• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2002

This study was performed to determine the voluntary range of joint mobility for middle-aged Korean adults. One hundred and eighty-eight subjects(99 males and 89 females) at the age range of 40 to 60 participated for this study. Thirty body movements at various joints were conducted to measure the range of joint mobility. Subjects were grouped by Rohrer's into four based on 25th percentile. The data were analyzed to see the differences of range of joint mobility between sexes and Rohrer's index groups. The results of this study and previous studies were compared to see the differences of range of joint mobility due to the aging. Results of this study indicate that females are generally more flexible than males. Significant differences were found to exist in fourteen movement between sexes and in ten movements, females have larger range of joint mobility than males. There were no significant differences in range of joint mobility may have a tendency to decrease with ages. The results of this study provide important information in dynamic dimensions for middle-aged Korean and can be used to design the various and work places for the middle-aged.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

This study presents characteristics of representative five hand dimensions including hand length, medius finger length, hand circumference, hand breadth and hand thickness, and hand scales by gender and age for Koreans. The study was based on data of hand dimensions published in 2008 by Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. The hand dimensions of males were nearly the same as those of females until age of 12~13(10~11 in hand thickness), but the males' were larger than the females' from age group of 14~15 or 12~13. The growth of the hand dimensions was found until age of 12~13(14~15 in hand thickness) in females and 16~17 in males. After the age groups, the hand dimensions was almost the same irrespective of age groups. ANOVA was performed to investigate significant factors affecting hand dimensions. Representative five hand dimensions were significantly affected by gender and age, while they were not affected by occupation. Two hand scales were proposed depending upon gender, for easily using hand characteristics in design stage of hand relevant products. In addition, regression equations were provided for quantitatively predicting hand dimensions on the basis of representative five hand dimensions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.179-181
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• 2000

Stool and cellotape anal swab examinations were carried out in August 1997 on handicapped people at an institution located in Chorwon-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea. A total of 112 stool samples (78 males and 34 females) revealed three cases of Trichuris trichiura infection and one case of Enterobius vermicularis infection. Other helminth eggs were not detected. The overall prevalence rate was 35.7% (38.5% for males and 29.4% for females). More than two different kinds of parasites were found in 42.0% of the positive stool samples (17 cases). The infection rates for protozoan cysts are as follow : Entamoeba coli (25.0%), E. histoIUtica (1.8%), Endolinax nana (21.4%), Iodoamoeba butschlii (1.8%) and Giardia lamblia (0.9%). In cellotape anal swab examinations (165 samples), the prevalence rate of E. vemicularis was 20.6% (25.7% of males and 9.6% of females). In conclusion, the handicapped people in the institution showed higher infection rates of protozoan parasites and E. vemicularis, possibly due to more accessibility to the infection.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) evaluation is a useful tool for monitoring disease activity in various inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. ESR is known to be influenced by a multitude of confounding factors. The present study aimed to assess the possible determinants of the ESR and its relationship with various risk factors involved in ischemic stroke. ESR and other hematological and biochemical parameters were investigated in 163 ischemic stroke patients (107 males and 56 females) selected based on imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 16.0 software. Linear regression analysis showed a significant inverse relationship of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV) (P<0.001 for females; P<0.01 for males) with the ESR. It was observed that the red blood cell (RBC) count was not strongly correlated with the ESR (P<0.05 for both males and females). It was also observed that sex significantly affected the variables determining the ESR levels, whereas age had no effect. Gender differences were also observed with respect to Hb, RBC, PCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and ESR. The possible determinants of higher ESR levels in ischemic stroke may be sex, Hb, hematocrit, and RBC count, but the role of other clinical and laboratory parameters cannot be underestimated.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

