• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2018

Blood is a commonly found body fluid at crime scenes, and plays an important role in identifying suspects and in the reconstruction of crime scenes. Although serological detection of blood has been widely used in the field of forensic science, research on the detection of old bloodstains is scarce. This work aimed to compare various methods for the detection of old bloodstains and validate the reliability of their results. Four presumptive tests-Tetramethylbenzidine, $Bluestar^{(R)}$, Leucomalachite Green, Kastle-Meyer tests-and two confirmatory tests-Fecal Occult Blood (FOB) and Rapid Stain $Identification^{(TM)}-Blood$ ($RSID^{TM}-Blood$) tests-were compared. Bloodstain samples from post-mortem cases were collected on gauzes and then stored at room temperature for periods from 7 to 30 years. All the presumptive tests were positive, even for the 30-year-old sample. However, FOB and $RSID^{TM}-Blood$ provided false negative results for some samples stored for 17 years or more (1988 to 2001). The results indicate that FOB and $RSID^{TM}-Blood$ are not reliable for the detection of old bloodstains. These findings can be useful in the selection of an appropriate detection method for serological testing of old bloodstains. In addition, the information will be useful background knowledge when applied in the field of forensic practice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.2C
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we proposed a forensic mark algorithm which can embed the distributor's information at each distribution step to trace the illegal distribution path. For this purpose, the algorithm has to have the high capacity payload for embedding the copyright and user information at each step, and the embedded information at a step should not interfere with the information at other step. The proposed algorithm can trace the multilevel distribution because the forensic mark is generated by digital hologram and embedded in the DWT-SVD domain. For the high capacity embedding, the off-axis hologram is generated from the forensic mark and the hologram is embedded in the HL, LH, HH bands of the DWT to reduce the signal interference. The SVD which is applied the holographic signal enhanced the detection performance and the safety of the forensic mark algorithm. As the test results, this algorithm was able to embed 128bits information for the copyright and user information at each step. In this paper, we can embed total 384bits information for 3 steps and the algorithm is also robust to the JPEG compression.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.189-199
• /
• 2024

In forensic genetics, when it is not possible to confirm an individual's identity through STR profile analysis, additional information about the individual can be obtained using DNA-based phenotypic traits estimation. Recently, various researches have been conducted on methods to determine externally visible characteristics (EVC) such as eyes, hair, and skin color. However, relying solely on such phenotypic traits information has limitations for application in East Asian regions, including Korea. In this study, in order to utilize EVC related to an individual's appearance as investigative information, SNPs related to eye shape, hair thickness, skin color, as well as baldness, body type, high myopia, facial shape, acne, and behavioral habits were explored. A total of 50 SNPs were selected, and a targeted amplicon NGS panel capable of amplifying them all at once was developed. Experimental results confirmed the allelic types and frequencies of the 50 SNPs in 14 samples. We plan to use this panel to investigate the correlation between genotype and phenotype using various samples, and to develop methods for interpreting the results.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2018

Detection of bloodstains is a very important process in scientific investigations, and luminol is often used for the detection of bloodstains that are not visible. Recently, new preparation methods of blood detection reagents based on luminol (BloodFlareA, B) were developed and reported to have higher active persistence and to be more economical than conventional blood detection reagent, BlueStar forensic. In this paper, we tested the specificity and effect of the BloodFlares (A and B) on DNA and compared them with those of BlueStar forensic. False positive results for the BloodFlares were not observed in semen, saliva, vaginal fluids, urine, sweat, and nasal discharge, but were observed in $CuSO_4$, $FeSO_4$, and bleach solutions, and the observed patterns were similar to those of BlueStar forensic. The effect on DNA was determined by analyzing the DNA yield, degradation index, and DNA profiling. Based on these results, we concluded that the BloodFlares based on luminol do not affect DNA stability and are applicable in forensics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2010.10a
• /
• pp.215-218
• /
• 2010

Smart Phone with domestic demand increasing rapidly, the utilization of multimedia services have become diverse. Accordingly, Smart Phone users to hack their Jail Breaking and Rooting and illegal use of the multimedia content is copyrighted. Also relevant to mobile communication terminal as a high crime, create, and the digital evidence increases the utilization of the mobile forensic evidence is required to study. In this paper, Smart Phone Copyright Violation and Forensic Apply Method research. Smart Phone Status and related violations of copyright infringement, broadcasting, film, music, e-book, etc. for each survey item, and how to apply for forensics were studied. This study investigated the development and forensic science will be able to contribute to the development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2014.05a
• /
• pp.207-210
• /
• 2014

