• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.144-150
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• 2017

Purpose: To assess the clinical and radiographic results and complications of arthroscopy-assisted reduction and percutaneous fixation for patients with tongue-type Sanders type II calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: Between August 2014 and December 2015, 10 patients who underwent surgery using subtalar arthroscopic assisted reduction and percutaneous fixation for tongue-type Sanders type II calcaneal fractures were reviewed. The mean age was 50.8 years (36~62 years), and the mean follow-up period was 24 months (12~40 months). The clinical results were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score at the regular follow-ups, and the foot function index (FFI) at the last follow-up. The subtalar range of motion (ROM) was evaluated and compared with the uninjured limb at the last follow-up. The radiographic results were assessed using the Bohler's angle from the plain radiographs and the reduction of the posterior calcaneal facet using computed tomography (CT). The postoperative complications were assessed by a chart review. Results: The VAS and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score improved until 12 months after surgery. The FFI was 15 (1.8~25.9) and subtalar ROM was 75.5% (60%~100%) compared to the uninjured limb at the last follow-up. The $B{\ddot{o}}hler^{\prime}s$ angle was increased significantly from $2^{\circ}$ ($-14^{\circ}{\sim}18^{\circ}$) preoperatively to $21.8^{\circ}$ ($20^{\circ}{\sim}28^{\circ}$) at the last follow-up. The reduction of the posterior facet was graded as excellent in five feet (50.0%) and good in five (50.0%) on CT obtained at 12 months after surgery. One foot (10.0%) had subfibular pain due to a prominent screw head. One foot (10.0%) had pain due to a longitudinal tear of the peroneal tendon that occurred during screw insertion. Conclusion: Subtalar arthroscopic-assisted reduction of the posterior calcaneal facet of the subtalar joint and percutaneous fixation is a useful surgical method for tongue-type Sanders type II calcaneal fractures.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot massage on the degree of nausea/vomiting, anxiety, sleep satisfaction and fatigue during chemotherapy. Method: Total 36 subjects who were admitted to C university hospital in G city during 3 days and 2 nights for chemotherapy were selected from January to June, 2003. Seventeen of these subjects were assigned to control group and the rest were assigned to experimental group. Tools were Index of Nausea, Vomiting & Retching (INVR), Spielberger's state anxiety, sleep satisfaction, & fatigue VAS. Data were collected at both pre-test and post-test. Results: Difference of pre-test and post-test was not significant between control group and experimental group on the degree of nausea/vomiting, anxiety and sleep satisfaction. However, the effect of foot massage on the fatigue was significant. Conclusion: Further studies need to identify the immediate effect of foot massage on either nausea and vomiting or anxiety and to develop strategies for lengthening and strengthening the short-term effect of foot massage.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

Purpose : Conventional, IMRT, at CSI treatment with VMAT, this study compare the treatment plan with dose changes measured at Junction field according to the error of Setup. Materials and Methods : This study established Conventional, the IMRT, VMAT treatment planning for CSI therapy using the Eclipse 10.0 (Eclipse10.0, Varian, USA) and chose person in Seoul National University Hospital. Verification plan was also created to apply IMRT QA phantom for each treatment plan to the film measurements. At this time, the error of Setup was applied to the 2, 4, 6mm respectively with the head and foot direction. ("+" direction of the head, "-" means that the foot direction.) Using IMRT QA Phantom and EBT2 film, was investigated by placing the error of Setup for each Junction. We check the consistency of the measured Film and plan dose distribution by gamma index (Gamma index, ${\gamma}$). In addition, we compared the error of Setup by the dose distribution, and analyzing the uniformity of the dose distribution within the target by calculating the Homogeneity Index (HI). Results : It was figured out that 90.49%-gamma index we obtained with film is agreement with film scan score and dose distribution of treatment plan. Also, depend on the dose distribution on distance, if we make the error of Setup 2, 4, 6mm in the head direction, it showed that 3.1, 4.5, 8.1 at $^*Diff$(%) of Conventional, 1.1, 3.5, 6.3 at IMRT, and 1.6, 2.5, 5.7 at VMAT. In the same way, if we make the error of Setup 2, 4, 6mm in the foot direction, it showed that -1.6, -2.8, -4.4 at $^*Diff$(%) of Conventional, -0.9, -1.6, -2.9 at IMRT, and -0.5, -2.2, -2.5 at VMAT. Homogeneity Index(HI)s are 1.216 at Conventional, 1.095 at IMRT and 1.069 at VMAT. Discussion and Conclusion : The dose-change depend on the error of Setup at the CSI RT(radiation therapy) using IMRT and VMAT which have advantages, Dose homogeneity and the gradual dose gradients on the Junction part is lower than that of Conventional CSI RT. This a little change of dose means that there is less danger on patients despite of the error of Setup generated at the CSI RT.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2012

