigation sites. We classified forest vegetation community types into 4 vegetation units and 7 species group types. With canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of the vegetation community and habitat factors, we determined the overall explanatory power to be 75.2%, and we classified the environmental characteristics of the habitat of Z. tyaihyonii into a grouping of three. Among these, we detected a relationship between the environmental factors elevation, slope, organic matter, rock ratio, pH, potassium, and sodium. We identified numerous rare and endemic plants, including Thalictrum petaloideum, in the investigation site, and determined that these groups needed to be preserved at the habitat level. In the classification of the vegetation units analyzed based on the emerging plants and the CCA, we reaffirmed the uniqueness and specificity of the vegetation community in the habitat of Z. tyaihyonii. We anticipate that our results will be used as scientific evidence for the empirical conservation of the native habitats of Z. tyaihyonii.