• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.87.1-87.12
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• 2021

Background: African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are still prevalent in many regions of China. Co-infections make it difficult to distinguish their clinical symptoms and pathological changes. Therefore, a rapid and specific method is needed for the differential detection of these pathogens. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex qRT-PCR) for the simultaneous differential detection of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV. Methods: Three pairs of primers and TaqMan probes targeting the ASFV p72 gene, CSFV 5' untranslated region, and PRRSV ORF7 gene were designed. After optimizing the reaction conditions, including the annealing temperature, primer concentration, and probe concentration, multiplex qRT-PCR for simultaneous and differential detection of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV was developed. Subsequently, 1,143 clinical samples were detected to verify the practicality of the assay. Results: The multiplex qRT-PCR assay could specifically and simultaneously detect the ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV with a detection limit of 1.78 × 10⁰ copies for the ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV, but could not amplify the other major porcine viruses, such as pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), PCV2, PCV3, foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine parvovirus, atypical porcine pestivirus, and Senecavirus A. The assay had good repeatability with coefficients of variation of intra- and inter-assay of less than 1.2%. Finally, the assay was used to detect 1,143 clinical samples to evaluate its practicality in the field. The positive rates of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV were 25.63%, 9.36%, and 17.50%, respectively. The co-infection rates of ASFV+CSFV, ASFV+PRRSV, CSFV+PRRSV, and ASFV+CSFV+PRRSV were 2.45%, 2.36%, 1.57%, and 0.17%, respectively. Conclusions: The multiplex qRT-PCR developed in this study could provide a rapid, sensitive, specific diagnostic tool for the simultaneous and differential detection of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

Enterovirus is a common cause of several severe diseases such as myocarditis, hand-foot-mouth disease, and meningitis in children and adult. There are many try to develop new antiviral drug for direct treatment in virus infection. However, synthetic chemical antiviral drug is not working. To overcome this limitation, we examined plant extracts. The antiviral effect of plant extracts was screened by HeLa cell survival assay in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. We observed a strong antiviral effect of Poria cocos extract in a dose-dependent manner (1 mg/ml~0.01 mg/ml). P. cocos extract (1 mg/ml) treatment was dramatically decreased virus protease 2A induced eIF4G-I cleavage and virus capsid protein VP1 production. CVB3 positive and negative strand RNA amplification were significantly reduced in P. cocos extract treatment. P. cocos extract completely blocked early time activation of ERK and AKT activity in CVB3 infection. Taken together these data indicate that the treatment of P. cocos extract strongly inhibit CVB3 replication. Poria cocos extract may possible to developed as a therapeutic agent for enterovirus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2009

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of mammals. The use of inactivated vaccine can be chosen to prevent or control FMD. However, vaccination against one serotype of FMDV doses not cross-protect against other serotypes and may not protect fully against some strains of the same serotype. Appropriate selection of vaccine strain is an important element in the control of FMD. The immunity of vaccine antigens should be matched against newly circulating viruses. The phylogenetic analysis of serotype Asia1 reported from China, Mongolia, North Korea and Russia since 2005 shows that they are all classified into genetic group V, but the strain, Asia1/Shamir (ISR/89) which have been used as a vaccine strain in Korea, is clustered into different genetic group. So, in this study the serological relationship between the isolate (Asia1/MOG/05; MOG) and the Shamir strain was determined by ELISA and virus neutralization test. Even though the matching value of the virus (MOG) against the vaccinated sera in target animals was not so high, the vaccinated animals elicited antibodies enough for protection after vaccinated once or twice. Conclusively, we suggest that the vaccine containing Asia1/Shamir antigen could protect the genetic group V strains circulating in East Asia currently if vaccinated twice or the more.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.464-472
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• 2012

To assess the space-time clustering of FMD(Foot-and-Mouth Disease) epidemic occurred in Korea between November 2010 to April 2011, geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis technique was used. Farm address and geographic data obtained from a commercial portal site were integrated into GIS software, which we used to map out the color-shading geographic features of the outbreaks through a process called thematic mapping, and to produce a visual representation of the relationship between epidemic course and time throughout the country. FMD cases reported in northern area of Gyounggi province were clustered in space and time within small geographic areas due to the environmental characteristics which livestock population density is high enough to ease transmit FMD virus to the neighboring farm, whereas FMD cases were clustered in space but not in time for southern and eastern area of Gyounggi province. When analyzing the data for 7-day interval, the mean radius of the spatial-time clustering was 25km with minimum 5.4km and maximum 74km. In addition, the radius of clustering was relatively small in the early stage of FMD epidemic, but the size was geographically expanded over the epidemic course. Prior to implementing control measures during the outbreak period, assessment of geographic units potentially affected and identification of risky areas which are subsequently be targeted for specific intervention measures is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Wild boar is closely related to domestic pigs in terms of genetic homogeneity and the possibility of a source of infection by contact. This study investigated the prevalence of viral diseases from wild boars inhabiting Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. A total of 374 blood samples were collected and subjected to antigen tests to detect African swine fever virus (ASFV), Porcine circovirus type-2 (PCV2), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). For seroprevalence, PCV2, PRRS, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Aujezsky's disease (ADV), and foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) were investigated. The antigenic analysis revealed 73 positive cases (19.5%) for PCV2, while no positive cases for ASFV and PRRSV. For the antibody test, 225 (60.2%), 2 (0.5%), and 48 (12.8%) cases were detected against PCV2, PRRSV, and CSFV, respectively. There were no antibodies detected against both ADV and FMDV. Our results suggest that the viruses infecting both wild boar and domestic pig, mainly PCV2, are circulating in the wild boar population thus, the consistent monitoring of prevalence in wild boar will be needed for transboundary spillover to the domestic pig.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.258-277
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• 1997