Driver's feeling is variously affected by lots of components such as engine, frame, wheels, and seats during the operation of automobiles. The main objective of this research is to identify the correlation between subjective evaluation and vibration metrics that was set by ISO to investigate development of the car vibration quality index using multiple linear regressions(MLR). A previous research related with automotive vibration quality used the method of calculating acceleration values of the point of a seat, a seat back, foot as RMS for objective evaluation. The automotive comfort is determined by RMS values. In comparison with the previous research, this study includes not only the vibration metrics, but also subjective values by jury evaluation. By indentifying the correlation between subjective evaluation and vibration metrics, the automotive vibration quality index is developed through MLR. Based on the results of this study, the proposed the automotive vibration quality index which developed through MLR will be helpful to obtain objective and reliable automotive comfort values.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.683-688
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• 2012

Driver's feeling is variously affected by lots of components such as engine, frame, wheels, and seats during the operation of automobiles. The main objective of this research is to identify the correlation between subjective evaluation and vibration metrics that was set by ISO to investigate development of the car vibration quality index using multiple linear regressions (MLR). A previous research related with automotive vibration quality used the method of calculating acceleration values of the point of a seat, a seat back, foot as RMS for objective evaluation. The automotive comfort is determined by RMS values. In comparison with the previous research, this study includes not only the vibration metrics, but also subjective values by jury evaluation. By indentifying the correlation between subjective evaluation and vibration metrics, the automotive vibration quality index is developed through MLR. Based on the results of this study, the proposed the automotive vibration quality index which developed through MLR will be helpful to obtain objective and reliable automotive comfort values.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 1987

Floristic composition and vertical distribution of Mt. Daedun (western slope) were investigated from 1985 to 1986. The results are as follows; 108 families, 346 genera, 511 species, 2 subspecies, 75 varieties, 5 forma or 593 taxa including 77 cultivars. The floral data showed the ecological characteristics such as the value 346 in Fisher's Index, H-D1-H5 in biological type, 10.9% in urban index of naturalized plants and 60.5% in erect form growth form. Based on the physiognomy and population density of dominant tree species the forest vegetation of Mt. Daedun (western slope) was classified into 5 types; Quercus mongolica forest and Q. variabilis forest at 800m above, Carpinys laxiflora forest and Acer mono forest at 700m to 800m and Sapium japonicum forest at 500m to 800m in altitude. And Lindera erythrocarpa forest and zelkova serrata forest are widely distributed at 400m to 800m in altityde along valley and at mountain foot area.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 2016

Objectives : This study reports the clinical effects of Korean medical treatment on a patient with suspected diabetic muscle infarction (DMI). Methods : A patient diagnosed with spinal stenosis was suspected of DMI. The patient was treated with acupuncture, bee-venom pharmacopuncture and gastrocnemius stretching. Symptoms were evaluated by verbal numeric rating scale (vNRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Manchester foot pain and disability index (MFPDI). Results : After approximately 5 weeks of Korean medical treatment, including 8 bee-venom treatments, vNRS, ODI, and MFPDI all decreased. Conclusion : The results suggest that Korean medical treatment is effective for treating pain caused by DMI.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2005

