• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2020

These experiments were to investigate the variations of rye on forage quality, productivity and β-carotene concentration affected by maturity in Pyeongchang region. Limited information are available about how forage quality and β-carotene content are affected by various factors. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days, from April 25 to May 31 (April 25, April 30, May 4, May 9, May 15, May 21, May 25 and May 31). Dry matter (DM) content, plant height, DM yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield increased continuously with the progressed maturity. However, crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) decreased markedly with the delay of harvesting, while TDN content decreased from April 25 till May 15, then followed by a stable fluctuation. Conversely, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) value increased and then fluctuated slightly after blooming stage. For quality of plant parts, stem contained the lowest CP content and RFV value, and the highest ADF and NDF contents compared with other parts, while the grain showed the higher CP, IVDMD, RFV and lower fiber contents than others. With the plant matured, leaf proportion decreased while stem and grain proportion increased, and feed value of all the three parts decreased till blooming stage and followed by a stable phase. β-carotene concentration showed its highest on jointing stage, and then fell down sharply on the sequential stages. In conclusion, harvest around May 15 (blooming) is proper for forage rye if directly consumed by livestock as green chop in Pyeongchang under the consideration of both nutritive yield and forage quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1998

Twelve Italian ryegrass (Lolium mult~flomm L.) cultivars have recommended as the government recommended forage cultivars since 1984, however, the forage performance and quality have been mostly tested at two locations, such as Suweon and Sunghwan in the Middle Northwestern and Middle Southwestern Coast Regions, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to retest the forage performance and quality of already recommended twelve government Italian ryegrass cultivars at five scattered locations, such as Icheon, Suweon, Sunghwan, Keon- and Kwangju from 1992 to 1995 with the intention of improving recommendations to dairy farmers. Cultivars with more dry matter yield than the control 'Tetrone' were 'Tosca' , 'Bartissimo' , 'Florida 80' and 'Gordo' in the Middle Northwestern Coast Region ; 'Tosca' , 'Florida 80' , 'Bartissimo' , 'Wencke' and 'Gordo' in the Middle Southwestern Coast Region ; 'Tosca' , 'Florida 80' , 'Sikem' , 'Bartissimo' , 'Wencke' and 'Gordo' in the Keongbuk Inland Region; 'Florida 80', 'Tosca' , 'Barmultra' and 'Bartissimo' in the Southern Inland Region and 'Florida 80' , 'Gordo' , 'Sikem' , 'Bartissimo' and 'Tosca' in the Southern Coast Region. At all the locations in 1992-95, 'Florida 80' produced the highest forage yield and showed earliness, but this cultivar was less cold tolerant in the Middle Northwestern and Middle Southwestern Coast Regions and grew tall which made it vulnerable to lodging in all the exprimental regions except the Southern Coast. Differences among the ryegrass cultivars for the three year mean ADF and NDF were small and inconsistent.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 1997

Six rape (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera) cultivars have been recommended as the government recommended forage cultivars since 1984, however, the forage performance and quality have been mostly tested at two locations, such as Suweon in the Middle Northwestern Coast Region and Sunghwan in the Middle Southwestern Coast Region. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to retest the forage performance and quality of already recommended four government rape cultivars at five scattered locations, such as Icheon, Suweon, Sunghwan, Keongsan and Kwangju fiom 1992 to 1994 with the intention of improving recommendations to dairy farmers. Among the rape cultivars tested, 'Bamapoli' and 'Sparta' (including 'Ramon' at Kwangju) gave the highest yields at all locations in 1992-94, whereas 'Akela' had the lowest yield. Mean plant heights varied fiom 50 to 69cm and 'Bamapoli' was the tallest rape, followed by 'Sparta', 'Ramon' and 'Akela' at all locations. Mean ADF contents for rape cultivars ranged fiom 16.7% for 'Akela' to 19.3% for 'Bamapoli', while mean NDF contents ranged fiom 22.3% for 'Akela' to 24.9% for 'Bamapoli'. The government recommended rape cultivars tested were generally well adapted across the country, however, in forage production situations in the fall where high yield is more important, 'Bamapoli', 'Sparta' and 'Ramon' might be preferable.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.929-934
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• 2000

