• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.289-302
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• 2020

To determine the shallow subsurface structure and sliding surface of land creeping in 2016 at Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, geophysical surveys (electric resistivity, and refraction seismic methods, borehole televiewer) and slope stability analysis were conducted. The subsurface structure delineated with borehole lithologies and seismic velocity structures provided the information that the sediment layer on the top of the slope was rather as thick as 20 m and the underlying weathered rock (anorthosite) was thinner than 1 m. Based on the tension cracks observed during the geological mapping, televiewer scanning was performed at the borehole BH-2 and detected the intensive fracture zones at the ground-water level, associated with the slip weak zones mapped in dipole-dipole electrical resistivity section. Downslope sliding and slightly upward pushing at the apex of high resistive bedrock explains the curved slip plane of the land creeping. Such a convex structure might play a role of natural toe abutment for preventing the downward development of slip weak zones. In slope stability analysis, the safety factors of the slip weak zone are calculated with varying the groundwater levels for dry and rainy seasons and the downslope is founded to be unstable with safety factor of 0.89 due to fully saturated material in rainy season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.86-98
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation structure and soil properties of Adenophora racemosa population distributed in Jeombongsan, Seoraksan, Odaesan and Dutasan in Gangwon-do, Korea. From August 2007 until September 2009, $2m{\times}2m$ quadrate was established in native area of Adenophora racemosa in order to record a dominants and coverage, and soil factors at 22 sites. It was found that the altitude in the distributed areas for Angelica gigas population was 800 m or more. Adenophora racemosa population was classified into Rhododendron mucronulatum dominant population, Geranium var. hirsutum dominant population, Caret siderosticta dominant population and Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus dominant population. In the site of study, soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, available phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable sodium concentration and total nitrogen were ranged from 5.0~7.1, 0.06~0.65dS/m, 0.96~8.94%, 12.3~32.8mg/kg, 0.12~0.89cmol+/kg, 0.34~10.08cmol+/kg, 0.1~l.4cmol+/kg, 0.02~0.29cmol+/kg and 0~8.4% respectively. According to the results of DCCA, Adenophora racemosa population were distributed in the high available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium, and Rhododendron mucronulatum dominant population was situated on low available potassium and high slope degree, Geranium var. hirsutum dominant population was high altitude, electrical conductivity and exchange magnesium, and Carex siderosticta dominant population and Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus were distributed on high total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorous.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2007

The relationships between pine mushroom emergence and meteorological factors were analyzed with three years (from 2003 to 2005) of measurement data at Yangyang site, in order to evaluate the effect of micrometeorological environment on pine mushroom production. fine mushroom was daily monitored and collected in the survey area during the its producing period (approximately one month). Pine mushroom production was highest in 2005 with the meteorological conditions of high temperature and frequent rainfalls in October. The production was lowest in 2004 due to dry conditions from mid September to late October, The meterological factors related to humidity (i.e., relative humidity, soil water content, and precipitation) were better correlated than those related to temperature (i.e., air and soil temperature, soil heat flux and solar radiation) with pine mushroom production. However, all of the correlation coefficients were statistically insignificant with values ranging from 0.15 to 0.46. Such poor correlations may be attributed to various other environmental conditions (e.g., topography, soil, vegetation, other fungi, the relationship between pine mushroom and pine forest) affecting pine mushroom production. We found that a mycelium requires a stimulation of low temperature (of three-day moving average) below $19.5^{\circ}C$, in order to farm a mushroom primordium which grows to pine mushroom after 16 days from the stimulation. We also found that the pine mushroom production ended when the soil temperature (of three-day moving average) fell below $14.0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.4
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• pp.489-501
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• 1997