Purpose: To analyze the outcome of metatarsal lengthening of first brachymetatarsia by callotasis using an external fixator. Materials and Methods: Between January 1998 and February 2004, 10 patients (17 cases) were reviewed. The mean age at operation was 17.3 years. Seven patients had bilateral first brachymetatarsia and eight patients had combined 4th brachymetatarsia. The operations were performed with a monoexternal fixator, and distraction was started at a rate of 0.75 mm/day after 7 days. The radiographic results were evaluated by lengthening amount and percentage, fixation time, and healing index. Complications and AOFAS score were evaluated. Results: The average lengthening amount was 17.7 mm and the average lengthening percentage was 43.4%. The external fixation time was 107 days and average healing index was 69.8 days/cm. The evaluation according to AOFAS score was excellent in 12 cases and good in 5 cases. Complications were 4 cases of hallux valgus, 4 of metatarsophalangeal joint stiffness, 3 of medial angular deformity, 3 of pes cavus, 2 of pin breakage, 2 of pin site infection, and 1 of skin hyperpigmentation. Conclusion: Callotasis for 1st brachymetatarsia is a very useful treatment method with high patient satisfaction, excellent healing rate and early ambulation without bone graft. Nevertheless, great care must be taken to minimize the various possible complications.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2015

Objectives : The objectives of this study is to compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA), warm needling(WN) and Radio Frequency warm needling(RFWN) stimulations on the acupoints at the artificially damaged ankles of Sprague-Dawley rats, which could be classified as the Grade 3. Methods : The foot weight bearing force ratio(FWBFR) of ankle sprain was measured first at 24 hours after without any other stimulations. Pain Recovery Index(PRI) represents the analgesic level, and modified Pain Recovery Index(mPRI) shows the accumulated recovery level. PRI was measured at 2 hours after each stimulus on GB34, GB39 and GB42, and mPRI was during 7 days. Results : EA stimulation of GB34 and GB39 acupoint in grade 3 ankle sprain showed a marked analgesic and recovery effect. RFWN of GB42 exhibited significant analgesic and pain recovery effect. RFWN of GB34 resulted in pain recovery effect but not analgesic effects, and RFWN of GB39 resulted in analgesic effect 2 hours after but not pain recovery. However, WN did not affect the pain recovery among three acupoints at all. Conclusions : In the Grade 3 ankle sprain model, the difference of analgesic effects were explained by the acupoints and the stimulation methods according to the accumulated recovery effects during 7 days. It is insufficient to determine that a certain acupoint has a specific analgesic effect depending on the stimulation method by the results of this study. Therefore, the effects of each stimulation on the acupoints in any other meridians at the sprained ankle should be compared and analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2022

Purpose: The modified Broström repair (BR) technique has yielded good outcomes in patients with chronic ankle instability. This study compared clinical and radiological outcomes between two groups of patients who underwent modified BR or lateral ligament augmentation using suture tapes (ST). Materials and Methods: Seventy-seven patients (ST group [n=47], BR group [n=30]; body mass index <26.61 kg/m²; mean age, 30.7±11.0 years [range, 17~39 years]; mean follow-up, 34.0±12.0 months [range, 24~59 months]) were retrospectively reviewed between January 2014 and July 2017. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Sefton grading system were used for clinical assessment. The talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation were measured using the Telos stress device (Telos GmbH, Marburg, Germany) at 150 N for radiological evaluation. Results: FAOS, AOFAS, FAAM, and VAS scores improved in both groups at final follow-up (ST, 91.1±5.2, 93±2, 88.1±4.5, 1.5±0.7 vs. BR, 91.3±5.4, 93±3, 83.3±4.8, 1.2±0.7, respectively; p=0.854, 0.971, <0.001, 0.04, respectively). According to the FAOS, mean sports activity scores for the ST and BR groups at the final follow-up were 90.3±3.2 and 76.6±4.2, respectively, reflecting superior outcomes in the ST group (p<0.001). Sefton grading revealed satisfactory functional outcomes (ST, 91.5% vs. BR, 90.0%). There was significant improvement in the talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation in both the ST and BR groups (7.6°±1.2°, 10.5±1.8 mm vs. 4.9°±1.1°, 7.9±1.5 mm, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion: The ST group demonstrated comparable clinical but better improvement in mechanical stability and FAOS sports scores than the BR group.