This study aims to suggest the partition ratio (Q-factor) of healthy Koreans and the comparison results of breath alcohol concentration (BAC) measurements using two methods (photoacoustic and electrochemical methods) for developing breath alcohol ignition interlock devices (BAIIDs). Given the relationship between BACs and BrACs and the Q-factor, the alcohol metabolism of healthy Koreans (96 males and 91 females) is revealed for understanding the digestion of alcohol and surveying the fundamental data of alcohol-related problems, CO₂ concentrations vs. alcohol concentrations, and the performance of alcohol sensors in the marketplace. The average Q-factor of healthy Korean males and females are 1,913 (95% confidence interval from 1,889-1,937) and 1,991 (95% confidence interval from 1,945-2,036). Photoacoustic measurements could be applied to predict the BACs of drinkers, which is confirmed by the Bland-Altman plots presented in this study. The biases based on the partition ratios (Q=1,913 and Q=1,991) in the Bland-Altman plots were -0.0004% (95% CI from -0.0011 to +0.0003% for males) and -0.0017% (95% CI from -0.020 to +0.017% for females).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1976

The primary objective of this study was to define the differences that exist. between different sexes on the dentoskeletal framework and the soft tissue profile around the mouth. For the purpose of this study, cephalometric radiographs were obtained from the centric occlusion with closed lip position, through the research on each 42 males and females aged from 17 to 22 years with normal occlusion and acceptable facial appearence. The results were as follows: 1. Maxillary to mandibular relationships. Among the angles formed by the long axis of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, the maxillary and mandibular anterior alveolar bone, and the lower and upper lips (Fig.2), only the angle formed by the lips was more acute in males than in females. The males have a more rounded profile, and the females have a flatter profile in the lower third of the face. The differences is statistically significant for the angle formed by the lips. The fact that the lips have a difference greater than that of teeth or the alveolar bone indicates that the lip position is not entirely due to tooth and bony support. Possibly the thickness of the lips has an influence. 2. Occlusal plane. The occlusal plane was related to the anterior tooth inclination, anterior alveolar bone profile, and the lip contour, both maxillary and mandibular (Fig.3). Only the angle related to lower lip was statistically significant. The females again had the more obtuse angle, indicating a flatter profile than that of the males. 3.Skeletal planes. The angles formed by the anterior maxillary lips, teeth, and alveolar bone with the Frankfort plane and the angles of the mandibular lips, teeth, and, alveolar bone and the mandibular plane were investigated (Fig.4). Results were similar to those from maxillary to mandibular relationships. The results were statistically significant for the upper lip and the lower lip, only. 4. Esthetics. The facial line and the mandibular plane were compared with the esthetic line. These angles were different for the different sexes, but only the latter was statistically significant. This difference may be due to the profile contour of the nose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 1990

Age and growth of the Marbled Sole Limanda Yokohamae in Tokyo Bay were studied by otolith reading of 1,070 fishes from May 1986 to April 1988. Examination of the outer margins of the otoliths showed that the hyaline zone as annulus was formed once a year and that its formation was completed at the end of the spawning season (Feb. to Apr.). Growth of the fish was expressed by the von Bertallinffy's equaion as Lt=255.7{1-exp[-0.505(t-0.149)]} for males and Lt=376.9{1-exp[-0.303(t-0.202)]} for females, where Lt is standard length in mm and t is age in years. It was found that the growth of males and females differs, with the females showing a higher growth than the males at each estimated age. Growth in body weight was also examined. Most of the fish examined were found to be not more than three years old, although the oldest fish were four years old for males and seven years old for females.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2004

Objectives : This study sought to examine relationships between alcohol drinking and cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality. Methods : From March 1985 through December 1999, 2,696 males and 3,595 females aged 55 or over as of 1985 were followed up for their mortality until 31 December 1999. We calculated the mortality risk ratios by level of alcohol consumption. Among the drinker, the level of alcohol consumption was calculated by the frequency of alcohol comsumption and the type of alcohol. Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust for confounding factors. Results : Among males, compared to abstainer, heavy drinker had significantly higher mortality in all cause(Risk ratio=1.35), cardiovascular disease(Risk ratio=1.52) and cerebrovascular disease(Risk ratio =1.66). Although not significant, moderate drinker had lower ischemic heart disease mortality(Risk ratio =0.38). Among females, there was no statistically significant association between alcohol comsumption and mortality. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that alcohol drinking has harmful effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and cerebrovascular disease mortality among males, especially in heavy drinker among males. Minimal evidence on protective effect for cardiovascular disease mortality in low or moderate drinker is observed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.33-43
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• 1992