This research was conducted to analyze the influence of the environmental factors on water quality such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity of rainfall, throughfall, soil water(A and B layer), and stream water quality at a small forested watershed. Rainfall, throughfall, soil water(A and B layer), and stream water were sampled at the study sites in Kwanak Arboretum, Seoul National University in Mt. Kwanak for 14 months(Jul. 1, 1996~Aug. 31, 1997). Average rainfall pH value was 6.06(ranged from 5.02 to 6.60). Acid rain frequency(less than pH 5.6) was 16.7%. The lowest rainfall pH value was 5.02. Average of pH values in hydrological processes were decreasing in the following order, stream water>soil water [Prunus serrulata var, spontanea(B layer>A layer)]>throughfall(Prunus serrulata var. spontanea)>soil water [Carpinus laxiflora(B layer >A layer)]>throughfall(Carpinus laxiflora)>rainfall>soil water [Pinus rigida(B layer>A layer)]>throughfall(Pinus rigida). pH values of throughfall in Prunes serrulata var. spontanea and Carpinus laxiflora were higher in Pines rigida. Average of dissolved oxygen values in hydrological processes were decreasing in the order, stream water>throughfall(Carpinus laxiflora>Prunus serrulata var, spontanea>Pines rigida)>rainfall>soil water [Prunes serrulata var. spontanea(A layer)>Pines rigida(A layer)>Carpinus laxiflora(A layer)>Prunes serrulata var. spontanea(B layer)>Pines rigida(B layer)>Carpinus laxiflora(B layer)]. And average electrical conductivity values in hydrological processes were decreasing in the order, soil water (B layer>A layer)>throughfall(Pinus rigida>Prunes serrulata var, spontanea>Carpinus laxiflora)>stream water>rainfall. Multiple regression equations of electrical conductivity and $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, total amount of cation, total amount of ion, and no. of before non-rain days in rainfall, throughfall, soil and stream water shows high significance(Multi R; 0.84).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2017

Since the phases and patterns of the climate adaptability of vegetation can greatly differ from region to region, an intensive pixel scale approach is required. In this study, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression on satellite image-based vegetation index is conducted for to assess the effect of climate factors on vegetation productivity and to predict future productivity of forests vegetation in South Korea. The results indicate that the mean temperature of wettest quarter (Bio8), mean temperature of driest quarter (Bio9), and precipitation of driest month (Bio14) showed higher influence on vegetation productivity. The predicted 2050 EVI in future climate change scenario have declined on average, especially in high elevation zone. The results of this study can be used in productivity monitoring of climate-sensitive vegetation and estimation of changes in forest carbon storage under climate change.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2020

The study was investigated in vegetation and environmental factors of Thuja koraiensis habitats where provided for ecological evidence data for conservation and management. Study plots were located at altitudes of 1,000~1,588 m with inclinations of 10~30°. A total of 150 taxa was identified 22 quadrates in 6 study sites. The highest basal area was analyzed in Mt. Gariwangsan 49.98 ㎡/㏊ with the lowest Mt. Hwaaksan 3.46 ㎡/㏊. Thuja koraiensis forest was classified into two communities; Abeis nephrolepis-Taxus cuspidata community, Betula ermanii-Thuja koraiensis community. As a result of Multi-Response Permutation Procedures test, there was significant difference among the communities.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.85-110
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• 2011