우리나라와 축산물(돼지고기) 등의 무역이 활발한 동북아의 국가인 대만은 1930년 구제역의 최종 발생보고 이후 약 47년간 비발생 상태를 유지해 왔었다. 1997년 3월 20일 오전 11:00경 대만에 구제역이 발생하였다는 대만정부의 공식발표에 따라 우리나라에서는 동일자로 대만산 우제류 동물 및 그 생산물의 수입금지를 전면적으로 실시함과 동시에 `97. 2. 17. 이후 도축되어 우리나라에 수입된 돼지고기에 대하여 전량 반송조치토록 수입자에게 통보하는 등 구제역의 국내유입 차단을 위한 정부차원의 여러가지 조치 등을 지속적으로 취하고 있다. 이에 필자들은 미국의 농무성 동식물검역청(USDA, APHIS)에서 구제역 발생 및 구제역바이러스의 전파위험도를 분석한 자료 (Foot-and-Mouth Disease : Soures of Outbreaks and Hazard Categorization of Modes of Virus Transmission, December. 1994, USDA : APHIS : VS, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health)를 소개함으로써 구제역바이러스의 국내 유입방지 대책을 위한 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

Simulation using the virtual reality has been applied in various fields such as exercise, education, disaster simulation training, but there is a little research on disease caused by virus transmission. In this study, we conducted simulation studies and analysis of avian influenza disaster response training. The annual avian influenza virus is recurring every year in Korea, but there are still few solutions and preventive measures for the preventing the avian influenza. The avian influenza can cause a great deal of societal harm and enormous economic damage. Prophylaxis is important because livestock epidemics, such as avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease, have a large impact on farm households. Therefore, we proposed and analyzed contents that can be avoided through simulation of avian influenza disaster response presented in this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the infection of livestock diseases using 500 blood samples from wild boars captured in six cities and one county in northern Gyeonggi province, South Korea. We examined 239 cases of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and each of 500 cases of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Pasteurella multocida type A (PMA), Hemophilus parasuis (HP), Salmonella (Sal.) spp. infections. Antibodies were detected against CSFV (23.4%), PRRSV (4.0%), PCV2 (60.4%), MH (3.0%), APP (69.2%), PMA (52.8%), HP (11.8%), and Sal. spp. infections (37.2%). No antibodies were detected against FMDV. As a result of antigenic analysis of 68 positive cases (13.6%) out of 500 PRRS antigen tests, 61 North American cases, 6 European cases, 1 North American-European complex case. PCV2 has 158 positive cases (31.6%) out of 500 antigen tests, and the results indicate that a considerable number of individuals are infected. To our knowledge, this is the first seroprevalence report of MH, APP, PMA, HP, and Sal. spp. infections in wild boars in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2004

In many organisms, trehalose has been Down as an energy source and a protectant against various environmental stresses such as desiccation, freezing, heat and osmotic pressure. Previously, we have isolated and characterized the genes encoding trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (ZrTPS1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (ZrTPS2) from one of the most osmotolerant yeasts, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. We have also generated transgenic plants by co-introduction of ZrTPS2 and ZrTPS2 into potato plant (ZrTPS2-2A-ZrTPS1 plant) in an attempt to metabolically engineer trehalose in the transgenic plant using the foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV) 2A system and to generate drought resistant crop plants. In this research, we assayed previously generated the ZrTPS2-2A-ZrTPS1 plant biofunctionally by drought treatment, and measured the amount of trehalose in the ZrTPS2-2A-ZrTPS1 transgenic plants. The ZrTPS2-2A-ZrTPS1 transgenic plant showed strong drought resistance in spite of little or no accumulation of transgenic in he transgenic plant compared with control plant.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2020

Human Coxsackievirus B5 (HuCoxV-B5) infection has been associated with various diseases such as myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, hand-foot-and mouth-disease, and insulin-dependent diabetes. HuCoxV-B5 is a virus transmitted through the fecal-oral route and is detected in clinics, aquatic environments, food, shellfish, etc. and is one of the more important viruses in public health because of its incidence rate reported worldwide. In this study, a combination of SYBR Green-based real-time PCR primers for molecular diagnosis including monitoring of HuCoxV-B5 was selected and the optimal reaction conditions were established. Compared with the previously reported TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method, assessments including a sample applicability test were performed. Results showed that the real-time PCR method developed in this study was suitable for a molecular diagnostic technique for detecting HuCoxV-B5. This study is expected to contribute to efforts in responding to safety accidents in public health because the proposed method facilitates rapid diagnosis of clinical patients. It can also be used as a specific monitoring tool of HuCoxV-B5 in non-clinical areas such as aquatic environments among others.