Optimum stand density of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varies with locations and climates. Stand density is one of the factors that determines herbage yield, forage quality and persistence of alfalfa. As establishment costs increase, the question arises whether present population densities are optimum for obtaining maximum herbage yield and forage quality. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the optimum plant density for highest herbage yield and forage quality for the dehydrated alfalfa industry under Edmontons climatic conditions in Alberta, Canada; 2) to compare herbage yield and forage quality of the cultivars 'Algonquin' and 'Vernal' grown at a range of stand densities. Alfalfa seedlings of both cultivars were either transplanted at spacings of 6, 10, 15 and 25 cm or direct seeded at the 4.5 cm plant spacings, providing population densities of 494, 278, 100, 45 and $16plants/m^2$. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement having three replicates; the main plots consisted of two alfalfa cultivars Algonquin and Vernal, and the sub-plots were the five population densities. The cultivar Vernal had significantly higher annual yield than did the cultivar Algonquin. There was no significant effect of plant density on herbage yield. There was no difference in crude protein (CP) between the two cultivars. At the first cut, there was a significant quadratic effect of plant density on CP content and the greatest CP occurred at the 100 plants/m2 density. Crude protein was not affected by plant density at the second cut. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were not affected by plant density. The cultivar Algonquin usually had a lower ADF and NDF than cultivar Vernal. In conclusion, high population densities ($278plants/m^2$ or more) of alfalfa did not improve herbage yield and forage quality compared with low plant population densities ($100plants/m^2$ or less) of alfalfa.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.970-977
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• 2006

Forage oat (Avena sativa L.) is grown extensively in a double-cropping system on dairy farms. Four oat varieties ('Swan', 'Targa', 'Foothill', and 'Nugene') were evaluated for forage production and forage quality during two growing seasons (spring and autumn) at two locations (central and southern region) in South Korea. The heading stage of four oat varieties was observed during spring, but the autumn season did not produce heading until harvest time except for the 'Swan' variety (early-maturing variety). The heading stage of 'Swan' in both locations was earlier compared to other varieties. The four varieties were resistant to both foliar disease and insects. Lodging resistance was higher during autumn except in 2002 at the central region, and late-maturing varieties ('Foothill' and 'Nugene') have lower lodging resistance. Dry matter (DM) content was significantly different between varieties (p<0.001). Comparing different varieties, 'Swan', an early-maturing variety, was highest in DM content. In DM, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) yield, the yield of oat varieties in the southern region was higher than in the central region, and forage yield of the oat varieties in the spring season was higher than during the autumn season. The DM and TDN yield showed significant differences between oat varieties. The CP content of oats grown in the central region (Cheonan) was lower than oats grown in the southern region (Daegu), and the spring season produced oats with lower CP compared to the autumn season. Among the four oat varieties, the CP content of late-maturing varieties was higher than the Swan variety (early-maturing variety). The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were higher for the varieties grown in Cheonan and during the spring season. The ADF and NDF contents of late-maturing varieties were lower than the early-maturing variety. TDN and relative feed value (RFV) were higher for the varieties grown in Daegu and during the autumn season. Late-maturing variety had higher TDN and RFV than early-maturing variety. Our study showed differences in forage production and forage quality of oats grown in different locations, seasons and varieties. Forage quality as well as forage production was better in the southern region than in the central region. Forage quality was better during autumn, but forage production was better during spring. Late-maturing variety had better forage quality than the early-maturing variety. Therefore, late-maturing varieties are more suitable for use in the southern region.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