As Gangwon-do Province needs an environmental-friendly alternative tourism according to low carbon green growth, this study analyzes specialized fields in green health industry, selects seven specialized fields in green health industry that is fit to Gangwon-do Province, and suggests a development strategy by conducting recognition surveys on preference and impotence of the specialized fields. Surveys and interviews are conducted of 106 students at Green Health Industry Education Center which is operating by Kwandong University and 84 persons who work at medical institutions and tourism related companies in Ganwondo. The surveys and interviews were completed from November 5 to November 19 in 2010, determined factors through a factor analysis when they have many questions, and analyzed by using SPSS 14.0. Out of the seven specialized fields, rest & recuperation field is highly recognized. In order to have competitive edge compared to other self-governing provinces, Ganwon-do Province should prioritize rest and recuperation field. A healthcare program in the green health industry specific to Ganwon-do Province includes hot springs and spa programs as a priority. Gangwon-do's hot springs are deemed to be competitive resources as global medical tourists prefer spa and sauna healthcare programs, while the province promotes its spring resources and builds medical tourism infrastructures. Gangwon-do Province can promote a medical tourism industry that is well suitable for the strength and characteristics of the province. It might pursue oriental medicine therapy tourism, which is related to a recuperating medical service that uses both oriental and western medicine. It can also run such programs as forest bathing (oxygen road), spring and spa, and sea water treatment, which are the specialized fields in green health industry with respect to recreation and healthcare.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of ectomycorrhizal mushroom by surveying sites from June 2004 to October 2005. The obtained results from investigation were as follows. The total of 5 classes 16 orders 63 families 149 genera and 358 species including saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. A total of 17 families 36 genera 152 species (1,285ea.) of ectomycorrhizal mushroom was investigated. The mushrooms are classified into 9 families 27 genera and 136 species in Agaricales, 5 families 6 genera and 12 species in Aphyllophorales and 3 families 3 genera and 4 species in Gasteromycetes. Dorminant species were Russulaceae (35 species) followed by Boletaceae (34 species), Amanitaceae(22 species) and Cortinariaceae (21 species). The mushroom occurrence of octomycorrhizal fungi was closely related to climatic conditions such as high air temperature and lots of rainfall from July to September. The environment factors which have a favorable influence of mushroom occurrence were soil pH, available $P_{2}O_{5}$ of soil and rainfall and air temperature of climatic environment.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.78-86
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• 2018

In this paper, a VR-based cyber hiking system was designed to provide virtual reality for famous mountains that can offer the real senses and feelings of hiking in supporting environmental factors of actual mountains such as the temperature, air, sound, echoes, etc., of the mountain the user wants to climb. The VR-based cyber hiking system that reflects real-time site conditions is largely consisted of the data collection module that collects data from the live site, multiple drive modules that enables the user to feel real senses using data from the sites, and sensor module to detect the stimuli provided by the drive modules and the user's physical body transition. Unlike existing VR-based hiking systems, the proposed cyber hiking system not only provides simple virtual reality for the wanted mountain, but can also provide the natural conditions of real mountains and implement the uphill and downhill of hiking routes. In particular, it has the effect of providing fun and game elements to users by excluding unnecessary conditions and risks that may arise in actual hiking and instead supporting augmented realities such as squirrels on actual hiking paths. In addition, in providing users with the changes in their body before and after hiking, it is expected to be effective in providing diverse feedback such as the height, gradient, and speed of mountain hiking.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2018

In this study, we typified the project for revitalizing the rural area through text analysis using news data, and analyzed the main direction and characteristics of the project. In order to examine the factors emphasized among the issues related to the revitalization of rural areas, we used news data related to 'tourism' and 'livelihood', which are the main keyword of the project to promote rural areas. In the analysis, text mining techniques were used. Topic modeling was conducted on LDA techniques for major projects in 'tourism' and 'livelihood' keyword. Based on this, this study typified the projects that are carried out for the activation of rural areas by topic. As a result of the analysis, it was fount that the topics included in the project were distributed in 11 sub-types(Tourism Promotion, Regional Specialization, Local Festival, Development of Regional Scale, Urban and Rural Exchange, Agricultural Support, Community Forest Management, Improve the Settlement Environment, General Welfare Service, Low Class Support, Others). The characteristics of the rural revitalization projects were examined, and it was confirmed that domestic projects were carried out by tourism-oriented projects. To summarize, the government is making projects to revitalize rural areas through related ministries. Within the structure where the project is spreading to the region, a lot of projects are being carried out. It is understood that the tourism and welfare oriented projects are being carried out in the revitalization project of the domestic rural area. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of rural revitalization, it is believed that it will be effective to carry out a balanced project to improve the settlement environment of the residents.