• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.204-219
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• 2021

본 연구는 남해안에 분포하는 양호한 산림 식생의 복원과 관리뿐만 아니라 장기적인 측면에서 기후변화에 따른 변화 경향을 파악하고자 가라산과 노자산 서사면에 분포하는 식생의 식물군집구조 특성을 조사·분석하였다. 86개 조사구를 대상으로 군락을 분류한 결과, 저지대를 중심으로 분포하는 곰솔-굴피나무군락, 곰솔-소나무군락, 계곡부 및 전석지대를 중심으로 출현하는 개서어나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 때죽나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 고로쇠나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 낙엽활엽수군락, 느티나무군락, 상대적으로 해발고가 높고 급경사 사면에 분포하는 졸참나무군락, 졸참나무-때죽나무군락, 때죽나무-소사나무군락, 참회나무군락으로 유형화되었다. 천이경향상 상록침엽수는 낙엽활엽수로의 천이가 진행될 것이나 수령이 약 50년인 개서어나무, 느티나무, 고로쇠나무 등 낙엽활엽교목림은 층위구조가 발달되었을 뿐만 아니라 생태적으로 안정되어 현재의 상태를 유지할 것으로 판단되었다. 환경요인으로는 표고, pH, 점토와 실트의 함량, Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺ 등이 식물 군락 분포에 직간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.159-173
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• 2015

This paper presents a study on the Internet of Things based low-power wireless sensor networks for remote monitoring of wildlife ecosystem due to climate change. Especially, it is targeting the wild vegetation communities ecological monitoring. First, we performed a pre-test and analysis for selecting the appropriate frequency for the sensor network to collect and deliver information reliably in harsh propagation environment of the forest area, and selected for sensors for monitoring wild vegetation communities on the basis of considerations for selecting the best sensor. In addition, we have presented the platform concept and hierarchical function structures for effectively monitoring, analyzing and predicting of ecosystem changes, to apply the Internet of Things in the ecological monitoring area. Based on this, this paper presents the system architecture and design of the Internet of Things based low-power wireless sensor networks for monitoring the ecosystem of the wild vegetation communities. Finally, we constructed and operated the test-bed applied to real wild trees, using the developed prototype based on the design.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 1994

Stages of vegetation development on talus area were studied to examine temporal changes in species composition and vegetation structure, and to elucidate the mechanism of early patch formation. While ground coverage of lichens, which may form substrate for moss colonization and mitigate the heat-stress on rocks, decreased gradully, coverage of mosses increased slightly during primary succession. Ecological role of mossess related with water retention in community may be very important not only at pioneer stage but also at later stages because of little soil development on this talus area. Species diversity and species richness increased during the early stages of succession. Parthenocis년 tricuspidata and Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipa dominated in liana stage, Ulmus davidiana for. suberosa and Lindera obtusiloba in shrub stage, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Actinidia arguta in subtree stage, however, was composed of mixed forest of several tree species. U. davidiana for. suberosa, L. obtusiloba, Securinega suffruticosa and Rhus chinensis were relatively important woody species in early patch forming process. The results, however, suggested that early establishment on talus area might be strongly associated with chance for safe-site because both pioneer species and later species could take part in early patch forming process.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1996

The chigger mites known as the vectors of Tsutsugamushi disease seriously increased due to the expansion of their habitats by the change of farmland into idle land, arboreta and golf courses with the progress of industrialization. These mites were surveyed for their nymphs in soil of four areas located in the northern part of Kyonggido known as the outbreak areas of Tsutsugamushi disease. Total number of the chigger mites collected in the soil of four surveyed areas was 2576, and two genera and ten species including Leptotrombidium palpale were indentified. Among them L. pallidum was the dominant species with the highest occurrence rate of 62 percent. Nine species occurred on the bank of Changrungchon that has been idled for more than ten years, but six or seven species occurred in Wonhundong and Ilsandong that hans been idled for less than five years. The number of individuals collected was also higher in Changrungchon than the other sites. Seasonal occurrence of these mites showed a peak with 166 mites in November on the west slope and another with 192 mites in February on the east slope of the bank of Changrungchon, but none in June. Component ratio of individual numbers for L. palpale, L. pallidum, L. orientalis and L.scutelaris were 19, 62, 9 and 3 percent, respectively. Individual number of L. pallidum and L. scutelaris appeared to some extent of 397 and 23 mites, respetively.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.175-190
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to increase bio-diversity by developing more efficient methods to created habitats and applying them in introducing prototypes of forest, grassland, and marsh which are found in natural ecosystem, to urban environment. In this context, in creating man-made marsh in Seoul Engineering High School, firstly, philosophical framework to create man-made marsh to restore urban nature and conceptual system to create a region considering life and ecosystem were established. Secondly, by applying the philosophical framework and the conceptual system, water quality section, plantation section, and techniques to create habitats to increase bio-diversity were introduced. Lastly, when the creation is completed, maintenance of the marsh will continue with participation and education of students and residents. This study presents how natural environment can be restored and created in urban areas. This may be viewed as modest beginning. I expect this study proves to be effective in increasing bio-diversity, fulfill its role as an experiment station for restoration and creation of natural environment and natural educational center for students and community as well as habitats for wild life, and open a new chapter in developing a society seeking co-existence of humankind and life. Therefore, when technological guideline on restoration and creation of man-made marsh in urban area is developed based on the outcome of this study, expansion of the project to nationwide including metropolitan cities like Seoul is recommended.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting rural tourists' expenditure. This study used the data from the fact-finding survey on rural tourism, and analyzed 4,223 cases who had experienced rural tourism for one year in 2018. The linear multiple regression analysis were used to identify factors affecting rural tourists' expenditure. The result indicate that the factors influencing the rural tourists' total expenditure were age, monthly income, number of accompany, length of stay, accommodation type(pension), accommodation type(friend's house/relatives'house), accommodation type(camping), distance to the destination, accompany(family/relatives), accompany(solo traveler), occupation(white color), motivation(daily escape and rest), motivation(new experience). The result indicate that the higher the age, the higher the average monthly income of the household, the fewer companions, the longer the length of stay higher the expenditure. As for the accommodation, the pension, motel/inn, hotel/condominium, and recreational forest higher probability of expenditure, while, friend/relative's house or camping higher the probability of less expenditure. The longer the distance to the destination, the solo traveler higher the probability of expenditure in rural tourism.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.513-513
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• 1995