The objective of this study were to (1) investigate the relationship between evaluations of apparel advertising, fashion involvement, and social attitudes, (2) examine how evaluation of apparel advertising, fashion involvement, and social attitudes vary according to gender, and (3) investigate the possible differences in purchase attitudes toward the advertised apparels according to gender and advertisement slogan. Questionnaire for evaluations of apparel advertising was comprised of four sections; apparel advertising acceptance, evaluation of advertisement slogan, purchase attitude toward the advertised apparels, and perception of effective media for apparel advertising. For evaluation of advertisement slogan, 5 sets of apparel advertisements were selected. Each set had two advertisements; one advertisement contained an image-oriented slogan, while the other had a quality-oriented slogan. "The Social Attitude Scale' by Kerlinger and 'Fashion Involvement Index' by Tigert, Ring & King were used. All the items were selected on the Cronbach's alpha reliability. The subjects were 217 college male and famale students in Seoul; 60 were asked about purchase attitude toward the image-oriented slogan, 60 purchase attitude toward the quality-oriented slogan, and 97 all the items included in evaluation of the two slogans. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, X2-test, t-test, two-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were the followings. 1. Fashion involvement had positive relationship with apparel advertising acceptance. The higher the level of conservative attitude males had, the more positive attitude they had in fashion involvement and apparel advertising acceptance. Subjects high in conservative attitude, fashion involvement, and apparel advertising acceptance. Subjects high in conservative attitude, fashion involvement, and apparel advertising acceptance had more positive in purchase of the advertised apparels. 2. Females high in apparel advertising acceptance were more favorable toward image-oriented advertisements. 3. Fashion involvement and apparel advertising acceptance were significantly higher in females than in males. Liberal attitude was significantly higher in males than in females. Evaluation of advertisement slogan did not differ according to gender. 4. Males perceived 'TV' was the most effective media for apparel advertising while females perceived 'display' was the most effective. 5. No significant interactions between advertisement slogan and gender were found in purchase attitude of the advertising apparels. 6. Apparel advertising acceptance was influenced by fashion involvement, social attitude, and sex. The explanatory power of the three variables was 17%.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1009-1018
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop slacks patterns for middle-aged abdomen-obese adult males by using the 3D virtual-twin and virtual-garment simulation system. The criteria for subjects in this study were males who had over $25kg/m^2$ of BMI, over 90cm of waist, and over 0.90 of WHR. A total of 211 adult males who met these criteria were enrolled. The results were as follows: first, a new slacks pattern considerate of abdomen-obese men was development. The basic numerical formula were as follows: front and back hip girth H/4+3.5, front waist girth W/4+1+0.5, back waist girth W/4+1-0.5, front crotch extension H/16, back crotch extension H/8-0.5, front pleats amount 2.7, and back dart amount 1.5. Second, according to the results of the new slacks patterns appearance evaluation, the new slacks pattern scored more highly than the existing pattern in silhouette and ease amount, confirming that the new slacks pattern is appropriate for the abdomen-obese men. Also, the new slacks pattern was evaluated allowing proper space length of waist, abdomen and hip. Virtual models of production through data from a 3D body scan, pattern draft and virtual garment digital program were applied to a prototypic design method in order to enhance the fitness of ready-made garments. The use of the virtual twin made it impossible to comprehend the appearances and ease correspondent to motions. In order to evaluate wearing fitness, therefore, the system should be improved so as to change arm positions and perform various motions.