TO select the most suitable crop and variety of forage for nutrient quality at the southern part of Korea, the crop of wheat, barley and rye were grown from Oct. 1999 to June 2000. Paldanghomil variety of rye crop was shown to have the highest chemical components in comparison to other varieties of crops used in this experiment. It showed relatively high content of crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and low content of NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. Therefore, it was concluded that paldanghomil of rye crop was the most suitable variety with high weight and high nutrient quality for forage in the southern part of Korea. The heritabilities of all nutrient quality characters were estimated to be high.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of endophyte staWendophyte-free and -infect) and cutting frequency(3, 4, 5 and 6 timeslyear) on the forage quality of tall fescue(Festuca crnrtzdit~crcerr Schreb.) at the Experimental Field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division. National Livestock Research Institute, Suweon, from 1993 to 1994. 'Ihe results obtained are summarized as follows: CP content of tall fexue was increased with endophyte-free and cutting frequency for two varieties. Crude protein yield(CPY) of tall fescue in 1993 was increased with endophyte-free and cutting frequency for two varieties(P<0.05). In 1994, however. CPY of endophyte-free tall fescue was slightly lower than that of endophyte-infected tall fescue and the higher CPY was observed when tall fescue was harvested 6 times per year. NDF content of tall fescue was not different between endophyte-infected and -free. NDF was decreased with cutting frequency for two varieties in 1993, however. it was not influenced by the endophyte and cutting frequency in 1994. ADF content of tall fescue was not different between endophyte-infected and -free. and it was decreased with cutting frequency for two varieties. IVDMD was not influenced by endophyte, however, it was increased with cutting frequency for two varieties. Based on the results of this experiment, it is suggested that a slight increase in forage quality could be obtained from endophyte-free tall fescue and the quality was increased with frequent cutting.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the forage yield and quality of Fesrulolium bmunii(Festuca prafensis Huds. x Lolium multiflomm Lam.) as a forage sources. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications from Sep. 1995 to May 1998 at Chungnam University. Treatments consisted of two forage species, Festulolium bmunii(Pau1ita) and Dactylis glomerc;d4Potomac). The dry matter yields, nutritive value, N and energy balance were observed. The yields of DM, CPDM and DDM per area(ha) were higher for Potomac (P< 0.01) than for Paulita. The content of CP showed no difference between Potomac and Paulita, but NDF, ADF and lignin contents of Paulita were absolutly lower than those of Potomac (P<0.05). The retained N and energy were also high for Paulita compare to for Potomac. It could be suggested that Paulita has higher potential for improvement of the forage quality than Potomac and it have a potential to provide as a forage sources.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 1993

This study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 to determine the effects of winter annual forage corps such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.), rape (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera L.), oats (Auena satiua L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), vetch (Vicia satiua L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolim multiflorum Lam.) on subsequent growth, yield and quality of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The winter annual forage crops were seeded at the end of August and harvested in the fall and spring before corn planting. Corn-leaf numbers, plant heights and LA1 were generally reduced during early development when corn followed Italian ryegrass(P<0.05) and winter rye, but the silking date of corn was not affected by the winter annual forage crops. Corn dry matter and TDN yields were significantly reduced when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak winter rye. The yield reductions for corn following Italian ryegrass and Kodiak winter rye, relative to corn which did not follow the winter annual forage crops, were 49 and 19% respectively. but the corn yield was slightly improved by 2 and 3%, respectively. when corn followed crimson clover and vetch. No quality differences in corn stover were observed among the treatments except for the lowest ADF and NDF contents and the highest IVDMD where corn followed ltaliabn ryegrass.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1988

Insufficient herbage during the fall in the temperate areas of the world has been a serious limitation in animal production, but leafy brassicae are potentially very useful for extending the grazing season when the growth and quality of grass is poor. This study was conducted to determine the effects of cutting stage and N fertilization on dry matter (DM) yield, forage quality and chemical composition of forage rape (Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera). The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Livestock Farm of Seoul Nat'l Univ., at Suweon, during 1985- 1986. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. DM percentage and yield significantly increased as the growth period was prolonged and decreased as the N fertilization increased, but in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was unaffected by the treatments. 2. Plant height, DM yield and $NO_3$-N content significantly increased as the rate of N fertilization increased and DM percentage decreased, but the IVDMD was unaffected. 3. The forage rape had high percentage of crude protein and ash. Glutamic acid, pro!ine and aspartic acid were the major amino acids. Concentration of P, Ca and Mg were high.