분리된 자원을 공급한다. 소척추동물과 포식자의 관계에서 동질로화된 서식지는 소척추동물의 생태적 지위를 단일화시켰으며, 숨을 곳의 급격한 감소로 인해 소척추동물의 군집 밀도를 큰 규모로 변동시킨다. 동질화된 서식지는 또한 서식지 구조의 복잡성을 사라지게 함으로써 종의 다양성이 감소된다는 연구결과를 검토하였다. 실험적연구에서 동질화된 서식지는 소척추동물의 서식밀도와 안정성의 감소, 세력권의 증가로 인한 종간경쟁, 분산의 증가로 특징지워졌다. 따라서 서식지의 이질성 유지는 종의 다양성과 보존의 기능을 높여주는데 기여함을 알게 되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2011

Many studies have suggested the positive effects of grazing by large herbivorous mammals on seed dispersal, but little is known about how herbivores could affect the fate of ingested seeds. This study examined the effects of seed ingestion by sika deer (Cervus nippon) on seed fate in a temperate grassland established in an urban park long resided by high densities of sika deer. I compared species composition and seasonal traits of seed abundance and maturity in the grassland community with those in deer fecal pellets. In total, 27 herbaceous species were observed, including the predominant Zoysia japonica. Seed phenology and production differed among the three dominant species (Z. japonica, Digitaria violascens, and Hydrocotyle maritima). Pellets contained at least 26 species of herbaceous seeds, and their abundance differed among species. Of the 26 species, 15 were observed in the vegetation at the study site. The peak of seed abundance in pellets for the dominant species appeared 1 month after the peak of inflorescence production (but most of the inflorescences were immature and susceptible to digestion) and consequently corresponded to the peak of mature inflorescence. Because sika deer are likely to ingest seeds at any maturity stage in the grassland and immature seeds are less hardened, ingested immature seeds can suffer great losses. The results suggested that the survival of germable seeds with great losses of immature seeds may be a factor determining which plant species can be successfully dispersed by herbivores.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 1990

Floristic composition and soil properties were analyzed in red pine($Pinus densiflora$) communities in the limestone areas. Tanyang, Ch ungbuk Province in Korea. The tree layer was composed of $Juniperus rigida, Quercus dentata, Q. mongolica$ and others as well as $P. densiflora$, all of which also appeared in soils of grinite origin The shrub layer was dominated by $Q. dentata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Securinega suffruticosa, Abelia coreana$ and $Uimus davidiana$ for $suberosa$. Among these $A. coreana$ and $U. davidiana$ for $suberosa$ belonged to calcicole plant. The herb layer dominated by $Carex lanceolata$. Soil pH ranged 7.9-8.3. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus content of the soil were lower than those of noncalcareous soils. However, exchangeable calcium and magnesium content were 10 times and 2~3 times greater than those of noncalcreous soils, respectively. The difference of soil texture between top soil(loam soil) and subsoil(sand soil), and higher soil organic matter content than noncalcareous red pine forest soils seemed related to the casts forming activities of earthworms.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.443-455
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the flora of Mt. Jang located at Haeundae-Gu in Busan. The survey for the flora was carried out from Oct. 2008 to Sep. 2009. The results were obtained as follows. The flora consists of 5 forms, 22 varieties, 238 species, 198 genera, 91 families, 47 orders, 7 classes, and 3 divisions as total 265 taxa. The typical communities were Osmunda japonica com., Stephanandra incisa com., Gleichenia japonica com., Eurya japonica-Pinus thunbergii com., Styrax japonica-Pinus thunbergii com., and Smilax china com. which were distributed along Forest Bathing Area and Yangun Falls, Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens com., Carpinus turczaibovii var. coreana com and Pseudosasa japonica were distributed around the top of mountain. According to the ecological characteristic species, the evergreen plants were observed 15 taxa 14 genera 13 families, the naturalized plants 18 taxa 17 genera 10 families, the specific plants categorized by Ministry of Environment 20 taxa 18 genera 18 families, the endangered plant 1 specie Utricularia yakusimensis, and the cultivated plants were observed 21 taxa 18 genera 14 families.