Damage is increasing by (Smishing) hacking attack Smishing you use a smart phone after entering 2013. Takeover of personal information and direct financial damage in collaboration with graphics sewing machine hacking attack has occurred. Monetary damage that leads to Internet payment service (ISP) and secure payment system in conjunction with graphics sewing machine hacking attack on a smartphone has occurred. In this paper, I will study analysis in the laboratory examples of actual infringement vinegar sewing machine hacking attack. It is a major power security measures to prevent damage to the secure payment system that a case analysis and practical principle technical nest sewing machine hacking attack, using Smishing. In this paper, I will be to research to be able to through a smart phone, to the online payment safer and more convenient.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we introduce the automatic speaker identification system 'SPO(Supreme Prosecutors Office) Verifier'. SPO Verifier is a GMM(Gaussian mixture model)-UBM(universal background model) based automatic speaker recognition system and has been developed using Korean speakers' utterances. This system uses a channel compensation algorithm to compensate recording device characteristics. The system can give the users the ability to manage reference models with utterances from various environments to get more accurate recognition results. To evaluate the performance of SPO Verifier on Korean speakers, we compared this system with one of the most widely used commercial systems in the forensic field. The results showed that SPO Verifier shows lower EER(equal error rate) than that of the commercial system.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.292-304
• /
• 2018

Microbes is becoming increasingly forensic possibility as a consequence of advances in massive parallel sequencing (MPS) and bioinformatics. Human DNA typing is the best identifier, but it is not always possible to extract a full DNA profile namely its degradation and low copy number, and it may have limitations for identical twins. To overcome these unsatisfactory limitations, forensic potential for bacteria found in evidence could be used to differentiate individuals. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that better protects the bacterial nucleoid compared to the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells. Humans have an extremely diverse microbiome that may prove useful in determining human identity and may even be possible to link the microbes to the person responsible for them. Microbial composition within the human microbiome varies across individuals. Therefore, MPS of human microbiome could be used to identify biological samples from the different individuals, specifically for twins and other cases where standard DNA typing doses not provide satisfactory results due to degradation of human DNA. Microbial forensics is a new discipline combining forensic science and microbiology, which can not to replace current STR analysis methods used for human identification but to be complementary. Among the fields of microbial forensics, this paper will briefly describe information on the current status of microbiome research such as metagenomic code, salivary microbiome, pubic hair microbiome, microbes as indicators of body fluids, soils microbes as forensic indicator, and review microbial forensics as the feasibility of microbiome-based human identification.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2022

This study suggests a new one-step fluorescent cyanoacylate-fuming method for developing fingerprints by using a CAB mixed with dimethylaminobenzalde (DMAB) and cyanoacylate (CA) in a specific ratio. CAB is prepared by mixing 2.5 % (w/w) DMAB with CA and fumigated at 180 ℃. Under these conditions, developing fingerprints showed the best results. The fuming method using CAB develops latent fingerprints into fluorescence and has a higher sensitivity than CA, and it showed comparable or better contrast to existing fluorescence enhancement methods. It was also applicable on a variety of non-porous surfaces that can be encountered at ordinary times. This method is more useful than conventional fluorescent dyeing methods in that it minimizes damage to fingerprints or samples, makes it easy to manufacture, saves time, and can use existing current equipment as it is.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.2965-2970
• /
• 2014

Background: To evaluate association of lung cancer with arsenic and cadmium levels measured in tumor tissue. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five patients with lung cancer tumor tissue obtained surgically were included in this study. Arsenic and cadmium levels were measured and levels of metals were compared among types of lung cancer and with reference to patient data. Results: The histopathologic diagnoses of the 95 cases were SCC, 49, adenocarcinoma, 28, large cell, 11 and SCLC, 1. Mean tumor arsenic and cadmium levels were $149.3{\pm}129.1{\mu}g/kg$ and $276.3{\pm}219.3{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Cadmium levels were significantly associated with smoking (p=0.02), histopathologic type (p=0.005), and TNM staging (r=0.325; p=0.001), although arsenic was not related to any parameter (p>0.05). There was no relation between metal levels and mortality (p>0.05). Conclusions: We found a significant association between tumor cadmium levels of patients with lung cancer and smoking, histopathologic type and staging, although there was no relation with arsenic levels.